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Hu B, Hu H, Yin M, Sun Z, Chen X, Li Y, Sun Z, Liu C, Li L, Qiu Y. Sertad1 promotes prostate cancer progression through binding androgen receptor ligand binding domain. Int J Cancer 2018; 144:558-568. [PMID: 30230528 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) signaling is involved in the initiation and progression of prostate cancer (PCa), which is the most frequently diagnosed nonskin cancer and remains a leading cause of cancer-related death in men. Further investigation of the involvement of AR signaling in PCa progression is urgently needed. In the present study, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screen and demonstrated that SERTA domain-containing protein 1 (Sertad1) is a novel AR-binding protein that binds to the AR ligand binding domain (LBD). The binding between AR-LBD and Sertad1 was confirmed by glutathione S-transferase (GST) pull-down assays and immunoprecipitation (IP) and confocal immunofluorescence co-localization experiments. Furthermore, we demonstrated that DHT inhibited Sertad1 protein degradation in prostate cancer cell lines and that Sertad1 knockdown inhibited the proliferation of prostate cancer cells in vitro. In human PCa tumor tissues, Sertad1 expression is positively correlated with AR expression and the Gleason score. Taken together, this report is the first to show that Sertad1 is a novel AR-LBD-binding protein, and DHT-liganded AR-LBD inhibits Sertad1 degradation. Thus, Sertad1 may represent a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of AR-positive PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqing Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Haidi Hu
- Department of Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingzhu Yin
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Zhengrong Sun
- Virus Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoya Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyi Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Qiu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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2
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Qiu S, Liu S, Yu T, Yu J, Wang M, Rao Q, Xing H, Tang K, Mi Y, Wang J. Sertad1 antagonizes iASPP function by hindering its entrance into nuclei to interact with P53 in leukemic cells. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:795. [PMID: 29179704 PMCID: PMC5704379 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3787-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As the important suppressor of P53, iASPP is found to be overexpressed in leukemia, and functions as oncogene that inhibited apoptosis of leukemia cells. Sertad1 is identified as one of the proteins that can bind with iASPP in our previous study by two-hybrid screen. Methods Co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence were perfomed to identified the interaction between iASPP and Sertad1 protein. Westernblot and Real-time quantitative PCR were used to determine the expression and activation of proteins. Cell proliferation assays, cell cycle and cell apoptosis were examined by flow cytometric analysis. Results iASPP combined with Sertad1 in leukemic cell lines and the interaction occurred in the cytoplasm near nuclear membrane. iASPP could interact with Sertad1 through its Cyclin-A, PHD-bromo, C terminal domain, except for S domain. Overexpression of iASPP in leukemic cells resulted in the increased cell proliferation and resistance to apoptosis induced by chemotherapy drugs. While overexpression of iASPP and Sertad1 at the same time could slow down the cell proliferation, lead the cells more vulnerable to the chemotherapy drugs, the resistance to chemotherapeutic drug in iASPPhi leukemic cells was accompanied by Puma protein expression. Excess Sertad1 protein could tether iASPP protein in the cytoplasm, further reduced the binding between iASPP and P53 in the nucleus. Conclusions Sertad1 could antagonize iASPP function by hindering its entrance into nuclei to interact with P53 in leukemic cells when iASPP was in the stage of overproduction. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-017-3787-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, People's Republic of China
| | - Tengteng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, People's Republic of China
| | - Kejing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinchang Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Hong SW, Moon JH, Kim JS, Shin JS, Jung KA, Lee WK, Jeong SY, Hwang JJ, Lee SJ, Suh YA, Kim I, Nam KY, Han S, Kim JE, Kim KP, Hong YS, Lee JL, Lee WJ, Choi EK, Lee JS, Jin DH, Kim TW. p34 is a novel regulator of the oncogenic behavior of NEDD4-1 and PTEN. Cell Death Differ 2013; 21:146-60. [PMID: 24141722 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2013.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PTEN is one of the most frequently mutated or deleted tumor suppressors in human cancers. NEDD4-1 was recently identified as the E3 ubiquitin ligase for PTEN; however, a number of important questions remain regarding the role of ubiquitination in regulating PTEN function and the mechanisms by which PTEN ubiquitination is regulated. In the present study, we demonstrated that p34, which was identified as a binding partner of NEDD4-1, controls PTEN ubiquitination by regulating NEDD4-1 protein stability. p34 interacts with the WW1 domain of NEDD4-1, an interaction that enhances NEDD4-1 stability. Expression of p34 promotes PTEN poly-ubiquitination, leading to PTEN protein degradation, whereas p34 knockdown results in PTEN mono-ubiquitination. Notably, an inverse correlation between PTEN and p34/NEDD4-1 levels was confirmed in tumor samples from colon cancer patients. Thus, p34 acts as a key regulator of the oncogenic behavior of NEDD4-1 and PTEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-W Hong
- 1] Innovative Cancer Research, Asan Medical Center, Asan Institute for Life Science, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea [2] Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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4
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Okochi-Takada E, Hattori N, Tsukamoto T, Miyamoto K, Ando T, Ito S, Yamamura Y, Wakabayashi M, Nobeyama Y, Ushijima T. ANGPTL4 is a secreted tumor suppressor that inhibits angiogenesis. Oncogene 2013; 33:2273-8. [PMID: 23686315 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumor suppressors with extracellular function are likely to have advantages as targets for cancer therapy, but few are known. Here, we focused on angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4), which is a secreted glycoprotein involved in lipoprotein metabolism and angiogenesis, is methylation-silenced in human cancers, but has unclear roles in cancer development and progression. We found a deletion mutation in its coiled-coil domain at its N-terminal in human gastric cancers, in addition to hypermethylation of the ANGPTL4 promoter CpG islands. Forced expression of wild-type ANGPTL4, but not ANGPTL4 with the deletion, at physiological levels markedly suppressed in vivo tumorigenicity and tumor angiogenesis, indicating that the latter caused the former. Tumor-derived ANGPTL4 suppressed in vitro vascular tube formation and proliferation of human umbilical vascular endothelial cells, partly due to suppression of ERK signaling. These showed that ANGPTL4 is a genetically and epigenetically inactivated secreted tumor suppressor that inhibits tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Okochi-Takada
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - N Hattori
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Tsukamoto
- Oncological Pathology Division, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - K Miyamoto
- Division of Molecular Oncology, National Hospital Organization Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, Kureshi, Japan
| | - T Ando
- 1] Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan [2] Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - S Ito
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Central Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Y Yamamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Central Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - M Wakabayashi
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Nobeyama
- 1] Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan [2] Department of Dermatology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Ushijima
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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5
