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Diler SB, Öden A. The T-786C, G894T, and intron 4 VNTR (4a/b) polymorphisms of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene in prostate cancer cases. RUSS J GENET+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795416020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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2
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Wu JH, Yang K, Ma HS, Xu Y. Association of endothelia nitric oxide synthase gene rs1799983 polymorphism with susceptibility to prostate cancer: a meta-analysis. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:7057-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1870-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Effects of the T-786C, G894T, and Intron 4 VNTR (4a/b) polymorphisms of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene on the risk of prostate cancer. Urol Oncol 2012; 31:1132-40. [PMID: 22317880 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Revised: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have shown that nitric oxide (NO) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) system plays an important role in carcinogenesis. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene polymorphisms significantly affects serum NO concentrations. Studies addressing the relationship between eNOS gene polymorphisms and prostate cancer (CaP) are very scarce. We examined the association between the 3 eNOS gene polymorphisms (T-786C, G894T, and 4a/b) with risk and clinical features of CaP. One hundred seventy patients with CaP (mean age 63.6 ± 12.4 years) and 340 age-matched healthy controls (mean age 64.9 ± 12.9 years) were recruited in this case-control study. Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RLFP) technique. For T-786C polymorphism, we found that CC genotype was associated to CaP risk [odds ratio (OR) = 3.62, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.89-7.74, P = 0.002), high grade tumor (OR = 2.46, 95% CI:1.78-4.72; P = 0.006), and advanced disease (OR = 4.67, 95% CI: 2.64-8.61; P = 0.002). Neither the CaP risk nor clinical features of CaP were associated with the G894T polymorphism. It was found that, compared with 4a/b bb genotype, the 4a/b "a" variant genotypes were associated with an increased risk of CaP in an allele dose dependent manner (OR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.68-3.44; P = 0.031 for 4a/b ab genotype, and OR = 4.32, 95% CI: 2.21-6.08; P = 0.001 for 4a/b aa genotype). In addition, genotypes with the "a" allele of the eNOS 4a/b polymorphism predispose the patients to high grade (OR = 4.76, 95% CI: 2.74-8.62; P = 0.001) and advanced CaP (OR = 5.28, 95% CI: 3.64-8.72; P = 0.001). Furthermore, the T-Asp-b and C-Asp-b haplotypes were associated with a significantly decreased risk of CaP (OR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.33-0.77; P = 0.004, and OR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.26-0.61; P = 0.001, respectively). We found significant differences in genotype distribution and allelic frequencies between CaP patients and controls for the T-786C, and 4a/b eNOS polymorphisms.
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Szmulewitz RZ, Clark R, Lotan T, Otto K, Taylor Veneris J, Macleod K, Rinker-Schaeffer C. MKK4 suppresses metastatic colonization by multiple highly metastatic prostate cancer cell lines through a transient impairment in cell cycle progression. Int J Cancer 2011; 130:509-20. [PMID: 21351092 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.26005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic dissemination in prostate cancer is often early, but not all cancer cells form clinical metastases. Map kinase kinase 4 (MKK4) suppresses metastasis in a preclinical prostate cancer model. We hypothesize that MKK4 will specifically inhibit metastatic colonization through impaired proliferation. Three highly metastatic rat prostate cancer cell lines (AT6.1, Mat-Lu and AT3.1) were employed. Stably over-expressing HA-MKK4 or vector control lines were injected into immunocompromised mice. These experiments validated that HA-MKK4 specifically affects metastatic colonization and increases survival. Median survival (days) with HA-MKK4 vs. vector was 42 vs. 28 (p < 0.0001) for AT6.1, 25 vs. 19 (p < 0.0001) for Mat-Lu and 27 vs. 20 (p < 0.0001) for AT3.1. HA-MKK4 suppresses colonization within 14 days post dissemination, after which exponential proliferation resumes. Although overt metastases retain HA-MKK4, it is inactive within these lesions. Nonetheless, metastasis-derived cell lines were shown to retain functional HA-MKK4 and like their parental HA-MKK4 line are suppressed for experimental metastasis formation in vivo. Disseminated AT6.1-HA-MKK4 cells were analyzed and were found to have an alteration in cell cycle. Specifically, there was an accumulation of cells in G1-phase (p = 0.024) and decrease in S-phase (p = 0.037) compared with vector. In multiple prostate cancer lines, HA-MKK4 suppresses an early step in metastatic colonization. These data support a model in which MKK4 activation at the metastatic site causes a cell-cycle arrest, which is eventually overcome despite presence of functional HA-MKK4. Further studies will specifically interrogate the regulation of MKK4 activation within the metastatic microenvironment and the down-stream molecular events critical for metastasis suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell Z Szmulewitz
