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Martins-Junior AM, Sampaio I, Silva A, Boubli J, Hrbek T, Farias I, Ruiz-García M, Schneider H. Out of the shadows: Multilocus systematics and biogeography of night monkeys suggest a Central Amazonian origin and a very recent widespread southeastward expansion in South America. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2022; 170:107426. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Koga A, Tanabe H, Hirai Y, Imai H, Imamura M, Oishi T, Stanyon R, Hirai H. Co-Opted Megasatellite DNA Drives Evolution of Secondary Night Vision in Azara's Owl Monkey. Genome Biol Evol 2017; 9:1963-1970. [PMID: 28810713 PMCID: PMC5553404 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evx142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Owl monkeys (genus Aotus) are the only taxon in simian primates that consists of nocturnal or otherwise cathemeral species. Their night vision is superior to that of other monkeys, apes, and humans but not as good as that of typical nocturnal mammals. This incomplete night vision has been used to conclude that these monkeys only secondarily adapted to a nocturnal lifestyle, or to their cathemeral lifestyle that involves high night-time activity. It is known that the rod cells of many nocturnal mammals possess a unique nuclear architecture in which heterochromatin is centrally located. This "inverted nuclear architecture", in contrast with "conventional nuclear architecture", provides elevated night vision by passing light efficiently to the outer segments of photoreceptors. Owl monkey rod cells exhibit an intermediate chromatin distribution, which may provide them with less efficient night vision than other nocturnal mammals. Recently, we identified three megasatellite DNAs in the genome of Azara's owl monkey (Aotus azarae). In the present study, we show that one of the three megasatellite DNAs, OwlRep, serves as the primary component of the heterochromatin block located in the central space of the rod nucleus in A. azarae. This satellite DNA is likely to have emerged in the Aotus lineage after its divergence from those of other platyrrhini taxa and underwent a rapid expansion in the genome. Our results indicate that the heterochromatin core in the A. azarae rod nucleus was newly formed in A. azarae or its recent ancestor, and supports the hypothesis that A. azarae, and with all probability other Aotus species, secondarily acquired night vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Koga
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Tanabe
- Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama, Japan
| | - Yuriko Hirai
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan
| | - Hiroo Imai
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan
| | | | - Takao Oishi
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan
| | | | - Hirohisa Hirai
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan
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Interspecific Chromosome Painting Provides Clues to the Ancestral Karyotype of the New World Monkey Genus Aotus. J MAMM EVOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10914-017-9403-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Jameson Kiesling NM, Yi SV, Xu K, Gianluca Sperone F, Wildman DE. The tempo and mode of New World monkey evolution and biogeography in the context of phylogenomic analysis. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2014; 82 Pt B:386-99. [PMID: 24792088 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The development and evolution of organisms is heavily influenced by their environment. Thus, understanding the historical biogeography of taxa can provide insights into their evolutionary history, adaptations and trade-offs realized throughout time. In the present study we have taken a phylogenomic approach to infer New World monkey phylogeny, upon which we have reconstructed the biogeographic history of extant platyrrhines. In order to generate sufficient phylogenetic signal within the New World monkey clade, we carried out a large-scale phylogenetic analysis of approximately 40 kb of non-genic genomic DNA sequence in a 36 species subset of extant New World monkeys. Maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analysis all converged on a single optimal tree topology. Divergence dating and biogeographic analysis reconstruct the timing and geographic location of divergence events. The ancestral area reconstruction describes the geographic locations of the last common ancestor of extant platyrrhines and provides insight into key biogeographic events occurring during platyrrhine diversification. Through these analyses we conclude that the diversification of the platyrrhines took place concurrently with the establishment and diversification of the Amazon rainforest. This suggests that an expanding rainforest environment rather than geographic isolation drove platyrrhine diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soojin V Yi
- School of Biology, Institute of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Institute of Biosystems, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Ke Xu
- School of Biology, Institute of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Institute of Biosystems, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - F Gianluca Sperone
