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Zhang C, Cerveira E, Rens W, Yang F, Lee C. Multicolor Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) Approaches for Simultaneous Analysis of the Entire Human Genome. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN HUMAN GENETICS 2018; 99:e70. [PMID: 30215889 DOI: 10.1002/cphg.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of the organization of the human genome is vital for understanding genetic diversity, human evolution, and disease pathogenesis. A number of approaches, such as multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assays, cytogenomic microarray (CMA), and next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, are available for simultaneous analysis of the entire human genome. Multicolor FISH-based spectral karyotyping (SKY), multiplex FISH (M-FISH), and Rx-FISH may provide rapid identification of interchromosomal and intrachromosomal rearrangements as well as the origin of unidentified extrachromosomal elements. Recent advances in molecular cytogenetics have made it possible to efficiently examine the entire human genome in a single experiment at much higher resolution and specificity using CMA and NGS technologies. Here, we present an overview of the approaches available for genome-wide analyses. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengsheng Zhang
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Eliza Cerveira
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Willem Rens
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Charles Lee
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
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2
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Manabe M, Okita J, Tarakuwa T, Harada N, Aoyama Y, Kumura T, Ohta T, Furukawa Y, Mugitani A. der(5;17)(p10;q10) is a recurrent but rare whole-arm translocation in patients with hematological neoplasms: a report of three cases. Acta Haematol 2014; 132:134-9. [PMID: 24556628 DOI: 10.1159/000357111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We report the cases of 3 patients with hematological malignancies and complex karyotypes involving der(5; 17) (p10;q10), which results in the loss of 5q and 17p. Although deletions of 5q and 17p are recurrent abnormalities in hematological disease, only about 20 cases harboring der(5; 17) (p10;q10) have been reported. We address the tumorigenesis and morphological characteristics of hematological malignancies involving der(5; 17)(p10;q10), along with a review of the literature.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Anemia, Refractory, with Excess of Blasts/drug therapy
- Anemia, Refractory, with Excess of Blasts/genetics
- Anemia, Refractory, with Excess of Blasts/pathology
- Aneuploidy
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Bone Marrow Cells/ultrastructure
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Chromosome Banding
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5/ultrastructure
- Contraindications
- Fatal Outcome
- Female
- Hematologic Neoplasms/genetics
- Hematologic Neoplasms/pathology
- Humans
- Karyotype
- Lenalidomide
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Chronic/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Chronic/pathology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral/drug therapy
- Male
- Megakaryocytes/ultrastructure
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/genetics
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/pathology
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/genetics
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/pathology
- Recurrence
- Remission Induction
- Thalidomide/analogs & derivatives
- Translocation, Genetic
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3
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FISH glossary: an overview of the fluorescence in situ hybridization technique. Biotechniques 2008; 45:385-6, 388, 390 passim. [PMID: 18855767 DOI: 10.2144/000112811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) marked the beginning of a new era for the study of chromosome structure and function. As a combined molecular and cytological approach, the major advantage of this visually appealing technique resides in its unique ability to provide an intermediate degree of resolution between DNA analysis and chromosomal investigations while retaining information at the single-cell level. Used to support large-scale mapping and sequencing efforts related to the human genome project, FISH accuracy and versatility were subsequently capitalized on in biological and medical research, providing a wealth of diverse applications and FISH-based diagnostic assays. The diversification of the original FISH protocol into the impressive number of procedures available these days has been promoted throughout the years by a number of interconnected factors: the improvement in sensitivity, specificity and resolution, together with the advances in the fields of fluorescence microscopy and digital imaging, and the growing availability of genomic and bioinformatic resources. By assembling in a glossary format many of the "acronymed" FISH applications published so far, this review intends to celebrate the ability of FISH to re-invent itself and thus remain at the forefront of biomedical research.