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Humbert L, Chevrette M. Somatic Molecular Genetics of Prostate Cancer. MALE REPRODUCTIVE CANCERS 2010:143-180. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-0449-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Marangoni K, Neves AF, Cardoso AM, Santos WK, Faria PC, Goulart LR. The endothelial nitric oxide synthase Glu-298-Asp polymorphism and its mRNA expression in the peripheral blood of patients with prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 30:7-13. [PMID: 16458450 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdp.2005.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The endothelial nitric oxide synthase (ecNOS) has an important role in vascular development and in the carcinogenesis process of prostate cancer (PCa). The nitric oxide (NO) production may promote cancer progression by providing a selective growth advantage to tumor cells, by angiogenic stimulus and by direct DNA damage. METHODS The present study aimed at evaluating the ecNOS Glu-298-Asp polymorphism by the PCR-RFLP technique, associating genotypes with gene expression levels and the tumor biomarker, Prostate Cancer Antigen (DD3), through semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Pre-surgical peripheral blood samples from 160 patients were analyzed: 84 PCa, 11 prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and 65 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). RESULTS The GG and GT Glu-298-Asp genotypes were associated with positive DD3 expression in the peripheral blood, presenting a 3.32-fold higher risk of PCa occurrence. There was no association between genotypes and ecNOS mRNA expression levels; however, the presence of the G allele is closely related to the hematogenous dissemination event of tumoral cells, as evidenced by the DD3 positivity. The higher G allele frequency among pT3 and pT4 staged PCa patients suggests that this would be associated with advanced phenotypes of the disease and may also be contributing to higher NO levels, causing cancer progression. CONCLUSIONS The G allele may have a secondary influence on the prostate cancer predisposition, but an essential role on the event of tumor cells hematogenous dissemination, probably due to the angiogenic stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Marangoni
- Federal University of Uberlândia, Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Campus Umuarama, Block 2E, Room 24, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
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7
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Ribeiro R, Vasconcelos A, Costa S, Pinto D, Morais A, Oliveira J, Lobo F, Lopes C, Medeiros R. Overexpressing leptin genetic polymorphism (-2548 G/A) is associated with susceptibility to prostate cancer and risk of advanced disease. Prostate 2004; 59:268-74. [PMID: 15042602 DOI: 10.1002/pros.20004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leptin has been consistently associated with angiogenesis and tumoral growth. A G/A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at the -2548 site in leptin gene (LEP) is associated with overexpression of leptin (A-allele). METHODS We evaluated DNA samples from 268 (536 alleles) unrelated individuals, 118 healthy controls (HCs) and 150 prostate cancer (PC) patients, for leptin gene (LEP) locus -2548 genotypes. RESULTS We found an overrepresentation of the A-allele in PC patients and that there is a significantly higher risk for PC among A carriers (OR = 1.60; confidence interval (CI), 1.13-2.28, P = 0.008). Linear trend analysis showed that quantitative increase of A-allele presence was associated with significantly higher risk for PC (P = 0.003) in heterozygous (OR = 2.11; CI, 1.20-3.71) and homozygous (OR = 2.93; CI, 1.27-6.75) genotypes. Furthermore, the AA and AG genotypes represent significantly higher risk (OR = 4.67; CI, 1.69-12.88 and OR = 2.58; CI, 1.19-5.58, respectively) for advanced disease. CONCLUSIONS According to our results we hypothesize that the polymorphism in LEP gene may be relevant to PC risk and progression, supporting the hypothesis for leptin involvement in cancer ethiopathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Ribeiro
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Instituto Português de Oncologia, Porto, Portugal
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Medeiros R, Morais A, Vasconcelos A, Costa S, Carrilho S, Oliveira J, Lopes C. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphisms and the shedding of circulating tumour cells in the blood of prostate cancer patients. Cancer Lett 2003; 189:85-90. [PMID: 12445681 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(02)00118-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (ecNOS) gene polymorphisms (ecNOS4a/b and Glu-Asp298) on the shedding of tumor cells in the blood of 61 patients with prostate cancer (PCa), was analyzed. Hematogenous micrometastasis with blood circulating tumor cells (CTCs) may be an early event in the natural history of PCa metastization. CTCs can be detected by the presence of messenger RNA prostate specific membrane antigen by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. We found an association between ecNOS4a/b genotypes presenting the a allele (ab/aa) with the presence of CTCs in the blood of PCa under the age of 67 years (P=0.003) and with localized disease (P=0.012). This association was not found for Glu-Asp298 genotypes. In summary, we have identified a nitric oxide related genetic factor associated with micrometastization of prostate cancer. We hypothesize that genotypes with the a allele of the ecNOS4a/b polymorphism may facilitate the survival of CTCs in the blood of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Laboratórios-PISO 4, Instituto Português de Oncologia, Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