- Department of Geology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Derek E Wildman
- Computational Genomic Medicine, Institute for Genomic Biology, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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Prakhongcheep O, Chaiprasertsri N, Terada S, Hirai Y, Srikulnath K, Hirai H, Koga A. Heterochromatin blocks constituting the entire short arms of acrocentric chromosomes of Azara's owl monkey: formation processes inferred from chromosomal locations. DNA Res 2013; 20:461-70. [PMID: 23761219 PMCID: PMC3789557 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dst023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Centromeres and telomeres of higher eukaryotes generally contain repetitive sequences, which often form pericentric or subtelomeric heterochromatin blocks. C-banding analysis of chromosomes of Azara's owl monkey, a primate species, showed that the short arms of acrocentric chromosomes consist mostly or solely of constitutive heterochromatin. The purpose of the present study was to determine which category, pericentric, or subtelomeric is most appropriate for this heterochromatin, and to infer its formation processes. We cloned and sequenced its DNA component, finding it to be a tandem repeat sequence comprising 187-bp repeat units, which we named OwlRep. Subsequent hybridization analyses revealed that OwlRep resides in the pericentric regions of a small number of metacentric chromosomes, in addition to the short arms of acrocentric chromosomes. Further, in the pericentric regions of the acrocentric chromosomes, OwlRep was observed on the short-arm side only. This distribution pattern of OwlRep among chromosomes can be simply and sufficiently explained by assuming (i) OwlRep was transferred from chromosome to chromosome by the interaction of pericentric heterochromatin, and (ii) it was amplified there as subtelomeric heterochromatin. OwlRep carries several direct and inverted repeats within its repeat units. This complex structure may lead to a higher frequency of chromosome scission and may thus be a factor in the unique distribution pattern among chromosomes. Neither OwlRep nor similar sequences were found in the genomes of the other New World monkey species we examined, suggesting that OwlRep underwent rapid amplification after the divergence of the owl monkey lineage from lineages of the other species.
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Prakhongcheep O, Hirai Y, Hara T, Srikulnath K, Hirai H, Koga A. Two types of alpha satellite DNA in distinct chromosomal locations in Azara's owl monkey. DNA Res 2013; 20:235-40. [PMID: 23477842 PMCID: PMC3686428 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dst004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha satellite DNA is a repetitive sequence known to be a major DNA component of centromeres in primates (order Primates). New World monkeys form one major taxon (parvorder Platyrrhini) of primates, and their alpha satellite DNA is known to comprise repeat units of around 340 bp. In one species (Azara's owl monkey Aotus azarae) of this taxon, we identified two types of alpha satellite DNA consisting of 185- and 344-bp repeat units that we designated as OwlAlp1 and OwlAlp2, respectively. OwlAlp2 exhibits similarity throughout its entire sequence to the alpha satellite DNA of other New World monkeys. The chromosomal locations of the two types of sequence are markedly distinct: OwlAlp1 was observed at the centromeric constrictions, whereas OwlAlp2 was found in the pericentric regions. From these results, we inferred that OwlAlp1 was derived from OwlAlp2 and rapidly replaced OwlAlp2 as the principal alpha satellite DNA on a short time scale at the speciation level. A less likely alternative explanation is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ornjira Prakhongcheep
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama City 484-8506, Japan
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Yuriko Hirai
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama City 484-8506, Japan
| | - Toru Hara
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama City 484-8506, Japan
| | - Kornsorn Srikulnath
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Hirohisa Hirai
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama City 484-8506, Japan
| | - Akihiko Koga
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama City 484-8506, Japan
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Joffe B, Peichl L, Hendrickson A, Leonhardt H, Solovei I. Diurnality and Nocturnality in Primates: An Analysis from the Rod Photoreceptor Nuclei Perspective. Evol Biol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-013-9240-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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JAMESON NATALIEM, XU KE, YI SOOJINV, WILDMAN DEREKE. Development and annotation of shotgun sequence libraries from New World monkeys. Mol Ecol Resour 2012; 12:950-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2012.03162.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- NATALIE M. JAMESON
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 East Canfield, Detroit, MI 48021, USA
| | - KE XU
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 310 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - SOOJIN V. YI
