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Takebayashi K, Echizenya K, Kameya Y, Nakajima D, Nakayama R, Fujishima Y, Goh VST, Abe Y, Kasai K, Anderson DA, Blakely WF, Miura T. Mitotic index maximization with no effect on radiation-induced dicentric chromosome frequency. Int J Radiat Biol 2022; 99:750-759. [PMID: 36318780 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2142981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The dicentric chromosome (Dic) assay, which is the gold standard for biological dose assessment in radiation emergency medicine, requires an analysis of at least 500 lymphocyte metaphases or 100 Dic aberrations. Therefore, peripheral blood culture conditions able to obtain a high frequency of metaphases for efficient dose evaluation should be optimized. However, the type of blood cultures [i.e. whole blood (WB) or isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-culture] and blood volume differ between biodosimetry laboratories. The purpose of this study is to investigate the blood volume at which a high mitotic index (MI) is obtained in peripheral WB-culture and isolated PBMC-culture, and to examine the possible effect of blood volume on radiation-induced Dic frequency. MATERIALS AND METHODS Peripheral blood was collected from three healthy donors with their informed consent. The complete and differential blood counts were performed using an automated hematology analyzer. After blood count, peripheral blood was irradiated with 0 or 2 Gy X-ray. Blood was cultured with phytohemagglutinin (180 μg/ml) and demecolcine (0.05 μg/ml) for 48 h. The MI and Dic frequency were analyzed in 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30% WB-cultures and 0.6, 1.2, 1.8, 2.4, 3.0, 3.6, and 4.2 ml WB-equivalent PBMC-cultures. RESULTS In WB-culture, MI showed the highest value (∼22%) in 5-15% WB-culture and then gradually decreased to ∼9% with 30% WB-culture. MI peaked at 36 and 31% in 1.8 and 2.4 ml-WB equivalent volumes for PMBC-cultures, respectively. MI progressively decreased as the amount of PBMCs increased. Although individual differences were observed in the MI values among the three subjects, all the subjects showed the same tendency and higher MI was seen in PBMC than WB-cultures. However, these factors had no significant impact on the yield of Dics. In all culture conditions, the estimated dose calculated based on the Dic frequency was equivalent to the absorbed dose of ex vivo X-ray-irradiated blood. CONCLUSION While MI was affected by the blood culture type and the volume of cultured blood, Dic yield did not differ significantly between these conditions. These results could be used by relevant laboratories to optimize MI in certain circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Takebayashi
- Department of Risk Analysis and Biodosimetry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Keito Echizenya
- Department of Risk Analysis and Biodosimetry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Yuki Kameya
- Department of Risk Analysis and Biodosimetry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Daichi Nakajima
- Department of Risk Analysis and Biodosimetry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Ryo Nakayama
- Department of Risk Analysis and Biodosimetry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Yohei Fujishima
- Department of Risk Analysis and Biodosimetry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Valerie Swee Ting Goh
- Department of Radiobiology, Singapore Nuclear Research and Safety Initiative, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yu Abe
- Department of Radiation Biology and Protection, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kasai
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Donovan A. Anderson
- Department of Risk Analysis and Biodosimetry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - William F. Blakely
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute (AFRRI), Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tomisato Miura
- Department of Risk Analysis and Biodosimetry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
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Yao Q, Gao J, Chen F, Li W. Development and application of an optimized drop-slide technique for metaphase chromosome spreads in maize. Biotech Histochem 2019; 95:276-284. [PMID: 31762324 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2019.1686167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome spreads are important for complex molecular cytogenetic studies. An adequate chromosome spreading method for identification and isolation of the maize B chromosome, however, has not been reported. We used the maize inbred lines, B73 and Mo17, the hybrid YD08 line and the landrace DP76 to develop an optimized chromosome spreading method. We investigated the effects of four treatment factors on the quality of metaphase chromosome spreads using a factorial analysis of variance. Optimal conditions for metaphase spreading were identified using regression analysis based on multifactor orthogonal design of four treatment factors with five levels for each factor. We developed optimal conditions for metaphase spreading as follows: nitrous oxide treatment for 2 h, glacial acetic acid fixation for 2 h, enzyme hydrolysis for 6.0 h, and a drop height of 35 cm for cell suspension. We obtained high quality metaphase chromosome spreads with large metaphase areas, large numbers of chromosomes, few chromosome overlaps and high frequency of intact metaphases. Our optimized drop-slide procedure was markedly better than the traditional flame smear technique. We identified 487 B chromosomes in three forms from maize landraces from Southwest China. We found no relation between the C-band number and B chromosome. Single B chromosomes also were isolated directly from a metaphase chromosome drop-slide using a micromanipulator. Our optimized method provides a simple, efficient and reproducible procedure for preparing high quality plant chromosome spreads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilun Yao
- Department of Life Sciences, Yangtze Normal University, Fuling 408100, P. R. China.,Centre for Green Development and Collaborative Innovation in Wuling Mountain Region, Yangtze Normal University, Fuling, 408100, P. R. China