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Medeiros R, Morais A, Vasconcelos A, Costa S, Pinto D, Oliveira J, Lopes C. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphisms and genetic susceptibility to prostate cancer. Eur J Cancer Prev 2002; 11:343-50. [PMID: 12195160 DOI: 10.1097/00008469-200208000-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The endothelial cell-specific form of nitric oxide synthases (ecNOS) is localized at 7q35-q36 and is involved in vascular development and tumour growth in human prostate cancer. We have conducted a case-control study to investigate the prevalence of two polymorphisms at intron 4 (ecNOS4a/b) and exon 7 (Glu-Asp298) of ecNOS gene in 125 prostate cancer (PCa) patients and in 153 controls. We observed that the a-allele (aa or ab genotypes from ecNOS4a/b) was over-presented in the group of PCa with Gleason histological grade >or=7 (P=0.041). With regard to the Glu-Asp298 polymorphism, patients with the T-allele were younger than patients with no T-allele (P=0.037), and a statistically significant difference was noted in the Glu-Asp298 genotype distribution between cases with advanced disease and cases with localized disease (P=0.0013). When comparing cases and controls with logistic regression analysis we observed that the presence of the a-allele is associated with prostate cancer risk (odds ratio (OR) 1.83; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06-3.17; P=0.029), to high histological grade (Gleason >or=7) of PCa (OR 2.18; 95% CI 0.95-4.98; P=0.062) and with the risk of progression of the cancer disease (OR 2.85; 95% CI 1.19-6.82; P=0.018). Furthermore, we found that carriers with the combination of the a-allele (aa and ab ecNOS4a/b genotypes) and T-allele (GT and TT from Glu-Asp298) have a threefold increase in prostate cancer risk (OR 3.13; 95% CI 1.41-6.91, P=0.004). In summary, we have identified an NO-related genetic risk factor for prostate cancer that may help in understanding the molecular mechanism involved in the individual susceptibility to prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Instituto Português de Oncologia, R. Dr. Ant. Bernardino Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal.
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Goodarzi G, Mashimo T, Watabe M, Cuthbert AP, Newbold RF, Pai SK, Hirota S, Hosobe S, Miura K, Bandyopadhyay S, Gross SC, Balaji KC, Watabe K. Identification of tumor metastasis suppressor region on the short arm of human chromosome 20. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2001; 32:33-42. [PMID: 11477659 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.1164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquisition of metastatic ability by prostate cancer cells is the hallmark of their lethal trait and outcome. However, the genetic alterations underlying the clinical progression and pathogenesis of prostate cancer are not well understood. Several studies involving loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and comparative genomic hybridization analysis have identified distinctively altered regions on various human chromosomes, and genomic imbalance of chromosome 20 was implicated in progression and recurrence of prostate tumors. To examine the role of chromosome 20 in prostate neoplasms, we introduced this chromosome into highly metastatic rat prostate cancer cells using the microcell-mediated chromosome transfer technique. Introduction of the chromosome resulted in significant suppression of the metastatic ability of the hybrid cells, by as much as 98%, without any interference with the in vivo growth rate or tumorigenicity of primary tumor in SCID mice. Our STS-PCR analysis on 10 hybrid clones indicates that the suppressor activity of chromosome 20 is located in the p11.23-12 region. Further examination of the hybrid clones by experimental metastasis assay and histologic analysis as well as Matrigel invasion assay suggests the involvement of the suppressor region at an early stage of invasion and extravasation. We also investigated the status of the chromosome 20 suppressor region in pathology specimens from human prostate cancer patients and detected the frequent loss of this region in high-grade tumors. These results suggest the presence of a putative suppressor gene on human chromosome 20 that is functionally involved in development of prostate cancer metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Goodarzi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois 62702, USA
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11
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Dano L, Guilly MN, Dutrillaux B, Chevillard S, Laurent D. Clonal evolution of a radon-induced rat lung tumor. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 2001; 125:52-8. [PMID: 11297768 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(00)00359-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Radon gas may represent a source of pulmonary radio-contamination either in mine or in domestic conditions. Since epidemiological studies are controversial, as long as biological markers of the exposure to such agents will not be identified, the question will remain open. We have previously shown a direct dose-dependent relationship between lung cancer occurrence and radon inhalation of rats. In this study, we report a cytogenetic study of a radon-induced rat lung tumor. Chromosome banding and chromosome specific paintings were performed on cultures of both fresh and xenografted tumors. We found by analyzing 17 sub-clones that all karyotypes presented a translocation involving rat chromosomes (RNO) 8 and 20, and a terminal deletion of RNO 15p suggesting a monoclonal origin of this tumor. RNO 15 is homologous to numerous human chromosomes (HSA), in particular to HSA 3p14.2, 3p22-p24.1 and 3p24.2-p24.3, this human chromosome being frequently lost in human lung carcinomas. Besides sharing chromosome alteration involving common features with those found in human lung cancer, this rat lung carcinoma represents a useful model to study tumor progression with respect to clonal evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Dano