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 310 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - DEREK E. WILDMAN
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 East Canfield, Detroit, MI 48021, USA
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10
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Babb PL, Fernandez-Duque E, Baiduc CA, Gagneux P, Evans S, Schurr TG. mtDNA diversity in azara's owl monkeys (Aotus azarai azarai) of the Argentinean Chaco. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2011; 146:209-24. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Stanyon R, Garofalo F, Steinberg ER, Capozzi O, Di Marco S, Nieves M, Archidiacono N, Mudry MD. Chromosome painting in two genera of South American monkeys: species identification, conservation, and management. Cytogenet Genome Res 2011; 134:40-50. [PMID: 21335958 DOI: 10.1159/000324415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytogenetic studies showed that a number of New World primate taxa, particularly the genera Alouatta, Aotus, and Callicebus, have highly derived karyotypes. Cytogenetics in these primates, at every level of analysis, has contributed to the recognition of species and revealed that their number was certainly underestimated by researchers relying solely on traditional morphological data. Further attention was drawn to Alouatta and Aotus because they are characterized by translocations of the Y chromosome to autosomes, generating multiple sex chromosome systems. Here we present a report on the hybridization of human chromosome-specific paints on metaphases from 4 individuals originally assigned to Alouatta caraya and 1 individual of Aotuslemurinus. This is only the third karyotype studied with chromosome painting out of more than 10 known karyomorphs in Aotus. The banded chromosomes matched those of karyotype II as defined by Ma et al. [1976a], and we were able to more precisely assign the origin of the sample to A. l. griseimembra. Our results on the Argentinean Alouatta caraya samples were generally comparable to the banding and hybridization pattern of previous studies of A. caraya including the presence of an X(1)X(1)X(2)X(2)/X(1)X(2)Y(1)Y(2) sex chromosome system. The karyotype of the Brazilian Alouatta sample labeled as A. caraya differs from the 3 Argentinean samples by at least 10 chromosome rearrangements. The diploid number, G banding, and hybridization pattern of this female cell line was almost identical to previous painting results on Alouatta guariba guariba. Therefore we must conclude that this cell line is actually from an A. guariba guariba individual. The contribution of cytogenetic tools in identifying species or in this case assigning individuals or cell lines to their precise taxonomic allocation is stressed. Gathering further molecular cytogenetic data on New World primates should be conservation and management priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Stanyon
- Dipartimento di Biologia Evoluzionistica, Laboratori di Antropologia, Firenze, Italy.
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Menezes AN, Bonvicino CR, Seuánez HN. Identification, classification and evolution of owl monkeys (Aotus, Illiger 1811). BMC Evol Biol 2010; 10:248. [PMID: 20704725 PMCID: PMC2931504 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-10-248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Accepted: 08/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Owl monkeys, belonging to the genus Aotus, have been extensively used as animal models in biomedical research but few reports have focused on the taxonomy and phylogeography of this genus. Moreover, the morphological similarity of several Aotus species has led to frequent misidentifications, mainly at the boundaries of their distribution. In this study, sequence data from five mitochondrial regions and the nuclear, Y-linked, SRY gene were used for species identification and phylogenetic reconstructions using well characterized specimens of Aotus nancymaae, A. vociferans, A. lemurinus, A. griseimembra, A. trivirgatus, A. nigriceps, A. azarae boliviensis and A. infulatus. RESULTS The complete MT-CO1, MT-TS1, MT-TD, MT-CO2, MT-CYB regions were sequenced in 18 Aotus specimens. ML and Bayesian topologies of concatenated data and separate regions allowed for the proposition of a tentative Aotus phylogeny, indicating that Aotus diverged some 4.62 Million years before present (MYBP). Similar analyses with included GenBank specimens were useful for assessing species identification of deposited data. CONCLUSIONS Alternative phylogenetic reconstructions, when compared with karyotypic and biogeographic data, led to the proposition of evolutionary scenarios questioning the conventional diversification of this genus in monophyletic groups with grey and red necks. Moreover, genetic distance estimates and haplotypic differences were useful for species validations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert N Menezes
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária - 21949-570 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cibele R Bonvicino
- Programa de Genética - Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rua André Cavalcanti, 37 - 4° andar, 20231-050 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Reservatórios Silvestres, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Hector N Seuánez