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Lee SLO, Hong SW, Shin JS, Kim JS, Ko SG, Hong NJ, Kim DJ, Lee WJ, Jin DH, Lee MS. p34SEI-1 inhibits doxorubicin-induced senescence through a pathway mediated by protein kinase C-delta and c-Jun-NH2-kinase 1 activation in human breast cancer MCF7 cells. Mol Cancer Res 2009; 7:1845-53. [PMID: 19903772 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-09-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we describe a novel function of the p34(SEI-1) protein, which is both an oncogenic protein and a positive regulator of the cell cycle. The p34(SEI-1) protein was found to inhibit doxorubicin-induced senescence. We investigated the molecular mechanisms of the inhibitory effect of p34(SEI-1) on senescence. First, we found that the activation of protein kinase C-delta (PKC-delta), which is cleaved into a 38 kDa active form from a 78 kDa pro-form, induced after doxorubicin treatment, was inhibited by p34(SEI-1). Furthermore, p34(SEI-1) induced the ubiquitination of PKC-delta. Yet, there is no interaction between p34(SEI-1) and PKC-delta. We also found that the phosphorylation of c-Jun-NH(2)-kinase 1 (JNK1) induced after doxorubicin treatment was suppressed by p34(SEI-1), but not in JNK2. Consistently, pharmacologic or genetic inactivation of either PKC-delta or JNK1 was found to inhibit doxorubicin-induced senescence. In addition, the genetic inactivation of PKC-delta by PKC-delta small interfering RNA resulted in an inhibition of JNK1 activation, but PKC-delta expression was not inactivated by JNK1 small interfering RNA, implying that the activation of JNK1 could be dependently induced by PKC-delta. Therefore, p34(SEI-1) inhibits senescence by inducing PKC-delta ubiquitination and preventing PKC-delta-dependent phosphorylation of JNK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae Lo Oom Lee
- Research Center for Women's Diseases, Division of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
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Weissman B, Knudsen KE. Hijacking the chromatin remodeling machinery: impact of SWI/SNF perturbations in cancer. Cancer Res 2009; 69:8223-30. [PMID: 19843852 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-2166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that alterations in chromatin remodeling play a significant role in human disease. The SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex family mobilizes nucleosomes and functions as a master regulator of gene expression and chromatin dynamics whose functional specificity is driven by combinatorial assembly of a central ATPase and association with 10 to 12 unique subunits. Although the biochemical consequence of SWI/SNF in model systems has been extensively reviewed, the present article focuses on the evidence linking SWI/SNF perturbations to cancer initiation and tumor progression in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Weissman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory and Lineberger Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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7
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Molecular cloning and analysis of SSc5D, a new member of the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich superfamily. Mol Immunol 2009; 46:2585-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2009.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2009] [Accepted: 05/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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8
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Hong SW, Kim CJ, Park WS, Shin JS, Lee SD, Ko SG, Jung SI, Park IC, An SK, Lee WK, Lee WJ, Jin DH, Lee MS. p34SEI-1 inhibits apoptosis through the stabilization of the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein: p34SEI-1 as a novel target for anti-breast cancer strategies. Cancer Res 2009; 69:741-6. [PMID: 19176394 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-1189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The p34(SEI-1) protein exerts oncogenic effects via regulation of the cell cycle, which occurs through a direct interaction with cyclin-dependent kinase 4. Such regulation can increase the survival of various types of tumor cells. Here, we show that the antiapoptotic function of p34(SEI-1) increases tumor cell survival by protecting the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) from degradation. Our findings show that p34(SEI-1) inhibits apoptosis. This antiapoptotic effect was eliminated by the suppression of p34(SEI-1) expression. We also determined that direct binding of p34(SEI-1) to the BIR2 domain prevents ubiquitination of XIAP. Interestingly, p34(SEI-1) expression is absent or weak in normal tissues but is strongly expressed in tissues obtained from patients with breast cancer. Furthermore, the expression levels of p34(SEI-1) and XIAP seem to be coordinated in human breast cancer cell lines and tumor tissues. Thus, our findings reveal that p34(SEI-1) uses a novel apoptosis-inhibiting mechanism to stabilize XIAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Woo Hong
- Department of Anatomy and Tumor Immunity Medical Research Center, Division of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
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9
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Cheong JK, Gunaratnam L, Zang ZJ, Yang CM, Sun X, Nasr SL, Sim KG, Peh BK, Rashid SBA, Bonventre JV, Salto-Tellez M, Hsu SI. TRIP-Br2 promotes oncogenesis in nude mice and is frequently overexpressed in multiple human tumors. J Transl Med 2009; 7:8. [PMID: 19152710 PMCID: PMC2671481 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-7-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2008] [Accepted: 01/20/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Members of the TRIP-Br/SERTAD family of mammalian transcriptional coregulators have recently been implicated in E2F-mediated cell cycle progression and tumorigenesis. We, herein, focus on the detailed functional characterization of the least understood member of the TRIP-Br/SERTAD protein family, TRIP-Br2 (SERTAD2). Methods Oncogenic potential of TRIP-Br2 was demonstrated by (1) inoculation of NIH3T3 fibroblasts, which were engineered to stably overexpress ectopic TRIP-Br2, into athymic nude mice for tumor induction and (2) comprehensive immunohistochemical high-throughput screening of TRIP-Br2 protein expression in multiple human tumor cell lines and human tumor tissue microarrays (TMAs). Clinicopathologic analysis was conducted to assess the potential of TRIP-Br2 as a novel prognostic marker of human cancer. RNA interference of TRIP-Br2 expression in HCT-116 colorectal carcinoma cells was performed to determine the potential of TRIP-Br2 as a novel chemotherapeutic drug target. Results Overexpression of TRIP-Br2 is sufficient to transform murine fibroblasts and promotes tumorigenesis in nude mice. The transformed phenotype is characterized by deregulation of the E2F/DP-transcriptional pathway through upregulation of the key E2F-responsive genes CYCLIN E, CYCLIN A2, CDC6 and DHFR. TRIP-Br2 is frequently overexpressed in both cancer cell lines and multiple human tumors. Clinicopathologic correlation indicates that overexpression of TRIP-Br2 in hepatocellular carcinoma is associated with a worse clinical outcome by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Small interfering RNA-mediated (siRNA) knockdown of TRIP-Br2 was sufficient to inhibit cell-autonomous growth of HCT-116 cells in vitro. Conclusion This study identifies TRIP-Br2 as a bona-fide protooncogene and supports the potential for TRIP-Br2 as a novel prognostic marker and a chemotherapeutic drug target in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jit Kong Cheong
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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10
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Kikuchi S, Honda K, Tsuda H, Hiraoka N, Imoto I, Kosuge T, Umaki T, Onozato K, Shitashige M, Yamaguchi U, Ono M, Tsuchida A, Aoki T, Inazawa J, Hirohashi S, Yamada T. Expression and Gene Amplification of Actinin-4 in Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Pancreas. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:5348-56. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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11
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Clinical significance of the reduced expression of G protein gamma 7 (GNG7) in oesophageal cancer. Br J Cancer 2008; 98:410-7. [PMID: 18219292 PMCID: PMC2361448 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously cloned human G protein gamma 7 (GNG7) and demonstrated that it was downregulated in gastrointestinal cancer. The significance of GNG7 expression in oesophageal cancer is unknown. TaqMan quantitative real-time PCR was performed to determine the clinical significance of GNG7 expression in 55 cases of oesophageal cancer. Furthermore, GNG7-transfected oesophageal cancer cells were analysed in laboratory studies at genomic and epigenetic levels. Twenty-seven patients with low GNG7 expression showed significantly poorer survival than did 28 patients with high expression (P<0.05). Tumours with low GNG7 expression invaded deeper than those with high GNG7 expression (P<0.05), both in vivo and in vitro. Eight tumours retained GNG7 expression, and they did not show either promoter hypermethylation or loss of heterozygosity (LOH). In 38 tumours with GNG7 suppression, 22 (57%) showed either LOH or promoter hypermethylation. In addition, GNG7 expression was significantly associated with the presence of miR328 in oesophageal cancer cell lines, which suggests that this microRNA might be a regulator of GNG7 expression. GNG7 suppression represents a new prognostic indicator in cases of oesophageal cancer. GNG7 might be suppressed by LOH and promoter hypermethylation or by microRNA.