- CEA, DSV, DRR, 60-68 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, Cedex, France
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12
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Fukuhara H, Maruyama T, Nomura S, Oshimura M, Kitamura T, Sekiya T, Murakami Y. Functional evidence for the presence of tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 10p15 in human prostate cancers. Oncogene 2001; 20:314-9. [PMID: 11313960 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1204079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2000] [Revised: 11/02/2000] [Accepted: 11/02/2000] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 10p was observed frequently in human prostate cancers. Studies have demonstrated that the introduction of the short arm of human chromosome 10 into a human prostate cancer cell line, PPC-1, by microcell-mediated chromosome transfer (MMCT), suppressed the malignant phenotype, suggesting the presence of a prostate tumor suppressor gene(s) within a region of 17 cM at distal 10p. To narrow down the candidate region harboring the tumor suppressor gene, a series of 10p fragments were transferred into PPC-1 cells by MMCT using a panel of hamster-human hybrid cells containing various portions of 10p. Four of the six hybrid cells obtained showed decreased tumorigenicity when injected subcutaneously into athymic nude mice. Tumors developed only at six of 40 injection sites for these four hybrid cells. In contrast, the other two hybrid cells, as well as parental PPC-1 cells, were judged to be fully tumorigenic because tumors appeared at a total 26 of 32 sites for the two hybrid cells and 15 of 16 sites for PPC-1. Allelotyping of 10p combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization in these hybrid cells suggested that a prostate tumor suppressor gene was located within a fragment of approximately 1.2 Mb flanked by D10S1172 and D10S226 on 10p15.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Fukuhara
- Tumor Suppression & Functional Genomics Project, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
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13
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Peng JB, Chen XZ, Berger UV, Weremowicz S, Morton CC, Vassilev PM, Brown EM, Hediger MA. Human calcium transport protein CaT1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 278:326-32. [PMID: 11097838 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.3716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Transcellular calcium transport occurs in many epithelial tissues including intestine, kidney, and placenta. We identified the human ortholog (hCaT1) of a recently cloned rat calcium transport protein, CaT1, that mediates intestinal calcium uptake. hCaT1 messenger RNA is present in the gastrointestinal tract, including esophagus, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon. High levels of hCaT1 transcripts are also present in pancreas, placenta, prostate, and salivary gland, while moderate levels are present in liver, kidney, and testis. hCaT1 mRNA is also expressed in the colorectal cancer cell line, SW480, and the chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line, K-562. The hCaT1 gene was assigned to the long arm of chromosome 7, bands q33-34, by fluorescence in situ hybridization. When expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, hCaT1 promotes saturable Ca(2+) uptake with a Michaelis constant of 0.25 mM. Our studies suggest a role for hCaT1 in cellular calcium uptake in a variety of tissues, including the transcellular calcium transport pathway in intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Peng
- Membrane Biology Program, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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14
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Christiano AP, Yoshida BA, Dubauskas Z, Sokoloff M, Rinker-Schaeffer CW. Development of markers of prostate cancer metastasis. Review and perspective. Urol Oncol 2000; 5:217-223. [PMID: 10973711 DOI: 10.1016/s1078-1439(00)00070-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- AP Christiano
- Section of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, 60637, Chicago, IL, USA
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15
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Rinker-Schaeffer CW, Welch DR, Sokoloff M. Defining the biologic role of genes that regulate prostate cancer metastasis. Curr Opin Urol 2000; 10:397-401. [PMID: 11005442 DOI: 10.1097/00042307-200009000-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the most lethal attribute of a cancer. There is a critical need for markers that will accurately distinguish those histologic lesions and disseminated cells that have a high probability of causing clinically important metastatic disease from those cells that will remain indolent. Despite the explosion in new information regarding the genetics of cancer, only six human genes have thus far been shown to functionally suppress metastasis. The present review and perspective describes the evolving view of the mechanisms that regulate metastasis, and the importance of metastasis-suppressor genes in this process. Specifically, the clinical problem of metastatic prostate cancer, the identification of metastatic colonization as a therapeutic target, and the identification and functional characterization of prostate cancer metastasis-suppressor genes are discussed.