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária - 21949-570 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Programa de Genética - Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rua André Cavalcanti, 37 - 4° andar, 20231-050 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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14
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Evolutionary inferences on the diversity of the genus Aotus (Platyrrhini, Cebidae) from mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit II gene sequences. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2009; 51:382-7. [PMID: 19405201 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2009.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Abstract
Phylogenetic reconstructions are often plagued by difficulties in distinguishing phylogenetic signal (due to shared ancestry) from phylogenetic noise or homoplasy (due to character-state convergences or reversals). We use a new interpretive hypothesis, termed hemiplasy, to show how random lineage sorting might account for specific instances of seeming "phylogenetic discordance" among different chromosomal traits, or between karyotypic features and probable species phylogenies. We posit that hemiplasy is generally less likely for underdominant chromosomal polymorphisms (i.e., those with heterozygous disadvantage) than for neutral polymorphisms or especially for overdominant rearrangements (which should tend to be longer-lived), and we illustrate this concept by using examples from chiropterans and afrotherians. Chromosomal states are especially powerful in phylogenetic reconstructions because they offer strong signatures of common ancestry, but their evolutionary interpretations remain fully subject to the principles of cladistics and the potential complications of hemiplasy.
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Fernandez-Duque E, Di Fiore A, Carrillo-Bilbao G. Behavior, Ecology, and Demography of Aotus vociferans in Yasuní National Park, Ecuador. INT J PRIMATOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-008-9244-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Wolovich CK, Evans S, French JA. Dads do not pay for sex but do buy the milk: food sharing and reproduction in owl monkeys (Aotus spp.). Anim Behav 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2007.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Nagao K, Takenaka N, Hirai M, Kawamura S. Coupling and decoupling of evolutionary mode between X- and Y-chromosomal red-green opsin genes in owl monkeys. Gene 2005; 352:82-91. [PMID: 15922519 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2005.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2004] [Revised: 03/17/2005] [Accepted: 04/01/2005] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We previously discovered Y-chromosomal red-green opsin genes in two types of owl monkeys with different chromosomal characteristics. In one type, the Y-linked opsin gene is a single-copy intact gene and in the other, the genes exist as multiple pseudogenes on a Y/autosome fusion chromosome. In the present study, we first distinguished the two types of monkeys as distinct allopatric species on the basis of karyotypic characteristics: Aotus lemurinus griseimembra (Karyotype III, diploid chromosome number [2n]=53) and Aotus azarae boliviensis (Karyotype VI; male 2n=49; female 2n=50), belonging to the northern and southern species groups, respectively, separated by the Amazon River system. Our sequence analysis revealed a common L1-Alu-Alu insertion between the two species in the 3'-flanking region of the X-linked opsin genes. The insertion was absent in the Y-linked opsin genes and in the human red and green opsin genes, indicating that it occurred in the X copy before the split into northern and southern species and after the X to Y duplication, i.e. duplication preceded speciation. We also show that in the northern species, the Y-linked opsin gene has evolved concomitantly with the X-linked copy whereas in the southern species, the Y-autosome fusion possibly led to decoupling evolutionary processes between X- and Y-linked copies and subsequent degeneration and duplications of the Y-linked opsin gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Nagao
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Seimeitou #502, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
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Seuánez HN, Bonvicino CR, Moreira MAM. The primates of the Neotropics: genomes and chromosomes. Cytogenet Genome Res 2005; 108:38-46. [PMID: 15545714 DOI: 10.1159/000080800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2003] [Accepted: 11/03/2003] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The classification of neotropical primates has been controversial. Different arrangements have been proposed, depending on taxonomic criteria and on the traits selected for phylogenetic reconstructions. These include gross morphologic characters, karyotypic attributes and DNA sequence data of nuclear and mitochondrial genes and of repetitive genomic components. These approaches have substantially clarified the main intergeneric relationships although several intrageneric arrangements still remain to be elucidated. In this review, we compare karyologic and molecular data of this speciose group.