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4
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Abstract
Patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) harboring three or more acquired chromosome aberrations in the absence of the prognostically favorable t(8;21)(q22;q22), inv(16)(p13q22)/t(6;16)(p13;q22), and t(15;17)(q22;q21) aberrations form a separate category - AML with a complex karyotype. They constitute 10% to 12% of all AML patents, with the incidence of complex karyotypes increasing with the more advanced age. Recent studies using molecular-cytogenetic techniques (spectral karyotyping [SKY], multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization [M-FISH]) and array comparative genomic hybridization (a-CGH) considerably improved characterization of previously unidentified, partially identified, or cryptic chromosome aberrations, and allowed precise delineation of genomic imbalances. The emerging nonrandom pattern of abnormalities includes relative paucity, but not absence, of balanced rearrangements (translocations, insertions, or inversions), predominance of aberrations leading to loss of chromosome material (monosomies, deletions, and unbalanced translocations) that involve, in decreasing order, chromosome arms 5q, 17p, 7q, 18q, 16q, 17q, 12p, 20q, 18p, and 3p, and the presence of recurrent, albeit less frequent and often hidden (in marker chromosomes and unbalanced translocations) aberrations leading to overrepresentation of segments from 8q, 11q, 21q, 22q, 1p, 9p, and 13q. Several candidate genes have been identified as targets of genomic losses, for example, TP53, CTNNA1, NF1, ETV6, and TCF4, and amplifications, for example, ERG, ETS2, APP, ETS1, FLI1, MLL, DDX6, GAB2, MYC, TRIB1, and CDX2. Treatment outcomes of complex karyotype patients receiving chemotherapy are very poor. They can be improved to some extent by allogeneic stem cell transplantation in younger patients. It is hoped that better understanding of genomic alterations will result in identification of novel therapeutic targets and improved prognosis in patients with complex karyotypes.
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Lee C, Rens W, Yang F. Multicolor Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) approaches for simultaneous analysis of the entire human genome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; Chapter 4:Unit4.9. [PMID: 18428283 DOI: 10.1002/0471142905.hg0409s24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The ability to generate chromosome-specific paints and employ combinatorial labeling strategies has made it possible to differentiate all 24 human chromosomes in a single metaphase spread. Such technology is particularly useful when there is a limited number of metaphase spreads for analyses and when interchromosomal rearrangements are ill-defined or very complex. There are three systems currently available for simultaneous FISH analysis of all human chromosomes: spectral karyotyping (SKY), Multiplex FISH (M-FISH), and Rx-FISH. This overview discusses each of these systems and the recent advances which have made them possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lee
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Kakazu N, Abe T. Multicolor banding technique, spectral color banding (SCAN): new development and applications. Cytogenet Genome Res 2006; 114:250-6. [PMID: 16954662 DOI: 10.1159/000094209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2006] [Accepted: 03/27/2006] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional banding techniques can characterize chromosomal aberrations associated with tumors and congenital diseases with considerable precision. However, chromosomal aberrations that have been overlooked or are difficult to analyze even by skilled cytogeneticists were also often noted. Following the introduction of multicolor karyotyping such as spectral karyotyping (SKY) and multiplex-fluorescence in situ hybridization (M-FISH), it is possible to identify this kind of cryptic or complex aberration comprehensively by a single analysis. To date, multicolor karyotyping techniques have been established as useful tools for cytogenetic analysis. However, since this technique depends on whole chromosome painting probes, it involves limitations in that the origin of aberrant segments can be identified only in units of chromosomes. To overcome these limitations, we have recently developed spectral color banding (SCAN) as a new multicolor banding technique based on the SKY methodology. This new technique may be deemed as an ideal chromosome banding technique since it allows representation of a multicolor banding pattern matching the corresponding G-banding pattern. We applied this technique to the analysis of chromosomal aberrations in tumors that had not been fully characterized by G-banding or SKY and found it capable of (1) detecting intrachromosomal aberrations; (2) identifying the origin of aberrant segments in units of bands; and (3) precisely determining the breakpoints of complex rearrangements. We also demonstrated that SCAN is expected to allow cytogenetic analysis with a constant adequate resolution close to the 400-band level regardless of the degree of chromosome condensation. As compared to the conventional SKY analysis, SCAN has remarkably higher accuracy for a particular chromosome, allowing analysis in units of bands instead of in units of chromosomes and is hence promising as a means of cytogenetic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kakazu
- Department of Molecular-Targeting Cancer Prevention, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
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7