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Darwish H, Cho JM, Loignon M, Alaoui-Jamali MA. Overexpression of SERTAD3, a putative oncogene located within the 19q13 amplicon, induces E2F activity and promotes tumor growth. Oncogene 2007; 26:4319-28. [PMID: 17260023 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The amplified region of chromosome 19q13.1-13.2 has been associated with several cancers. The well-characterized oncogene AKT2 is located in this amplicon. Two members of the same gene family (SERTAD1 and SERTAD3) are also located within this region. We report herein the genomic structure and potential functions of SERTAD3. SERTAD3 has two transcript variants with short mRNA half-lives, and one of the variants is tightly regulated throughout G1 and S phases of the cell cycle. Overexpression of SERTAD3 induces cell transformation in vitro and tumor formation in mice, whereas inhibition of SERTAD3 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) results in a reduction in cell growth rate. Furthermore, luciferase assays based on E2F-1 binding indicate that SERTAD3 increases the activity of E2F, which is reduced by inhibition of SERTAD3 by siRNA. Together, our data support that SERTAD3 contributes to oncogenesis, at least in part, via an E2F-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Darwish
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and Segal Comprehensive Cancer Center of the Sir Mortimer B Davis Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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13
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Karhu R, Mahlamäki E, Kallioniemi A. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma -- genetic portrait from chromosomes to microarrays. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2006; 45:721-30. [PMID: 16688744 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is the fifth leading cause of cancer death with a 5-year survival rate of less than 5%. Although the role of a few known oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in the development of pancreatic cancer is fairly well established, it is obvious that the majority of genetic changes responsible for the initiation and progression of this disease are still unknown. In this review, the authors will discuss the results from various genome-wide screening efforts, from traditional chromosome analyses to modern DNA microarray studies, which have provided an enormous amount of information on genetic alterations in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Exciting findings have emerged from these studies, highlighting multiple potential chromosomal regions that may harbor novel cancer genes involved in the molecular pathogenesis of this lethal disorder. These findings complete the picture of pancreatic adenocarcinoma as a genetically highly complex and heterogeneous tumor type with an ongoing instability process. In addition, the precisely localized copy number changes offer a valuable starting point for further studies required to identify the genes involved and to characterize their potential functional role in the development and progression of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritva Karhu
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Medical Technology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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14
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Li J, Muscarella P, Joo SH, Knobloch TJ, Melvin WS, Weghorst CM, Tsai MD. Dissection of CDK4-binding and transactivation activities of p34(SEI-1) and comparison between functions of p34(SEI-1) and p16(INK4A). Biochemistry 2006; 44:13246-56. [PMID: 16201750 DOI: 10.1021/bi0504658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies showed that p34(SEI-1), also known as TRIP-Br1 or SEI-1, plays a dual role in the regulation of cell-cycle progression. It exhibits the transactivation activity and regulates a number of genes required for G1/S transition, while it also binds and activates cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) independent of the inhibitory activity of p16. The goals of this paper are to further dissect the two roles and to compare the functions between SEI-1 and p16. (i) Yeast one-hybrid-based random mutagenesis was first used to identify a number of SEI-1 residues important for LexA-mediated transactivation, including residues L51, K52, L53, H54, L57, and L69 located within the heptad repeat (residues 30-88), a domain required for LexA-mediated transactivation, and two residues M219 and L228 at the C-terminal segment that contributes to transactivation through modulating the heptad repeat. (ii) The functional significance of these residues was further confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis. It was also shown that the heptad repeat-involving transactivation is distinct from the well-known acidic region-involving transactivation. (iii) Yeast two-hybrid-based binding analysis was made possible with the transactivation-negative SEI-1 mutants, and the results showed that some of such mutants retain full ability to bind and activate CDK4. (iv) Site-specific mutants of CDK4 were used to show that there are notable differences among SEI-1, p16, and cyclin D2 in binding to CDK4. (v) The expression levels of SEI-1 and p16 were compared in 32 tumor specimens of human squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. The results indicate that SEI-1 was consistently overexpressed, while p16 was consistently underexpressed. These results provide important information on the molecular mechanism of the functions of SEI-1 and on the comparison between SEI-1 and p16 at both molecular and cellular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junan Li
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
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15
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Sasajima Y, Tanaka H, Miyake S, Yuasa Y. A novel EID family member, EID-3, inhibits differentiation and forms a homodimer or heterodimer with EID-2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 333:969-75. [PMID: 15970276 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2005] [Accepted: 06/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The EID family members, i.e., E1A-like inhibitor of differentiation-1 (EID-1) and EID-1-like inhibitor of differentiation-2 (EID-2), were identified as negative regulators of cellular differentiation. EID-1 seems to inhibit differentiation by blocking histone acetyltransferase activity and EID-2 possibly inhibits differentiation through binding to class I histone deacetylases (HDACs). Here, we report a novel inhibitor of differentiation exhibiting homology with EID-2 termed EID-3 (EID-2-like inhibitor of differentiation-3). Like EID-2, EID-3 inhibited MyoD- and GRalpha-dependent transcription and blocked muscle differentiation in cultured cells by binding to class I HDACs. Unlike that of EID-2, the C-terminus, but not the N-terminus, of EID-3 was required for nuclear localization. EID-3 formed a homodimer or heterodimer with EID-2. These results suggest that EID-3 inhibits differentiation by blocking transcription as a complex in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Sasajima
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
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16
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Tang DJ, Hu L, Xie D, Wu QL, Fang Y, Zeng Y, Sham JST, Guan XY. Oncogenic Transformation by SEI-1 Is Associated with Chromosomal Instability. Cancer Res 2005; 65:6504-8. [PMID: 16061626 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-0351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Amplification of SEI-1, a cell cycle regulatory gene at 19q13.1, is commonly detected in ovarian cancer, suggesting a role in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer. In the present study, the oncogenic potential of SEI-1 was shown by anchorage-independent growth and tumor formation in nude mice with SEI-1-transfected NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblast cells. Silencing of SEI-1 gene expression by small interfering RNAs in ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 could inhibit cell growth as well as colony formation on soft agar. Chromosomal alterations including the formation of double minutes were observed in tumor cells derived from SEI-1-transformed NIH 3T3 cells. Micronulei formation, which is an indicator of nuclear abnormality and genomic instability, was markedly increased in SEI-1-transfected cells. These data suggest that the oncogenic role of SEI-1 might be mediated at least in part via an effect on genomic instability. Furthermore, overexpression of SEI-1 was associated with higher tumor grades and late Fesddration Internationale des Gynaecologistes et Obstetristes (FIGO) stages in ovarian carcinomas. These data strongly suggest that SEI-1 plays an important role in the development and progression of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Jiang Tang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong Medical Center, Hong Kong SAR, China
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17
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Zhu J, Abbruzzese JL, Izzo J, Hittelman WN, Li D. AURKA amplification, chromosome instability, and centrosome abnormality in human pancreatic carcinoma cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 159:10-7. [PMID: 15860351 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2004.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2004] [Revised: 09/13/2004] [Accepted: 09/13/2004] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
To test the hypothesis that AURKA amplification contributes to pancreatic tumorigenesis by increasing centrosome abnormality and chromosome instability, the current study explored the associations between AURKA amplification, chromosome instability, centrosome abnormality, and the expression of several important proteins that are involved in cell proliferation (Ki-67), cell cycle regulation (p53, p16), and apoptosis (survivin) in 12 human pancreatic carcinoma cell lines. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), we observed that 5 of the 12 cell lines had an AURKA amplification index (AI) (percentage of cells with more than three signals) >60%. Both the AURKA AI and the average number of signals per cell (ANSPC) were significantly associated with the copy number of chromosome 9 but not chromosome 17. The AURKA ANSPC was positively associated with the percentage of cells with the centrosome abnormality. Furthermore, centrosome abnormality was significantly associated with the frequency of cells with abnormal nuclei and abnormal mitotic figures, but no direct association was detected between the frequency of centrosome abnormalities and chromosome instabilities. The AURKA AI was also associated with a lower expression of Ki-67, a higher expression of survivin, and the lack of expression of p16. These associations support our hypothesis that AURKA amplification contributes to pancreatic carcinogenesis by increasing chromosome instability and centrosome abnormality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jijiang Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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18