| | - Jian Gao
- Department of Life Sciences, Yangtze Normal University, Fuling 408100, P. R. China.,Centre for Green Development and Collaborative Innovation in Wuling Mountain Region, Yangtze Normal University, Fuling, 408100, P. R. China
| | - Fabo Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, Yangtze Normal University, Fuling 408100, P. R. China.,Centre for Green Development and Collaborative Innovation in Wuling Mountain Region, Yangtze Normal University, Fuling, 408100, P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Li
- Department of Life Sciences, Yangtze Normal University, Fuling 408100, P. R. China.,Centre for Green Development and Collaborative Innovation in Wuling Mountain Region, Yangtze Normal University, Fuling, 408100, P. R. China
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Mechanism of apoptosis induction in human breast cancer MCF-7 cell by Ruviprase, a small peptide from Daboia russelii russelii venom. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 258:297-304. [PMID: 27613483 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Abdel-Hameed ESS, Bazaid SA, Hagag HA. Chemical characterization ofRosa damascena Miller var. trigintipetala Dieck essential oil and itsin vitrogenotoxic and cytotoxic properties. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2015.1099120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Hagag HA, Bazaid SA, Abdel-Hameed ESS, Salman M. Cytogenetic, cytotoxic and GC-MS studies on concrete and absolute oils from Taif rose, Saudi Arabia. Cytotechnology 2014; 66:913-23. [PMID: 24101441 PMCID: PMC4235938 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-013-9644-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Taif rose (Rosa damascena trigintipetala Dieck) is a sort of damask rose, which is considered as one of the most important economic products of Taif. In this study, the authors investigated the possible cytotoxic, genotoxic, antimutagenic and anticancer effect of concrete and absolute rose oils. The results showed that both concrete and absolute rose oils were cytotoxically and genotoxically safe at a dose of 10 μg/ml when tested on cultures of normal human blood lymphocytes. Also, the results showed significant antimutagenic activity at p < 0.001 for absolute rose oil at the same dose level when tested on cultures of normal human blood lymphocytes supplemented with 300 ng/ml mitomycin C (MMC). On the other hand, concrete and absolute oils exerted a cytotoxic activity against two kinds of human cancer cell lines: HepG2 and MCF7. Concrete oil showed cytotoxic activity against HepG2 and MCF7 with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 16.28 and 18.09 μg/ml, respectively, whereas absolute rose oil showed its cytotoxic activity against HepG2 and MCF7 with an IC50 of 24.94 and 19.69, respectively. From this study, it is concluded that concrete and absolute rose oils are cytotoxically and genotoxically safe at a dose of 10 μg/ml when tested on cultures of normal human blood lymphocytes. In addition, absolute oil has an antimutagenic activity at the same dose. Further investigations are needed to study the activity of higher doses of both oils in vitro and in vivo in experimental animals in order to evaluate the capability of using these oils as therapeutic for treatment of some kinds of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba A. Hagag
- />Cytogentic Unit, Main Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pathology, Cairo University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Salih A. Bazaid
- />Natural Products Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - El-Sayed S. Abdel-Hameed
- />Natural Products Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- />Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mahmood Salman
- />Natural Products Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Wang L, Sun Y, Yang W, Lindo P, Singh BR. Type A botulinum neurotoxin complex proteins differentially modulate host response of neuronal cells. Toxicon 2014; 82:52-60. [PMID: 24560879 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Type A Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT/A), the most potent poison known to mankind, is produced by Clostridium botulinum type A as a complex with neurotoxin-associated proteins (NAPs). Currently BoNT/A in purified and complex forms are both available in therapeutic and cosmetic applications to treat neuromuscular disorders. Whereas Xeomin(®) (incobotulinumtoxin A, Merz Pharmaceuticals, Germany) is free from complexing proteins, Botox(®) (onabotulinumtoxin A, Allergan, USA) contains NAPs, which by themselves have no known role in the intracellular biochemical process involved in the blockade of neurotransmitter release. Since the fate and possible interactions of NAPs with patient tissues after intramuscular injection are not known, it was the aim of this study to evaluate the binding of BoNT/A and/or the respective NAPs to cells derived from neuronal and non-neuronal human tissues, and to further explore neuronal cell responses to different components of BoNT/A. BoNT/A alone, the complete BoNT/A complex, and the NAPs alone, all bind to neuronal SH-SY5Y cells. The BoNT/A complex and NAPs additionally bind to RMS13 skeletal muscle cells, TIB-152 lymphoblasts, Detroit 551 fibroblasts besides the SH-SY5Y cells. However, no binding to these non-neuronal cells was observed with pure BoNT/A. Although BoNT/A, both in its purified and complex forms, bind to SH-SY5Y, the intracellular responses of the SH-SY5Y cells to these BoNT/A components are not clearly understood. Examination of inflammatory cytokine released from SH-SY5Y cells revealed that BoNT/A did not increase the release of inflammatory cytokines, whereas exposure to NAPs significantly increased release of IL-6, and MCP-1, and exposure to BoNT/A complex significantly increased release of IL-6, MCP-1, IL-8, TNF-α, and RANTES vs. control, suggesting that different components of BoNT/A complex induce significantly differential host response in human neuronal cells. Results suggest that host response to different compositions of BoNT/A based therapeutics may play important role in local and systemic symptoms in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Prime Bio Inc., Dartmouth, MA 02747, USA.