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Aamot HV, Micci F, Holte H, Delabie J, Heim S. G-banding and molecular cytogenetic analyses of marginal zone lymphoma. Br J Haematol 2005; 130:890-901. [PMID: 16156859 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2005.05706.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We analysed the acquired chromosomal aberrations of 22 marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) patients by various genome-wide cytogenetic techniques, such as G-banding, multicolour fluorescence in situ hybridisation (M-FISH), cross-species colour banding (RxFISH), and comparative genomic hybridisation (CGH), as well as FISH with locus-specific probes. Patients with an abnormal chromosome 3 (n = 11), the most frequently rearranged chromosome, showed a shorter median survival than patients with a normal chromosome 3 (n = 11, 74 months vs. 219 months, P < 0.03). Four of five patients with nodal MZL had chromosome 3 abnormalities and patients with nodal MZL had a shorter median survival than patients in the other morphological subgroups of MZL (P < 0.003). CGH analysis showed only gains of chromosome material, namely of chromosome regions 3p12-25, 3q12-21, 3q23-28, 12q13-15, 12q22-24, 19p13 and 19q13 in two to four cases each (20-40%). In two MZL, the novel unbalanced translocation der(13)t(3;13)(q24;p11) was detected as the sole karyotypic rearrangement, indicating that gain of 3q24-qter could be an important event in the pathogenesis of these lymphomas. Another two cases showed, in addition to other abnormalities, a t(4;14)(p13;q32). Both these lymphomas had involvement of the IGH gene at 14q32, and one of them also of the RHOH/TTF gene at 4p13, which encodes a new member of the RHO protein subfamily.
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Beyer V, Mühlematter D, Parlier V, Cabrol C, Bougeon-Mamin S, Solenthaler M, Tobler A, Pugin P, Gregor M, Hitz F, Hess U, Chapuis B, Laurencet F, Schanz U, Schmidt PM, van Melle G, Jotterand M. Polysomy 8 defines a clinico-cytogenetic entity representing a subset of myeloid hematologic malignancies associated with a poor prognosis: report on a cohort of 12 patients and review of 105 published cases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 160:97-119. [PMID: 15993266 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2004.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2004] [Revised: 11/16/2004] [Accepted: 12/10/2004] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Tetrasomy, pentasomy, and hexasomy 8 (polysomy 8) are relatively rare compared to trisomy 8. Here we report on a series of 12 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), or myeloproliferative disorder (MPD) associated with polysomy 8 as detected by conventional cytogenetics and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). In an attempt to better characterize the clinical and hematological profile of this cytogenetic entity, our data were combined with those of 105 published patients. Tetrasomy 8 was the most common presentation of polysomy 8. In 60.7% of patients, polysomy 8 occurred as part of complex changes (16.2% with 11q23 rearrangements). No cryptic MLL rearrangements were found in cases in which polysomy 8 was the only karyotypic change. Our study demonstrates the existence of a polysomy 8 syndrome, which represents a subtype of AML, MDS, and MPD characterized by a high incidence of secondary diseases, myelomonocytic or monocytic involvement in AML and poor overall survival (6 months). Age significantly reduced median survival, but associated cytogenetic abnormalities did not modify it. Cytogenetic results further demonstrate an in vitro preferential growth of the cells with a high level of aneuploidy suggesting a selective advantage for polysomy 8 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Beyer
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne CH-1011, Switzerland
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9
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Hwang HJ, Kim GJ, Lee GB, Oh JT, Chun YH, Park SH. A comprehensive karyotypic analysis on Korean hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines by cross-species color banding and comparative genomic hybridization. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 2003; 141:128-37. [PMID: 12606130 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(02)00671-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomal aberrations were investigated in hepatitis B virus integrated into the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines SNU-368, SNU-449, SNU-398, SNU-182, and SNU-475 using Giemsa-banding, cross species color banding, and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). The origins of the marker chromosomes were confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization with constructed chromosome painting probes. Each cell line had unique modal karyotypic characteristics and showed variable numbers of numerical and structural clonal cytogenetic aberrations. The gains were commonly detected on chromosome 1, and chromosome regions 6p, 7q, 8q, 10p, 17q, and 20; the losses were often found on 4q21 approximately qter, 13, 18q21 approximately qter, and Y. In particular, the breakpoints on 1p36, 1p13 approximately q21, 2p13 approximately q11, 6q10 approximately q11, 7q11, 7q22, 14q10, 16q10 approximately q13, 17q21, 18q21, and 19p11 approximately q11 were involved frequently at the multiple rearranged lesions. CGH analysis further confirmed the cytogenetic data, and the nonrandom rearrangements data suggested the candidate regions for the genes to be isolated which were related to HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jin Hwang
- Institute of Human Genetics, Department of Anatomy, Brain Korea 21 Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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10
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Abstract
While chromosome-banding analysis has set the standard for karyotyping from 1970 onwards, fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) has more recently been used to complement the study of chromosomal rearrangements. Especially useful has been the appearance of FISH methodologies with screening abilities, namely comparative genome hybridisation (CGH), multicolour-FISH (m-FISH), and cross-species colour banding (RxFISH). These FISH-based screening techniques are reviewed here together with methodologies using chromosome- or locus-specific probes. Emphasis is put on the strengths and limitations of these FISH techniques to complement standard chromosome banding analysis. Judicious choice from the molecular cytogenetic techniques now available has significantly improved our ability to characterise the genomic rearrangements of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Teixeira
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal.