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Floridia G, Grilli G, Salvatore M, Pescucci C, Moore PS, Scarpa A, Taruscio D. Chromosomal alterations detected by comparative genomic hybridization in nonfunctioning endocrine pancreatic tumors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 156:23-30. [PMID: 15588852 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2004.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2004] [Revised: 04/08/2004] [Accepted: 04/20/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We have used comparative genomic hybridization to investigate changes in DNA copy number in 20 nonfunctioning endocrine pancreatic tumors. The total number of regional DNA imbalances per tumor showed variation from case to case and high genetic heterogeneity was observed. From 1 to 22 chromosomal anomalies were detected in 13 of the 20 cases evaluated. Overall gains predominated over losses with a ratio of about 3.9:1 (58 gains/15 losses). The mean total number of regions displaying imbalances increased from 1.25 per tumor for benign tumors to 5.25 for malignant tumors, although statistical significance was not reached (P=0.074).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Floridia
- Centro Nazionale Malattie Rare, Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e Neuroscienze, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299 00161 Rome, Italy
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19
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Zielinski B, Gratias S, Toedt G, Mendrzyk F, Stange DE, Radlwimmer B, Lohmann DR, Lichter P. Detection of chromosomal imbalances in retinoblastoma by matrix-based comparative genomic hybridization. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2005; 43:294-301. [PMID: 15834944 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic hallmark of retinoblastoma is mutation or deletion of the RB1 gene, whereas other genetic alterations that are also required are largely unknown. To screen for genomic imbalances on a genomewide level, we studied a series of 17 primary retinoblastomas by matrix-based comparative genomic hybridization (matrix-CGH). The matrix-CGH chip contained 6,000 immobilized genomic DNA fragments covering the human genome, with an average resolution of about 500 kb. The most frequent imbalances detected were gains on chromosome arms 1q (12 of 17), 6p (10 of 17), 2p (5 of 17), and 19q (4 of 17) and loss on 16q (7 of 17). Candidate regions could be narrowed to small intervals by the identified minimally overlapping regions on 1q22, 1q32.1q32.2, 2p24.1, and 6p21.33-p21.31. Furthermore, two as-yet-unknown high-level amplifications were detected, each in a single patient, on chromosome bands 1p34.2 and 1p33. Thus, this study identified new chromosomal regions and therefore potential candidate genes that may play a role in retinoblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Zielinski
- German Cancer Research Center, Division of Molecular Genetics, Heidelberg, Germany
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20
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Mahlamäki EH, Kauraniemi P, Monni O, Wolf M, Hautaniemi S, Kallioniemi A. High-resolution genomic and expression profiling reveals 105 putative amplification target genes in pancreatic cancer. Neoplasia 2004; 6:432-9. [PMID: 15548351 PMCID: PMC1550328 DOI: 10.1593/neo.04130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2004] [Revised: 03/02/2004] [Accepted: 02/03/2004] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) studies have provided a wealth of information on common copy number aberrations in pancreatic cancer, but the genes affected by these aberrations are largely unknown. To identify putative amplification target genes in pancreatic cancer, we performed a parallel copy number and expression survey in 13 pancreatic cancer cell lines using a 12,232-clone cDNA microarray, providing an average resolution of 300 kb throughout the human genome. CGH on cDNA microarray allowed highly accurate mapping of copy number increases and resulted in identification of 24 independent amplicons, ranging in size from 130 kb to 11 Mb. Statistical evaluation of gene copy number and expression data across all 13 cell lines revealed a set of 105 genes whose elevated expression levels were directly attributable to increased copy number. These included genes previously reported to be amplified in cancer as well as several novel targets for copy number alterations, such as p21-activated kinase 4 (PAK4), which was previously shown to be involved in cell migration, cell adhesion, and anchorage-independent growth. In conclusion, our results implicate a set of 105 genes that is likely to be actively involved in the development and progression of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eija H Mahlamäki
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Päivikki Kauraniemi
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Outi Monni
- Biomedicum Biochip Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maija Wolf
- Medical Biotechnology Group, VTT Technical Research Center of Finland and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sampsa Hautaniemi
- Institute of Signal Processing, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anne Kallioniemi
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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21
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Li J, Melvin WS, Tsai MD, Muscarella P. The nuclear protein p34SEI-1 regulates the kinase activity of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 in a concentration-dependent manner. Biochemistry 2004; 43:4394-9. [PMID: 15065884 DOI: 10.1021/bi035601s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that p34(SEI-1), also known as TRIP-Br1, is involved in cell cycle regulations by interacting with a number of important proteins including CDK4. However, the detailed mechanism and structural basis of the interaction remains to be determined. We report the use of in vitro studies to address these problems. First, it was shown that p34(SEI-1) binds to CDK4 directly, and the binding does not compete directly with p16. In the presence of p16, a quaternary complex is formed between p34(SEI-1), CDK4, cyclin D2, and p16. Second, it was found that p34(SEI-1) activates the kinase activity of CDK4 at lower concentrations (reaching the maximum at 500 nM) but inhibits the same activity at higher concentrations, implying that p34(SEI-1)-mediated CDK4 activation is dose-dependent. Again, the effects of p34(SEI-1) and p16 are independent of each other. Third, it was shown that p34(SEI-1) possesses a LexA-mediated transactivation activity. Finally, a set of truncation mutants were used to dissect the structural elements responsible for the different functions of p34(SEI-1). The results indicate that the fragment 30-160 can bind, activate, and inhibit CDK4; the fragment 30-132 can bind and activate but does not inhibit CDK4, while the fragment 30-88 cannot bind, activate, or inhibit but retains the LexA-mediated transactivation activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junan Li
- Surgery Department, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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22
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Ohashi Y, Kaneko SJ, Cupples TE, Young SR. Ubiquinol cytochrome c reductase (UQCRFS1) gene amplification in primary breast cancer core biopsy samples. Gynecol Oncol 2004; 93:54-8. [PMID: 15047214 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2004.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2003] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The ubiquinol cytochrome c reductase UQCRFS1 is a key subunit of the cytochrome bc1 complex (complex III) of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the significance of the ubiquinol cytochrome c reductase UQCRFS1 gene amplification in primary breast cancers. METHODS Samples were obtained from image-guided core needle biopsies (CNB) in 40 patients with nontreated breast cancers. To examine UQCRFS1 gene amplification, we employed fluorescent in situ hybridization using BACs RP11-46I12 that harbors UQCRFS1 gene, RP11-110J19 that overlaps to RP11-46I12, and CA125 as a control gene. The amplification data were evaluated blindly of histopathological factors. RESULTS Amplification of UQCRFS1 gene was found in 5 of 39 specimens (12.8%). The specimens with amplified UQCRFS1 gene were associated with high grade of cancer cells (P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the UQCRFS1 gene appears to be involved in development of more aggressive phenotype of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Ohashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29203, USA
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23
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Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is an almost universally fatal disease, with a five-year survival rate of 5%. Research into both sporadic and inherited forms of pancreatic cancer has yielded tremendous advances in the understanding of this disease at the molecular level. Elucidating genetic alterations in pancreatic cancer has identified various abnormalities ranging from gross chromosomal abnormalities to point mutations, many of which influence the development and progression of pancreatic cancer. Identifying precursor lesions within pancreatic ducts has led to the formulation of a progression model of pancreatic cancer and subsequent identification of early- and late-stage changes leading to invasive cancer. Ultimately, understanding the genetic events underlying the development of pancreatic cancer may serve as a useful adjunct in the screening and treatment of patients suffering from, or at risk for, pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna E Hansel
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA.