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Affiliation(s)
- H N Seuánez
- Genetics Division, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Ruiz-Herrera A, García F, Aguilera M, Garcia M, Ponsà Fontanals M. Comparative chromosome painting in Aotus reveals a highly derived evolution. Am J Primatol 2005; 65:73-85. [PMID: 15645457 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.20098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The genus Aotus represents a highly diverse group with an especially intricate taxonomy. No standard cytogenetic nomenclature for the genus has yet been established. So far, cytogenetic studies have characterized 18 different karyotypes with diploid numbers ranging from 46 to 58 chromosomes. By combining G-banding comparisons and molecular cytogenetic techniques, we were able to describe the most likely pattern of chromosome evolution and phylogenetic position of two Aotus karyomorphs (KMs) from Venezuela: Aotus nancymai (KM3, 2n=54) and Aotus sp. (KM9, 2n=50). All of the proposed Platyrrhini ancestral associations (2/16, 3/21, 5/7, 8/18, 10/16, 14/15) were found in the Aotus KMs studied, except 2/16 and 10/16. In addition, some derived chromosomal associations were also detected in both KMs (1/3, 1/16, 2/12, 2/20, 3/14, 4/15, 5/15, 7/11, 9/15, 9/17, 10/11, and 10/22). Although some of these associations have been found in other New World monkeys, our results suggest that Aotus species have undergone a highly derived chromosomal evolution. The homologies between these two Aotus KMs and human chromosomes were established, indicating that KM3 has a more derived karyotype than KM9 with respect to the ancestral Platyrrhini karyotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Ruiz-Herrera
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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22
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Cardenas PP, Suarez CF, Martinez P, Patarroyo ME, Patarroyo MA. MHC class I genes in the owl monkey: mosaic organisation, convergence and loci diversity. Immunogenetics 2005; 56:818-32. [PMID: 15654599 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-004-0751-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2004] [Revised: 11/09/2004] [Accepted: 11/09/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The MHC class I molecule plays an important role in immune response, pathogen recognition and response against vaccines and self- versus non-self-recognition. Studying MHC class I characteristics thus became a priority when dealing with Aotus to ensure its use as an animal model for biomedical research. Isolation, cloning and sequencing of exons 1-8 from 27 MHC class I alleles obtained from 13 individuals classified as belonging to three owl monkey species (A. nancymaae, A. nigriceps and A. vociferans) were carried out to establish similarities between Aotus MHC class I genes and those expressed by other New and Old World primates. Six Aotus MHC class I sequence groups (Ao-g1, Ao-g2, Ao-g3, Ao-g4, Ao-g5 and Ao-g6) weakly related to non-classical Catarrhini MHC were identified. An allelic lineage was also identified in one A. nancymaae and two A. vociferans monkeys, exhibiting a high degree of conservation, negative selection along the molecule and premature termination of the open reading frame at exon 5 (Ao-g5). These sequences' high conservation suggests that they more likely correspond to a soluble form of Aotus MHC class I molecules than to a new group of processed pseudogenes. Another group, named Ao-g6, exhibited a strong relationship with Catarrhini's classical MHC-B-C loci. Sequence evolution and variability analysis indicated that Aotus MHC class I molecules experience inter-locus gene conversion phenomena, contributing towards their high variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula P Cardenas
- Molecular Biology Department, Fundacion Instituto de Inmunologia de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