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11
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Liehr T, Heller A, Starke H, Claussen U. FISH banding methods: applications in research and diagnostics. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2002; 2:217-25. [PMID: 12050860 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2.3.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Recently, several chromosome banding techniques based on fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) have been developed for the human and the mouse genome. In contrast to the standard chromosome banding techniques presently used, giving a protein-related banding pattern, those FISH techniques are DNA-specific. Currently the FISH banding methods are still under development and no high resolution banding technique is available that can be used for a whole genome in one hybridization. Nevertheless, FISH banding methods were used successfully for research in evolution- and radiation-biology, as well as for studies on the nuclear architecture. Moreover, their suitability for diagnostic purposes has been proven in prenatal, postnatal and tumor cytogenetics, indicating that they are an important tool with the potential to partly replace the conventional banding techniques in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Liehr
- Institut fur Humangenetik und Anthropologie, D-07740 Jena, Germany.
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12
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Micci F, Teixeira MR, Heim S. Complete cytogenetic characterization of the human breast cancer cell line MA11 combining G-banding, comparative genomic hybridization, multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization, RxFISH, and chromosome-specific painting. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 2001; 131:25-30. [PMID: 11734314 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(01)00484-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The MA11 cell line was established from malignant cells isolated from the bone marrow of a breast cancer patient. It metastasizes selectively to the brain in athymic mice. Since the genomic rearrangements of only a few breast cancer cell lines have been characterized completely, we analyzed MA11 cytogenetically. Because the G-banding analysis revealed a very complex karyotype with several markers and chromosomes with additional material of unknown origin, we used multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (M-FISH), cross-species color banding (RxFISH), comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), and chromosome-specific probes to better characterize the chromosome abnormalities. The use of these FISH-based screening techniques allowed us to detect previously unsuspected chromosomal changes and determine the identity of chromosomal markers. Multicolor FISH was especially useful to identify the rearranged chromosomes, whereas RxFISH, G-banding, and CGH were instrumental in determining breakpoint positions, although some uncertainties were removed only after hybridization with chromosome-specific probes. The combined analysis revealed a near-triploid karyotype with no less than 20 chromosomes demonstrating structural rearrangements. The resulting imbalances included several of those known to be common in primary breast carcinomas (gain of 1q, 8q, and 20q and loss of 8p, 11q, and 13q), indicating that the MA11 cell line may serve as a good model to study breast carcinogenesis. The full cytogenetic characterization we present may guide future searches for the mechanism of organ-selective metastasis in this model system and, possibly, also in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Micci
- Department of Cancer Genetics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, N-0310, Oslo, Norway
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13
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Abstract
Refinements in cytogenetic techniques over the past 30 years have allowed the increasingly sensitive detection of chromosome abnormalities in haematological malignancies. In particular, the advent of fluorescence in situ hybridization techniques has provided significant advances in both diagnosis and research of leukaemias. The application of new multicolour karyotyping techniques has allowed the complete dissection of complex chromosome rearrangements and provides the prospect of identifying new recurrent chromosome rearrangements. Both comparative genomic hybridization and interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization avoid the use of metaphase chromosomes altogether and have allowed the genetic analysis of previously intractable targets. Recent developments in comparative genomic hybridization to DNA microarrays provide the promise of high resolution and automated screening for chromosomal imbalances. Rather than replacing conventional cytogenetics, however, these techniques have extended the range of cytogenetic analyses when applied in a complementary fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Kearney