| | - Yi Sun
- Prime Bio Inc., Dartmouth, MA 02747, USA
| | | | - Paul Lindo
- Prime Bio Inc., Dartmouth, MA 02747, USA
| | - Bal Ram Singh
- Prime Bio Inc., Dartmouth, MA 02747, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dartmouth, MA 02747, USA
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Influence of glutathione levels on radiation-induced chromosomal DNA damage and repair in human peripheral lymphocytes. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2009; 675:23-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2009.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2008] [Revised: 01/08/2009] [Accepted: 02/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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p53-dependent antiproliferative and antitumor effect of novel alkyl series of diorganotin(IV) compounds. Invest New Drugs 2008; 27:319-26. [PMID: 18802665 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-008-9176-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2008] [Accepted: 09/03/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A series of diorganotin(IV) dichloride complexes of N-(2-pyridylmethylene)arylamine (nitrogen-chelating ligands) have been synthesized and characterized. The present study was carried out to investigate the comparative anti-proliferative and anti-tumor effect of Me(2)SnCl(2.)L(1) (OTC-1), Et(2)SnCl(2.)L(2) (OTC-2) and (n)Bu(2)SnCl. L(2) (OTC-3) in combination with X-rays (1.5 Gy). METHOD The cytotoxicity of these diorganotin(IV) compounds was studied in human peripheral lymphocytes and the antitumor activity was assessed in Dalton's lymphoma cells. The involvement of proteins that regulate cell cycle and apoptosis was investigated to elucidate the mechanism of their action. RESULTS 5 mg kg(-1) of OTC-3 showed better antiproliferative and antitumor activity than OTC-1 and OTC-2, both as alone or in combination with X-rays. The maximum enhancement of exchange aberrations and the level of p53 and p16 proteins were observed in the OTC-3 treated samples. Upregulated expression of p53 caused a significant down-regulated transcriptionally repression of Survivin in OTC-3 treated human lymphocytes. CONCLUSION It could be possible that after treatment with either OTC-3 alone or in combination with X-rays the Dalton's lymphoma cells may die apoptotically after inducing initial delay in cell cycle and thereby survivality of mouse bearing Dalton's Lymphoma cells was increased significantly.