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Stanyon R, Bigoni F, Slaby T, Muller S, Stone G, Bonvicino CR, Neusser M, Seuánez HN. Multi-directional chromosome painting maps homologies between species belonging to three genera of New World monkeys and humans. Chromosoma 2004; 113:305-15. [PMID: 15616867 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-004-0320-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2004] [Revised: 09/17/2004] [Accepted: 09/27/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We mapped chromosomal homologies in two species of Chiropotes (Pitheciini, Saki Monkeys) and one species of Aotus (Aotinae, Owl Monkey) by multi-directional chromosome painting. Human chromosome probes were hybridized to Chiropotes utahicki, C. israelita and Aotus nancymae metaphases. Wooly Monkey chromosome paints were also hybridized to Owl Monkey metaphases. We established Owl Monkey chromosome paint probes by flow sorting and reciprocally hybridized them to human chromosomes. The karyotypes of the Bearded Saki Monkeys studied here are close to the hypothesized ancestral platyrrhine karytoype, while that of the Owl Monkey appears to be highly derived. The A. nancymae karyotype is highly shuffled and only three human syntenic groups were found conserved coexisting with 17 derived human homologous associations. A minimum of 14 fissions and 13 fusions would be required to derive the A. nancymae karyotype from that of the ancestral New World primate karyotype. An inversion between homologs to segments of human 10 and 16 suggests a link between Callicebus and Chiropotes, while the syntenic association of 10/11 found in Aotus and Callicebus suggests a link between these two genera. Future molecular cytogenetic work will be needed to determine whether these rearrangements represent synapomorphic chromosomal traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Stanyon
- Comparative Molecular Cytogenetics Core, BRL, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA.
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24
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Suárez CF, Cárdenas PP, Llanos-Ballestas EJ, Martínez P, Obregón M, Patarroyo ME, Patarroyo MA. Alpha1 and alpha2 domains of Aotus MHC class I and Catarrhini MHC class Ia share similar characteristics. TISSUE ANTIGENS 2003; 61:362-73. [PMID: 12753655 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0039.2003.00045.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Functional and structural analyses of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules of the Aotus genus are necessary to validate it as a solid animal model for biomedical research. We thus isolated, cloned and sequenced exons 2 and 3 from three Aotus species (A. nancymaae, A. nigriceps and A. vociferans). We found 24 sequences, which divided into two different groups (Ao-g1 and Ao-g2). A further sequence was identified as a processed pseudogene (Aona-PS2). Both sequence evolution and variability analyses showed that Ao-g1 and Ao-g2 display similar characteristics to Catarrhini's classical loci, such as positive selection pressure at the peptide binding region (PBR) high variability and a trans-specific evolution pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Suárez
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia, FIDIC, Bogotá, Colombia.
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25
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Pinzón-Charry A, Vernot JP, Rodríguez R, Patarroyo ME. Proliferative response of peripheral blood lymphocytes to mitogens in the owl monkey Aotus nancymae. J Med Primatol 2003; 32:31-8. [PMID: 12733600 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0684.2003.00004.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The new world primate Aotus sp. has been recommended by the World Health Organization as a model for evaluation of malaria vaccine candidates, given its susceptibility to experimental infection with the human malaria parasites Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax. The present study examined the in vitro proliferative response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from Aotus monkeys, utilizing a wide range of mitogens. Results presented herein demonstrate that the in vitro proliferative response of PBMCs from the Aotus sp. is quite variable from monkey to monkey for each of the mitogens assessed. PBMCs from the Aotus monkey exhibited a delayed kinetic proliferative response and, particularly, a different sensitivity to proliferation in response to various concentrations of Phytohemagglutinin-P and favin lectins, the phorbol ester Phorbol myristate acetate and the calcium ionophore ionomycin. Altogether, our findings are consistent with the conclusion that the in vitro proliferative response of PBMCs from the Aotus differ in their activation requirements compared with PBMCs from humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Pinzón-Charry
- Fundación Instituto de Immunología de Colombia, FIDIC, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
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