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
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14
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Kim GJ, Park SY, Kim H, Chun YH, Park SH. Chromosomal aberrations in neuroblastoma cell lines identified by cross species color banding and chromosome painting. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 2001; 129:10-6. [PMID: 11520559 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(01)00418-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We have studied cytogenetic rearrangements in karyotypes of five neuroblastoma cell lines [SK-N-AS, SK-N-SH, SH-SY5Y, SK-N-MC, SMS-KCNR] by G-banding, cross species color banding (RxFISH), and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with chromosome painting probes. Each neuroblastoma cell line had unique modal karyotypic characteristics and showed a variable number of numerical and structural clonal cytogenetic aberrations. The number of rearranged chromosomes in SK-N-AS, SK-N-SH, SH-SY5Y, SK-N-MC, and SMS-KCNR was 11, 3, 7, 14 (tetraploid, 20-21), and 6, respectively. The origins of abnormal chromosomes were effectively analyzed by RxFISH and FISH with multiple chromosome painting probes. The chromosomal origin of the homogeneously staining region in SH-SY5Y was identified as coamplification of chromosome bands 2p13 and 2p24 by chromosome microdissection and FISH. The non-random rearrangements of chromosomes were determined on 1p34 approximately p36, 6q16 approximately q21, 8q24, 9q34, 11q13 approximately q23, 16q23 approximately q24, 17q21, and 22q31. These results may provide useful information for further molecular characterization of neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1, Anam-Dong 5-Ka, Sungbuk-Ku, Seoul 136-705, South Korea
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15
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Mrózek K, Heinonen K, Bloomfield CD. Clinical importance of cytogenetics in acute myeloid leukaemia. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2001; 14:19-47. [PMID: 11355922 DOI: 10.1053/beha.2000.0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Acquired chromosome aberrations are present in the marrow of most patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) at diagnosis. Cytogenetically, AML is a very heterogeneous disease with over 160 structural chromosome abnormalities observed recurrently to date. Molecular dissection of many reciprocal translocations and inversions has resulted in cloning of the genes involved in leukaemogenesis. Some recurrent aberrations and the resulting gene rearrangements, namely inv(16)/t(16;16) and CBFbeta- MYH11, t(8;21) and CBFA2-CBFA2T1, t(15;17) and PML-RARalpha, and rearrangements of band 11q23 and the MLL gene, are now used to help define distinct disease entities within AML in the new World Health Organization classification of haematological malignancies. Moreover, cytogenetic abnormalities, whether molecularly characterized or not, are among the most important, independent prognostic factors in AML, and are being used in the management of AML patients. This review presents current information on chromosome abnormalities in AML, and on associations between karyotype and clinical characteristics and outcome of AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mrózek
- Division of Hematology and Oncology and the Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Room 1248B, Columbus, OH, 43210-1228, USA
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16
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Salido M, Solé F, Espinet B, Zamora L, Woessner S, Florensa L. New t(11;12)(q12;q11) characterized by RxFISH in a patient with T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 2001; 125:70-3. [PMID: 11297771 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(00)00357-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomal abnormalities in patients with large granular lymphocyte leukemia (LGLL) are rare. Herein we present a novel cytogenetic abnormality t(11;12)(q12;q11) in a patient with LGLL identified by cross-species color banding (RxFISH). The application of RxFISH allowed the rapid and easy identification of a chromosome rearrangement that was not recognized by conventional cytogenetics. Therefore, RxFISH is a suitable complement to, but not a replacement for, conventional cytogenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Salido
- Laboratori de Citologia Hematològica/Laboratori de Referència de Catalunya, Unitat d'Hematologia 1973, Hospital del Mar, IMAS, IMIM, Barcelona, Spain.