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16
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Mashimo T, Goodarzi G, Watabe M, Cuthbert AP, Newbold RF, Pai SK, Hirota S, Hosobe S, Miura K, Bandyopadhyay S, Gross SC, Watabe K. Localization of a novel tumor metastasis suppressor region on the short arm of human chromosome 2. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2000; 28:285-93. [PMID: 10862034 DOI: 10.1002/1098-2264(200007)28:3<285::aid-gcc6>3.0.co;2-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Much of the lethality of malignant neoplasms is attributable directly to their ability to develop secondary growths in organs at a distance from the primary tumor mass, whereas few patients die from their primary neoplasm. Little is known about the molecular mechanism of tumor metastasis, however, which is controlled by a variety of positive and negative factors. In the search for metastasis suppressor genes, we have used the microcell-mediated chromosome transfer method and a rat prostate tumor model in SCID mice. When human chromosome 2 was introduced into the highly metastatic rat prostatic tumor cell, AT6.1, the metastatic ability of this cell was significantly (>99%) decreased in animals. An STS-based PCR analysis for 8 hybrid clones indicates that the suppressor activity is located in the p25-22 region of the chromosome. Furthermore, the AT6.1 cell with human chromosome 2 showed a reduced ability to invade Matrigel, suggesting that the suppressor activity is involved in the step of tumor invasion during the progression of prostate cancer. We have also examined the status of the suppressor region on chromosome 2 in human prostate cancer specimens and found that this region was often lost in high-grade tumors. These results suggest that the putative suppressor gene on chromosome 2 is functionally involved in the progression of human prostate cancer. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 28:285-293, 2000.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mashimo
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois 62702, USA
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17
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Donald CD, Montgomery DE, Emmett N, Cooke DB. Invasive potential and substrate dependence of attachment in the dunning R-3327 rat prostate adenocarcinoma model. INVASION & METASTASIS 2000; 18:165-75. [PMID: 10640902 DOI: 10.1159/000024509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cell attachment to and invasion of the extracellular matrix has been associated with the metastatic potential of cell lines of the Dunning R-3327 rat prostatic adenocarcinoma model. We investigated the cell-matrix interactions of prostate tumor cells by comparing the invasive ability through reconstructed extracellular matrix and attachment upon EHS NATRIX (natural extracellular matrix), fibronectin, laminin, and collagen Type IV. We observed a correlation between metastatic potential and substrate dependence of attachment in prostate cancer cells. Nonmetastatic AT-1 cells possessed a higher adhesive potential to extracellular matrix components than the highly metastatic cells (ML, MLL and AT-3). It was also found that the invasive potential of the three highly metastatic cell lines was significantly higher than that of the nonmetastatic cell line. Here, it is reported that the ability to traverse a matrigel matrix correlates with their metastatic potential. These observations suggest that the extracellular matrix components are highly involved in influencing prostate cancer cell activities. In addition, we investigated the effects of two differentiation agents, retinoic acid (RA) and difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), on the adhesive and invasive profiles of the tumor cells. After treatment with both agents, adhesion was increased to levels not different from nonmetastatic cells. Furthermore, the ability of highly metastatic cells to traverse a matrigel barrier was significantly reduced after treatment with both differentiation agents. These results suggest that RA and DFMO are capable in reversing the metastatic potential of prostate cancer cells in vitro and may give a possible insight into their role as potential therapeutic agents in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Donald
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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