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24
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Zhang LH, Qin LX, Ma ZC, Ye SL, Liu YK, Ye QH, Wu X, Huang W, Tang ZY. Allelic imbalance regions on chromosomes 8p, 17p and 19p related to metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma: comparison between matched primary and metastatic lesions in 22 patients by genome-wide microsatellite analysis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2003; 129:279-86. [PMID: 12734753 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-002-0407-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2002] [Accepted: 11/19/2002] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To understand the molecular mechanisms of metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), it is necessary to identify the accumulating genetic alterations during its progression as well as those responsible for the acquisition of metastatic potential in cancer cells. In our previous study, using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), we found that loss on chromosome 8p is more frequent in metastatic lesions than in matched primary tumors of HCC. Thus, 8p deletion might contribute to HCC metastasis. To narrow the location of metastasis-related alteration regions, we analyzed 22 primary and matched metastatic lesions of HCC by genome-wide microsatellite analysis. Common regions with high levels of allelic imbalance (AI) were identified on 17p, 8p11-cen, 8p21-23, 4q32-qter, 4q13-23, 16q, and 1p33. Regions with increased AI in metastatic lesions were 8p23.3, 8p11.2, 17p11.2-13.3, 4q21-22, 4q32-qter, 8q24.1, 9p11, 9q31, 11q23.1, 13q14.1-31, 13q32-qter, 16p13.3, 16q13, 16q22, and 19p13.1, and these were considered to be related to the metastasis phenotype. Among them, loss on 8p was again proved to be related to progression and metastasis of HCC, and 8p23.3 and 8p11.2 were two likely regions harboring metastasis-related genes. It was also shown for the first time in HCC that AI of 19p13.1 might also be related to metastatic potential. These results provide some candidate regions for further study to identify putative genes suppressing metastasis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Hai Zhang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Fudan University, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, 200032, Shanghai, China
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25
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Neville PJ, Conti DV, Krumroy LM, Catalona WJ, Suarez BK, Witte JS, Casey G. Prostate cancer aggressiveness locus on chromosome segment 19q12-q13.1 identified by linkage and allelic imbalance studies. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2003; 36:332-9. [PMID: 12619157 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.10165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole-genome scan studies recently identified a locus on chromosome segments 19q12-q13.11 linked to prostate tumor aggressiveness by use of the Gleason score as a quantitative trait. We have now completed finer-scale linkage mapping across this region that confirmed and narrowed the candidate region to 2 cM, with a peak between markers D19S875 and D19S433. We also performed allelic imbalance (AI) studies across this region in primary prostate tumors from 52 patients unselected for family history or disease status. A high level of AI was observed, with the highest rates at markers D19S875 (56%) and D19S433 (60%). Furthermore, these two markers defined a smallest common region of AI of 0.8 Mb, with 15 (29%) prostate tumors displaying interstitial AI involving one or both markers. In addition, we noted a positive association between AI at marker D19S875 and extension of tumor beyond the margin (P = 0.02) as well as a higher Gleason score (P = 0.06). These data provide strong evidence that we have mapped a prostate tumor aggressiveness locus to chromosome segments 19q12-q13.11 that may play a role in both familial and non-familial forms of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillippa J Neville
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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26
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Cheetham GMT, Knegtel RMA, Coll JT, Renwick SB, Swenson L, Weber P, Lippke JA, Austen DA. Crystal structure of aurora-2, an oncogenic serine/threonine kinase. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:42419-22. [PMID: 12237287 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c200426200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aurora-2 is a key member of a closely related subgroup of serine/threonine kinases that plays important roles in the completion of essential mitotic events. Aurora-2 is oncogenic and amplified in various human cancers and could be an important therapeutic target for inhibitory molecules that would disrupt the cell cycle and block proliferation. We report the first crystal structure of Aurora-2 kinase in complex with adenosine. Analysis of residues in the active site suggests differences with structurally and biologically related protein kinases. The activation loop, which contains residues specific to the Aurora family of kinases, has a unique conformation. These results provide valuable insight into the design of selective and highly potent ATP-competitive inhibitors of the Aurora kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham M T Cheetham
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Europe) Ltd., 88 Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RY, United Kingdom.
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27
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Heidenblad M, Jonson T, Mahlamäki EH, Gorunova L, Karhu R, Johansson B, Höglund M. Detailed genomic mapping and expression analyses of 12p amplifications in pancreatic carcinomas reveal a 3.5-Mb target region for amplification. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2002; 34:211-23. [PMID: 11979555 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.10063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous cytogenetic and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) analyses have shown that the gain of chromosome arm 12p is frequent in pancreatic carcinomas. We investigated 15 pancreatic carcinoma cell lines using CGH, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to characterize 12p amplifications in detail. The CGH analysis revealed gains of 12p in four of the cell lines and local amplification within 12p11-12 in six cell lines. By FISH analysis, using precisely mapped YAC clones, the commonly amplified region was found to be approximately 5 Mb. The amplified segment extended from YAC 753f12, covering the KRAS2 locus, to YAC 891f1, close to the centromere. A semiquantitative PCR methodology was used to estimate genomic copy numbers of 14 precisely mapped expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and sequence-tagged sites, located within this interval. The level of amplification ranged from two- to 12-fold. The produced gene copy profiles revealed a 3.5-Mb segment with various local amplifications. This region includes KRAS2 and ranges from D12S1617 to sts-N38796. Two of the cell lines (primary and metastatic tumor from the same patient) showed amplification peaks within the distal region of this segment, two had peaks within the proximal region, one showed subpeaks in both regions, and one displayed amplification of the entire region. Chromosome segment-specific cDNA array analysis of 29 expressed sequences within the whole interval between D12S1617 and sts-N38796 indicated overexpression of four ESTs, two corresponding to DEC2 and PPFIBP1, and two to ESTs with unknown function. Expression analysis of these and of KRAS2 showed specific overexpression in the six cell lines with local 12p amplifications. These findings indicate two target regions within the 3.5-Mb segment in 12p11-12, one proximal including PPFIBP1, and one distal including KRAS2.