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17
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Kim DG, Park SY, You KR, Lee GB, Kim H, Moon WS, Chun YH, Park SH. Establishment and characterization of chromosomal aberrations in human cholangiocarcinoma cell lines by cross-species color banding. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2001; 30:48-56. [PMID: 11107175 DOI: 10.1002/1098-2264(2000)9999:9999<::aid-gcc1053>3.0.co;2-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CC), a malignant neoplasm of the biliary epithelium, is usually fatal because of difficulty in early diagnosis and lack of availability of effective therapy. Furthermore, little is known about the genetics and biology of CC. Only a few reports concerning cytogenetic studies of CC have been published, and few cell lines have been established. We recently established four CC cell lines, designated as SCK, JCK, Cho-CK, and Choi-CK, and report the first application of cross-species color banding (RxFISH) and multiple chromosome painting for the characterization of the chromosomal rearrangements of these CC cell lines. Each cell line had unique modal karyotypic characteristics and showed a variable number of numerical and structural clonal cytogenetic aberrations. Chromosomes 3, 6, 7, 8, 12, 14, 17, and 18 were commonly involved in structural abnormalities. Homogeneously staining regions were determined in SCK and JCK, and double minute chromosomes were found in Cho-CK. The chromosomal aberrations of the four CC cell lines were effectively analyzed by RxFISH and FISH with multiple chromosome painting probes. The nonrandom rearrangements suggest candidate regions for isolation of genes related to CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Chonju, Korea
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18
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Park SY, Choi HC, Chun YH, Kim H, Park SH. Characterization of chromosomal aberrations in lung cancer cell lines by cross-species color banding. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 2001; 124:62-70. [PMID: 11165324 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(00)00329-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Using cross-species color banding (RxFISH) and chromosome painting techniques, chromosomal aberrations were investigated in six lung cancer cell lines (NCI-H524, H865, H522, H1373, H358, A549). Each cell line had a variable number of numerical and structural cytogenetic aberrations. While NCI-H524, -H865, and -H522 had near diploidy, NCI-H358, -H1373, and A549 had near triploidy. The origins of the marker chromosomes were further identified by RxFISH and chromosome painting: Nonrandom chromosomal rearrangements were seen on 1p, 3q, 5p10-p15, 6q13-q21, 7q22-q31, 9p32, 15q22-qter, 17p, 17q21-q25, and 21. These abnormal cytogenetic findings indicate that multiple genetic lesions are associated with the development of lung cancer, and thus, these might be possible candidate regions for the abnormal genes involved in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Park
- Institute of Human Genetics, Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1, Anam-Dong 5-Ka, Seoul 136-705, Sungbuk-Ku, South Korea
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Harrison CJ, Yang F, Butler T, Cheung KL, O'Brien PC, Hennessy BJ, Prentice HG, Ferguson-Smith M. Cross-species color banding in ten cases of myeloid malignancies with complex karyotypes. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2001; 30:15-24. [PMID: 11107171 DOI: 10.1002/1098-2264(2000)9999:9999<::aid-gcc1061>3.0.co;2-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross-species color banding is a multiple-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique using probes developed from other animal species. Hybridization to human metaphases produces color banding patterns specific for each homologous chromosome pair. The technique has been evaluated in a complementary manner with G-banding and chromosome painting in a series of 10 myeloid malignancies with complex or unresolved karyotypes. Color banding detected the majority of chromosomal abnormalities, which had been identified by G-banding and in each case revealed chromosomal changes that G-banding had not identified. Painting was necessary to confirm these abnormalities due to the limitation of only seven colors in the color-banded karyotype. At the same time, painting fortuitously uncovered cryptic abnormalities in 6 of 10 cases that had not been detected by color banding. Insertions were visible by painting only. This study has demonstrated that in the analysis of complex karyotypes, the application of color banding revealed the involvement of the long arm of chromosome 3, indicating a poor risk, in two cases not identified by G-banding. Therefore, these techniques applied together have revealed cryptic chromosomal abnormalities with prognostic significance, which in some cases may have implications for patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Harrison
- Department of Haematology, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, United Kingdom.