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Koch B, Baul TSB, Chatterjee A. Cell proliferation inhibition and antitumor activity of novel alkyl series of diorganotin(IV) compounds. J Appl Toxicol 2008; 28:430-8. [PMID: 17668440 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Diorganotin(IV) compounds, R2SnCl2 are often tetrahedral, and structurally resemble the active platinum compounds, i.e. cisplatin, and consequently a large number of such complexes have been tested for antitumor activity. A structural correlation with biological activity for diorganotin(IV) complexes has shown that active species are associated with complexes having Sn-N bonds longer than 2.39 A which in turn determines the formation of a tin-DNA complex. In view of these, a series of diorganotin(IV) dichloride complexes of N-(2-pyridylmethylene)arylamine (nitrogen-chelating ligands) has been synthesized and characterized on the basis of IR, NMR and 119Sn-Mössbauer studies. In the present study, an attempt was made to determine the comparative antiproliferative and antitumor effect of diorganotin(IV) complexes with different alkyl groups [Me2SnCl2.L1 (OTC-1), Et2SnCl2.L2 (OTC-2) and (n)Bu2SnCl2.L2 (OTC-3)]. The present study in human lymphocytes demonstrated that these diorganotin(IV) complexes could block the cell cycle progression and induce sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) significantly, however, with respect to the induction of chromosome aberrations (CAs) it was very mild. Both the levels of p53 and p16 proteins were raised after diorganotin(IV) treatment and such induction was maximum in the OTC-3 treated samples. The antitumor activity was determined in accordance with the US National Cancer Institute (NCI) standard protocol for primary screening in Dalton's lymphoma that was maintained by serial intraperitoneal transplantation. The T/C (treated/control) value was increased (186% with OTC-3) when diorganotin(IV) was given after transplantation. The data suggest that the OTC-3 has better antiproliferative and antitumor activity and endogenous glutathione level has no influence on the effect of OTC-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biplob Koch
- Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India
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Ray S, Chatterjee A. Influence of endogenous glutathione level on X-ray induced cell cycle delay in human lymphocytes. Cell Prolif 2006; 39:37-47. [PMID: 16426421 PMCID: PMC6496169 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2006.00365.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, induction of chromosomal aberration after X-irradiation and the pattern of cell cycle kinetics have been investigated in human lymphocytes, after exogenous addition of reduced glutathione or by depleting levels of reduced glutathione endogenously. Involvement of cell cycle regulator proteins such as p53 and p21 has been investigated to elucidate their role in induction of delay in cell cycle progression after irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ray
- Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
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Deng W, Tsao SW, Lucas JN, Leung CS, Cheung ALM. A new method for improving metaphase chromosome spreading. Cytometry A 2003; 51:46-51. [PMID: 12500304 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.10004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The success of complex molecular cytogenetic studies depends on having properly spread chromosomes. However, inconsistency of optimum chromosome spreading remains a major problem in cytogenetic studies. METHODS The metaphase spreading process was carefully timed to identify the most critical phase of chromosome spreading. The effects of dropping height of cell suspension, slide condition, drying time, fixative ratio, and relative humidity on the quality of metaphase spreads were studied by quantitative examination of metaphase chromosome spreads. Normal and immortalized human epithelial ovarian cells, neuroblastoma cells, and normal lymphocytes were tested. RESULTS Humidity over the slide was the most important variable affecting the quality of chromosome spreads. Consistent improvement in chromosome spreading (larger metaphase area, less chromosome overlaps, or lower frequencies of broken metaphases) was obtained for all cell types if dynamic cell rehydration, occurring as fixative absorbs moisture from air, was made to coincide with the prompt fixation of spread chromosomes to the slide. This was achieved by dropping cells on dry glass slides placed in a shallow metal tray and then quickly lowering the tray into a covered 50 degrees C water bath for slide drying. CONCLUSIONS A new and simple method for improving metaphase chromosome spreading was developed based on our study on the characteristics of chromosome spreading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Deng
- Department of Anatomy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
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Hoffmann GR, Sayer AM, Joiner EE, McFee AF, Littlefield LG. Analysis by FISH of the spectrum of chromosome aberrations induced by X-rays in G0 human lymphocytes and their fate through mitotic divisions in culture. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 1999; 33:94-110. [PMID: 10217064 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-2280(1999)33:2<94::aid-em2>3.0.co;2-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The induction, distribution, and persistence of chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes exposed to X-rays in G0 were analyzed in 48-, 70-, and 94-hr cultures by conventional metaphase analysis and painting of chromosomes 1, 2, and 4 by FISH. All cells that had been scored by FISH were relocated to determine by differential staining of chromatids whether they had passed through 1, 2, or > or =3 divisions. FISH revealed a dose-dependent induction of stable and unstable aberrations, while chromatid labeling showed mitotic lag caused by irradiation in G0. Relative to their DNA contents, there was a small but significant overrepresentation of chromosome 4 and underrepresentation of chromosome 2 among the aberrations involving chromosomes 1, 2, and 4. FISH slightly underestimated the genomic frequency of unstable aberrations measured by conventional metaphase analysis. There was a slight excess of translocations relative to dicentrics, but the data are compatible with the 1:1 ratio expected from cytogenetic theory. Many of the translocations were apparently incomplete (i.e., nonreciprocal). Incomplete translocations were more frequent at higher X-ray dose and in first division, suggesting that they may be associated with complex damage and are more apt to be lost in mitosis than complete translocations. Among the incomplete translocations, t(Ab) outnumbered t(Ba) -- a difference ascribable to the FISH technique. Aberration frequencies declined as the cells divided in culture. The overall decline in the frequency of aberrant cells (approximately 29% per cell generation) reflects a rapid decline in dicentrics and fragments (approximately 60% per cell generation) and the relative stability of translocations. The frequency of translocation-bearing cells underwent a modest decline in culture (approximately 13% per cell generation).
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Hoffmann
- Department of Biology, College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, Massachusetts 01610, USA
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