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28
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Alvarez S, MacGrogan D, Calasanz MJ, Nimer SD, Jhanwar SC. Frequent gain of chromosome 19 in megakaryoblastic leukemias detected by comparative genomic hybridization. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2001; 32:285-93. [PMID: 11579469 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.1192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute megakaryocytic leukemia is a rare subtype of AML that is often difficult to diagnose; it is most commonly associated with Down syndrome in children. To identify chromosomal imbalances and rearrangements associated with acute megakaryocytic leukemia, we used G-banding, comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), and whole chromosome painting (WCP) on a variety of primary patients' samples and leukemia cell lines. The most common abnormality was gain of chromosome 19 or arm 19q, which was detected by CGH in four of 12 (33.3%) primary samples and nine of 11 (81.8%) cell lines. In none of the primary samples was this abnormality detected by G-banding analysis. WCP was used to define further the nature of the chromosome 19 gain in the cell lines, which was found to be due to the presence of additional 19q material on marker chromosomes or to cryptic translocations involving 19q. The most common chromosomal loss--detected only in the cell lines--was deletion of chromosomal band 13q14, which was seen in six of 11 (54.5%) cell lines. Other recurrent changes included gains of 1p, 6p, 8q, 11q, 15q, 17q, and 21q and losses of 2, 4q, 5q, 7q, 9p, and 11p. Combining conventional and molecular cytogenetic analyses defined recurrent clonal chromosomal abnormalities, which will aid in the identification of critical genes that are abnormal in acute megakaryocytic leukemia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Alvarez
- Laboratory of Molecular Aspects of Hematopoiesis, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, New York 10021, USA
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29
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El-Rifai W, Rutherford S, Knuutila S, Frierson HF, Moskaluk CA. Novel DNA copy number losses in chromosome 12q12--q13 in adenoid cystic carcinoma. Neoplasia 2001; 3:173-8. [PMID: 11494110 PMCID: PMC1505590 DOI: 10.1038/sj.neo.7900158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2001] [Accepted: 03/22/2001] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to find common genetic abnormalities that may identify loci of genes involved in the development of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), we investigated DNA copy number changes in 24 of these tumors by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). Our results indicate that unlike many carcinomas, ACCs have relatively few changes in DNA copy number overall. Twenty tumors had DNA copy number changes, which were mostly restricted to a few chromosomal arms. A frequent novel finding was the loss of DNA copy number in chromosome 12q (eight tumors, 33%) with the minimal common overlapping region at 12q12--q13. Deletion in this region has not been reported to be frequent in other types of cancer analyzed by CGH. In addition, deletions in 6q23-qter and 13q21--q22 and gains of chromosome 19 were observed in 25% to 38% of ACCs. Deletion of 19q, previously reported in a small series of ACC, was not identified in the current group of carcinomas. The current CGH results for chromosomes 12 and 19 were confirmed by microsatellite allelotyping. These results indicate that DNA copy number losses in 12q may be important in the oncogenesis of ACC and suggest that the 12q12--q13 region may harbor a new tumor-suppressor gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- W El-Rifai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, 22908-0708, USA.
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30
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Sowery RD, Jensen C, Morrison KB, Horsman DE, Sorensen PH, Webber EM. Comparative genomic hybridization detects multiple chromosomal amplifications and deletions in undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001; 126:128-33. [PMID: 11376805 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(00)00404-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma (UES) is the third most common hepatic malignancy in children. Previous reports have described a broad range of complex cytogenetic abnormalities in individual cases of hepatic UES. Herein we report the cytogenetic findings of six cases of hepatic UES at our institution analyzed by conventional cytogenetic methods and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). The CGH demonstrated several chromosomal gains and deletions in each case, but there was no specific abnormality seen in every case. Patterns of chromosomal changes included gains of chromosome 1q (four cases), 5p (four cases), 6q (four cases), 8p (three cases), and 12q (three cases), and losses of chromosome 9p (two cases), 11p (two cases), and chromosome 14 (three cases). The three cases in which CGH showed gains in the 12q region were studied specifically for amplifications of MDM2 and CDK4, two genes that have been shown to be amplified in other soft tissue sarcomas. However, Southern analysis showed no amplification of MDM2 or CDK4 in these three cases. Further analysis will be needed to determine the critical events in the pathogenesis of these malignant pediatric liver tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Sowery
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, A242 4480 Oak St., V6H 3V4, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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31
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Hopfner R, Mousli M, Garnier JM, Redon R, du Manoir S, Chatton B, Ghyselinck N, Oudet P, Bronner C. Genomic structure and chromosomal mapping of the gene coding for ICBP90, a protein involved in the regulation of the topoisomerase IIalpha gene expression. Gene 2001; 266:15-23. [PMID: 11290415 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(01)00371-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We have recently identified a novel CCAAT box binding protein (ICBP90) involved in the regulation of topoisomerase IIalpha gene expression. We have observed that it is expressed in non-tumoral proliferating human lung fibroblast cells whereas in HeLa cells, a tumoral cell line, ICBP90 was still present even when cells were at confluence. In the present study, we have determined the ICBP90 gene structure by screening of a human placenta genomic library and PCR analysis. We report that the ICBP90 gene spans about 35.8 kb and contains six coding exons named A to F. In the 5' upstream sequence of the region containing the coding exons, two additional exons (I and II) were found. Additionally, an internal splicing site was found in exon A. A promoter region, including three putative Sp1 binding sites between exons I and A, was identified by transient transfection. Northern blot analysis of several cancer cell lines revealed the existence of two ICBP90 mRNA species of 5.1 and 4.3 kb that are transcribed from the gene. The relative amounts of these mRNAs depended on the cell type. In MOLT-4 cells and Burkitt's lymphoma Raji cells, the 4.3 kb or the 5.1 kb transcripts were mainly observed, respectively. In other cell lines, such as HL-60 cells, chronic myelogenous leukaemia K-562, lung carcinoma A549, HeLa or colorectal SW480, both 4.3 and 5.1 kb forms of ICBP90 mRNA could be detected. Interestingly, western blot analysis showed several ICBP90 protein bands in HeLa but only a single band in MOLT-4 cell extracts. Taken together our results are consistent with the ICBP90 gene exhibiting alternative splicing and promoter usage in a cell-specific manner.