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20
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Panagopoulos I, Teixeira MR, Micci F, Hammerstrøm J, Isaksson M, Johansson B, Mitelman F, Heim S. Acute myeloid leukemia with inv(8)(p11q13). Leuk Lymphoma 2000; 39:651-6. [PMID: 11342350 DOI: 10.3109/10428190009113397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A patient with acute monoblastic leukemia (AML M5a) and the pericentric inversion inv(8)(p11q13) as well as additional chromosome abnormalities in her bone marrow cells is described. This is the fourth known case of inv(8)(p11q13)-positive acute leukemia, and the second such case in which gain of 1q material occurred during clonal evolution. All patients with acute leukemia and inv(8)(p11q13) have been females, most have been young, and there has been a tendency for the disease to run an aggressive course. Both hematologically and cytogenetically, therefore, inv(8)(p11q13)-positive leukemia may be viewed as a variant of AML with t(8;16)(p11;p13). This similarity is also apparent at the molecular genetic level, in-as-much as the MOZ gene in 8p11 is rearranged in both the translocation and the inversion; in t(8;16)-positive leukemia, a MOZ-CBP chimeric gene is generated, whereas inv(8) has been shown to generate a MOZ-TIF2 fusion gene. Southern blot analysis of the present case after MOZ0.8 hybridization of Bam HI digested DNA gave an 11 kb aberrant band in addition to the germline band, corresponding to a breakpoint immediately upstream of the 4 kb long MOZ exon that begins at position 3746. Also previously investigated inv(8)-positive leukemias have shown breaks in this intron indicating that it contains sequence motifs predisposing to illegitimate recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Panagopoulos
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University Hospital, S-221 85 Lund, Sweden
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21
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Teixeira MR, Micci F, Dietrich CU, Heim S. Detailed genome-wide screening for inter- and intrachromosomal abnormalities by sequential G-banding and RxFISH color banding of the same metaphase cells. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 2000; 119:94-101. [PMID: 10867142 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(99)00220-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
While the now-classic chromosome banding methods, such as G-banding, remain the techniques of choice for the initial screening for karyotypic abnormalities, sometimes chromosomal rearrangements involve segments too small or too similarly banded to be detected or described adequately by these techniques. The necessity to use a genome-wide, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)-based screening technique as a complement to G-banding is especially obvious in cases where the information obtained by the latter analysis does not provide an adequate guide to the choice of probes for chromosome-specific FISH. Furthermore, the same metaphase cells should ideally be used for both G-banding and FISH analysis to overcome the scarcity of metaphases observed in many cases and to ensure the correct interpretation of chromosomal aberrations in cytogenetically unstable neoplasms with massive cell-to-cell karyotypic variability. We describe a protocol which enables cross-species color banding (RxFISH), a new FISH-based screening technique that simultaneously imparts specific color banding patterns on all chromosomes, of preparations that have been G-banded and mounted for up to several years, as well as a procedure allowing chromosome-specific painting of the same metaphase cells to resolve whatever doubts persist after the preceding G-banding and RxFISH analyses. This approach makes possible a detailed, genome-wide screening for inter- and intrachromosomal abnormalities including archival cases whose karyotypic rearrangements had been incompletely identified by G-banding.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Teixeira
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Petek E, Wagner K, Steiner H, Schaffer H, Kroisel PM. Prenatal diagnosis of partial trisomy 4q26-qter and monosomy for the Wolf-Hirschhorn critical region in a fetus with split hand malformation. Prenat Diagn 2000; 20:349-52. [PMID: 10740212 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0223(200004)20:4<349::aid-pd808>3.0.co;2-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We describe the results of prenatal analyses and postnatal findings in a male fetus with a partial trisomy for the long arm and a small terminal monosomy for the short arm of chromosome 4 with the following karyotype: 46,XY,add(4)(p16.3).ish dup(4)(q26qter)(wcp4+, D4S2336x3,AFMb280xa5x2,4ptel-,WHCR-). G-banding did not identify the origin of the additional chromosomal segment, but this was achieved prenatally by application of RxFISH and whole chromosome painting probes. Subsequent FISH analysis with region-specific YAC clones was used to relate the phenotypic findings such as bilateral split hand formation, specific cardiac and kidney anomalies, microtia, and hypoplastic thorax more exactly to the partial trisomy of the segment 4q26-qter.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Petek
- Institute of Medical Biology and Human Genetics, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Locus-specific multifluor FISH analysis allows physical characterization of complex chromosome abnormalities in neoplasia. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1098-2264(200007)28:3<347::aid-gcc14>3.0.co;2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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