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MESH Headings
- Alternative Splicing
- Animals
- Antigens, Neoplasm
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Northern
- CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins/genetics
- COS Cells
- Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase/genetics
- Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase/metabolism
- Chromosome Mapping
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19/genetics
- DNA/chemistry
- DNA/genetics
- DNA/isolation & purification
- DNA Topoisomerases, Type II/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins
- Exons
- Gene Expression
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
- Genes/genetics
- HL-60 Cells
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Introns
- Isoenzymes/genetics
- K562 Cells
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hopfner
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale/Université Louis Pasteur, Communauté Urbaine de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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32
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Schleger C, Arens N, Zentgraf H, Bleyl U, Verbeke C. Identification of frequent chromosomal aberrations in ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). J Pathol 2000; 191:27-32. [PMID: 10767715 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9896(200005)191:1<27::aid-path582>3.0.co;2-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Despite the continuous progress in molecular methodology, the genetic events involved in the initiation and progression of ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas remain largely unknown. In this study, 33 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas were screened for genomic alterations by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). To date, most CGH studies of pancreatic cancer have been based on cell lines. To emphasize genetic imbalances that are involved in the in vivo development and progression of pancreatic carcinoma only fresh-frozen or paraffin-embedded tumour samples were analysed in the present study. Twenty-two tumours (67%) showed genomic alterations involving up to three (12%) or more (55%) chromosomal regions. The number and nature of the genetic imbalances did not, however, correlate with tumour stage or grade. Chromosome 18 was preferentially altered in the tumours analysed. Frequent chromosomal losses were found at 18q, 10q, 8p, and 13q. Commonly gained regions were located on 8q and 3q. Moreover, high copy number amplifications of the chromosomal regions 5p, 8q22-ter, 12p12-cen, 19q12-13.2, and 20q were identified. These data provide evidence for the occurrence of characteristic genomic alterations which are of biological relevance for the genesis of pancreatic cancer. The identified altered chromosomal regions may harbour tumour genes which involved in the multistep process of pancreatic carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Schleger
- Pathologisches Universitätsinstitut Mannheim, Germany
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33
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Armengol G, Knuutila S, Lluís F, Capellà G, Miró R, Caballín MR. DNA copy number changes and evaluation of MYC, IGF1R, and FES amplification in xenografts of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 2000; 116:133-41. [PMID: 10640145 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(99)00118-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed eight samples of xenografted human pancreatic tumors and two metastases developed in mice by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). The most recurrent changes were: gains on chromosomes 8 (8q24-qter; 7/8 cases), 15 (15q25-q26; 6/8 cases), 16 (16p in 6/8 cases; 16q in 5/8 cases), 20 (20q; 6/8 cases), and 19 (19q; 5/8 cases); and losses on chromosomes 18 (18q21; 6/8 cases), 6 (6q16-q21 and 6q24-qter; 5/8 cases each), and 9 (9p23-pter; 5/8 cases). The two metastases maintained the aberrations of the original pancreatic tumor plus gain of 11q12-q13 and 22q. Loss of heterozygosity analysis was carried out for 10p14-pter, a region that was lost in 3/8 samples. All of them presented allelic imbalance for all the informative loci. Fluorescence in situ hybridization and Southern analysis were performed to test some candidate oncogenes in 8q24 (MYC) and 15q25-qter (IGF1R and FES). Two of seven tumors showed high-level amplification of MYC relative to the centromere (> 3-fold), another two tumors had low-level amplification (1.5- to 3.0-fold), and one displayed 5.5 MYC signals/cell. In relation to the FES gene, low-level amplification was found in three tumors. Southern analysis showed five cases with a low-level amplification of IGF1R. Our data suggest that either few extra gene copies may be enough for cancer progression or other genes located in these regions are responsible for the amplifications found by CGH.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Armengol
- Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
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34
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Huntsman DG, Chin SF, Muleris M, Batley SJ, Collins VP, Wiedemann LM, Aparicio S, Caldas C. MLL2, the second human homolog of the Drosophila trithorax gene, maps to 19q13.1 and is amplified in solid tumor cell lines. Oncogene 1999; 18:7975-84. [PMID: 10637508 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1203291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The Mixed Lineage Leukemia (MLL) gene is commonly involved in translocations in infantile leukemia and is amplified in some cases of adult myeloid leukemia. A homolog of MLL denoted MLL2, which represents the second human homolog of the Drosophila trithorax gene, was characterized by assembling ESTs, the KIAA0304 cDNA clone, RT - PCR fragments and a new clone isolated from a cDNA phage library and compared to the available genomic sequence. The MLL2 gene maps to 19q13.1, a region of frequent rearrangement or amplification in solid tumors. MLL2 consists of an 8.5 - 9 kb transcript and spans 20 kb of genomic DNA. The predicted MLL2 protein possesses all of the major domains defined in MLL and the two genes have a similar genomic structure. We find that MLL2 is amplified in two of 14 pancreatic carcinoma cell lines and one of five glioblastoma cell lines and is a likely critical gene in 19q13.1 amplifications. It is also a candidate for chromosomal rearrangements involving this chromosome locus. MLL2 is one additional mammalian trithorax-group gene with involvement in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Huntsman
- CRC Department of Oncology and Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust-MRC Building, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2XY, UK
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35
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Giet R, Prigent C. Aurora/Ipl1p-related kinases, a new oncogenic family of mitotic serine-threonine kinases. J Cell Sci 1999; 112 ( Pt 21):3591-601. [PMID: 10523496 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.112.21.3591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
During the past five years, a growing number of serine-threonine kinases highly homologous to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ipl1p kinase have been isolated in various organisms. A Drosophila melanogaster homologue, aurora, was the first to be isolated from a multicellular organism. Since then, several related kinases have been found in mammalian cells. They localise to the mitotic apparatus: in the centrosome, at the poles of the bipolar spindle or in the midbody. The kinases are necessary for completion of mitotic events such as centrosome separation, bipolar spindle assembly and chromosome segregation. Extensive research is now focusing on these proteins because the three human homologues are overexpressed in various primary cancers. Furthermore, overexpression of one of these kinases transforms cells. Because of the myriad of kinases identified, we suggest a generic name: Aurora/Ipl1p-related kinase (AIRK). We denote AIRKs with a species prefix and a number, e.g. HsAIRK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Giet
- CNRS UPR41| Université de Rennes I, Groupe Cycle Cellulaire, Faculté de Médecine, CS 34317, France
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36
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Stanley PE, Kricka LJ. Fluorescence in situ hybridization: 1998. LUMINESCENCE 1999; 14:221-30. [PMID: 10441053 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1522-7243(199907/08)14:4<221::aid-bio546>3.0.co;2-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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37
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Su GH, Hruban RH, Bansal RK, Bova GS, Tang DJ, Shekher MC, Westerman AM, Entius MM, Goggins M, Yeo CJ, Kern SE. Germline and somatic mutations of the STK11/LKB1 Peutz-Jeghers gene in pancreatic and biliary cancers. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 1999; 154:1835-40. [PMID: 10362809 PMCID: PMC1866632 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)65440-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is an autosomal-dominant disorder characterized by hamartomatous polyps in the gastrointestinal tract and by pigmented macules of the lips, buccal mucosa, and digits. Less appreciated is the fact that PJS also predisposes patients to an increased risk of gastrointestinal cancer, and pancreatic cancer has been reported in many PJS patients. It was recently shown that germline mutations of the STK11/LKB1 gene are responsible for PJS. We investigated the role of STK11/LKB1 in the development of pancreatic and biliary cancer in patients with and without the PJS. In a PJS patient having a germline splice site mutation in the STK11/LKB1 gene, sequencing analysis of an intestinal polyp and pancreatic cancer from this patient revealed loss of the wild-type allele of the STK11/LKB1 gene in the cancer. Inactivation of STK11/LKB1, by homozygous deletions or somatic sequence mutations coupled with loss of heterozygosity, was also demonstrated in 4-6% of 127 sporadic pancreatic and biliary adenocarcinomas. Our results demonstrate that germline and somatic genetic alterations of the STK11/LKB1 gene may play a causal role in carcinogenesis and that the same gene contributes to the development of both sporadic and familial forms of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- G H Su
- Departments of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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38
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Magnani I, Chiariello E, Conti AM, Finocchiaro G. A recurrent 19q11-12 breakpoint suggested by cytogenetic and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of three glioblastoma cell lines. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1999; 110:82-6. [PMID: 10214354 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(98)00190-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Loss of genetic material at chromosome 19 is a rather frequent finding in malignant gliomas. Loss of heterozygosity at region 19q13.3 is common in oligodendrogliomas and is also present, together with other genetic alterations on the same chromosome, in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Here we describe the results of cytogenetic and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis on three GBM cell lines in which a series of complex chromosomal rearrangements affecting chromosome 19 were present. These genetic alterations suggest the presence of a common breakpoint at 19q11-12 which may point to the localization of a fragile site and/or to the presence of tumor suppressor gene(s) in the pericentromeric region of chromosome 19.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Magnani
- Department of Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Milan, Italy
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39
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Kimura M, Matsuda Y, Yoshioka T, Okano Y. Cell cycle-dependent expression and centrosome localization of a third human aurora/Ipl1-related protein kinase, AIK3. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:7334-40. [PMID: 10066797 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.11.7334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We earlier isolated cDNAs encoding novel human protein kinases AIK and AIK2 sharing high amino acid sequence identities with Drosophila Aurora and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ipl1 kinases whose mutations cause abnormal chromosome segregation. In the present study, a third human cDNA (AIK3) highly homologous to aurora/IPL1 was isolated, and the nucleotide sequence was determined. This cDNA encodes 309 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 35.9 kDa. C-terminal kinase domain of AIK3 protein shares high amino acid sequence identities with those of Aurora/Ipl1 family protein kinases including human AIK, human AIK2, Xenopus pEg2, Drosophila Aurora, and yeast Ipl1, whereas the N-terminal domain of AIK3 protein shares little homology with any other Aurora/Ipl1 family members. AIK3 gene was assigned to human chromosome 19q13.43, which is a frequently deleted or rearranged region in several tumor tissues, by fluorescence in situ hybridization, somatic cell hybrid panel, and radiation hybrid cell panel. Northern blot analyses revealed that AIK3 expression was limited to testis. The expression levels of AIK3 in several cancer cell lines were elevated severalfold compared with normal fibroblasts. In HeLa cells, the endogenous AIK3 protein level is low in G1/S, accumulates during G2/M, and reduces after mitosis. Immunofluorescence studies using a specific antibody have shown that AIK3 is localized to centrosome during mitosis from anaphase to cytokinesis. These results suggest that AIK3 may play a role(s) in centrosome function at later stages of mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kimura
- Department of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Gifu University School of Medicine, Tsukasamachi-40, Gifu 500-8705, Japan
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40
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Ghadimi BM, Schröck E, Walker RL, Wangsa D, Jauho A, Meltzer PS, Ried T. Specific chromosomal aberrations and amplification of the AIB1 nuclear receptor coactivator gene in pancreatic carcinomas. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 1999; 154:525-36. [PMID: 10027410 PMCID: PMC1850008 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)65298-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/1998] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
To screen pancreatic carcinomas for chromosomal aberrations we have applied molecular cytogenetic techniques, including fluorescent in situ hybridization, comparative genomic hybridization, and spectral karyotyping to a series of nine established cell lines. Comparative genomic hybridization revealed recurring chromosomal gains on chromosome arms 3q, 5p, 7p, 8q, 12p, and 20q. Chromosome losses were mapped to chromosome arms 8p, 9p, 17p, 18q, 19p, and chromosome 21. The comparison with comparative genomic hybridization data from primary pancreatic tumors indicates that a specific pattern of chromosomal copy number changes is maintained in cell culture. Metaphase chromosomes from six cell lines were analyzed by spectral karyotyping, a technique that allows one to visualize all chromosomes simultaneously in different colors. Spectral karyotyping identified multiple chromosomal rearrangements, the majority of which were unbalanced. No recurring reciprocal translocation was detected. Cytogenetic aberrations were confirmed using fluorescent in situ hybridization with probes for the MDR gene and the tumor suppressor genes p16 and DCC. Copy number increases on chromosome 20q were validated with a probe specific for the nuclear receptor coactivator AIB1 that maps to chromosome 20q12. Amplification of this gene was identified in six of nine pancreatic cancer cell lines and correlated with increased expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Ghadimi
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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41
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Bernard M, Sanseau P, Henry C, Couturier A, Prigent C. Cloning of STK13, a third human protein kinase related to Drosophila aurora and budding yeast Ipl1 that maps on chromosome 19q13.3-ter. Genomics 1998; 53:406-9. [PMID: 9799611 DOI: 10.1006/geno.1998.5522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This report describes the identification of a cDNA encoding STK13, a third human protein kinase related to the Drosophila Aurora and the budding yeast Ipl1 kinases. After screening of a human placental cDNA library with a Xenopus laevis cDNA encoding the pEg2 protein kinase and 5' RACE on testis mRNA, a full-length cDNA was isolated. The chromosomal localization of STK13 on 19q13.3-ter between the markers D19S210 and D19S218 was established by a combination of somatic cell and radiation hybrid panel PCR screening. The localization of STK13 on human chromosome 19 was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using a genomic clone containing STK13 as a probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bernard
- Département de Biologie et Génétique du Développement, Groupe Cycle Cellulaire, CNRS UPR 41, Rennes Cedex, 35042, France
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42
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Gorunova L, Höglund M, Andrén-Sandberg A, Dawiskiba S, Jin Y, Mitelman F, Johansson B. Cytogenetic analysis of pancreatic carcinomas: intratumor heterogeneity and nonrandom pattern of chromosome aberrations. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 1998; 23:81-99. [PMID: 9739011 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-2264(199810)23:2<81::aid-gcc1>3.0.co;2-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty-nine nonendocrine pancreatic carcinomas (20 primary tumors and nine metastases) were studied by chromosome banding after short-term culture. Acquired clonal aberrations were found in 25 tumors and a detailed analysis of these revealed extensive cytogenetic intratumor heterogeneity. Apart from six carcinomas with one clone only, 19 tumors displayed from two to 58 clones, bringing the total number of clones to 230. Karyotypically related clones, signifying evolutionary variation, were found in 16 tumors, whereas unrelated clones were present in nine, the latter finding probably reflecting a distinct pathogenetic mechanism. The cytogenetic profile of pancreatic carcinoma was characterized by multiple numerical and structural changes. In total, more than 500 abnormal chromosomes, including rings, markers, homogeneously stained regions, and double minutes, altogether displaying 608 breakpoints, were detected. This complexity and heterogeneity notwithstanding, a nonrandom karyotypic pattern can be discerned in pancreatic cancer. Chromosomes 1, 3, 6, 7, 8, 11, 12, 17, and 19 and bands 1q12, 1q21, 3q11, 6p21, 6q21, 7q11, 7q22, 7q32, 11q13, 13cen, 14cen, 17q11, 17q21, and 19q13 were most frequently involved in structural rearrangements. A total of 19 recurrent unbalanced structural changes were identified, 11 of which were not reported previously: del(1)(q11), del(3)(p11), i(3)(q10), del(4)(q25), del(11)(p13), dup(11)(q13q23), i(12)(p10), der(13;15)(q10;q10), del(18)(q12), del(18)(q21), and i(19)(q10). The main karyotypic imbalances were entire-copy losses of chromosomes 18, Y, and 21, gains of chromosomes 7, 2, and 20, partial or whole-arm losses of 1p, 3p, 6q, 8p, 9p, 15q, 17p, 18q, 19p, and 20p, and partial or whole-arm gains of 1q, 3q, 5p, 6p, 7q, 8q, 11q, 12p, 17q, 19q, and 20q. In general, the karyotypic pattern of pancreatic carcinoma fits the multistep carcinogenesis concept. The observed cytogenetic heterogeneity appears to reflect a multitude of interchangeable but oncogenetically equivalent events, and the nonrandomness of the chromosomal alterations underscores the preferential pathways involved in tumor initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Gorunova
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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