1
|
How Antidepressant Drugs Affect the Antielectroshock Action of Antiseizure Drugs in Mice: A Critical Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052521. [PMID: 33802323 PMCID: PMC7959142 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression coexists with epilepsy, worsening its course. Treatment of the two diseases enables the possibility of interactions between antidepressant and antiepileptic drugs. The aim of this review was to analyze such interactions in one animal seizure model-the maximal electroshock (MES) in mice. Although numerous antidepressants showed an anticonvulsant action, mianserin exhibited a proconvulsant effect against electroconvulsions. In most cases, antidepressants potentiated or remained ineffective in relation to the antielectroshock action of classical antiepileptic drugs. However, mianserin and trazodone reduced the action of valproate, phenytoin, and carbamazepine against the MES test. Antiseizure drug effects were potentiated by all groups of antidepressants independently of their mechanisms of action. Therefore, other factors, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) modulation, should be considered as the background for the effect of drug combinations.
Collapse
|
2
|
Yamaguchi K, Kazuta Y, Hirano K, Yamada S, Matsuda A, Shuto S. Synthesis of 1-arylpiperazyl-2-phenylcyclopropanes designed as antidopaminergic agents: Cyclopropane-based conformationally restricted analogs of haloperidol. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:8875-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2008] [Revised: 08/25/2008] [Accepted: 08/26/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
3
|
Kazuta Y, Abe H, Matsuda A, Shuto S. Highly Stereoselective Grignard Addition to Cis-Substituted C-Cyclopropylaldonitrones. The Bisected s-Trans Transition State Can Be Stabilized Effectively by the Lewis Acid-Coordination. J Org Chem 2004; 69:9143-50. [PMID: 15609948 DOI: 10.1021/jo048637e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We previously found that Grignard addition to a C-cyclopropylaldonitrone, C-[cis-2-(N,N-diethylcarbamoyl)-trans-2-phenylcyclopropyl]-N-benzylaldonitrone (1), stereoselectively gave the anti-product 3, in which the stereoselectivity was particularly high when MgBr(2) was the additive. In this study, the reaction pathway was investigated in detail. The stereoselective addition was initially thought to occur via either a 1,5-chelation-controlled or a bisected s-trans conformation-controlled pathway. However, Grignard addition to a nonchelating silyl ether-type substrate, C-[cis-2-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxymethyl)-trans-2-phenylcyclopropyl]-N-benzylaldonitrone (7), also gave the anti-product 9 with high stereoselectivity suggesting that chelation is not important in the reaction. Theoretical calculations of C-cyclopropylaldonitrones showed that the coordination of Mg(2+) at the nitrone oxygen significantly stabilizes the bisected s-trans conformer due to the effective hyperconjugation between the pi* of the nitrone C=N bond and the electron-donating cyclopropane orbitals. This kind of orbital interaction is able to stabilize the transition state of the nucleophilic addition and is maximized in the bisected conformation, in which the orbitals of the forming bond and the cyclopropane C-C bond are in an almost planar arrangement. Thus, the high stereoselectivity can be explained by nucleophilic attack on the less hindered side of the C=N bond of the substrates in the Mg(2+)-coordinated bisected s-trans conformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Kazuta
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
The unusual 1,4-chelation-controlled nucleophilic addition to aldehydes with high stereoselectivity. A systematic study of stereoselectivity in the addition reaction of carbon nucleophiles to cis-substituted cyclopropanecarbaldehydes. Tetrahedron 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2004.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
5
|
Higure Y, Katayama Y, Takeuchi K, Ohtubo Y, Yoshii K. Lucifer Yellow slows voltage-gated Na+ current inactivation in a light-dependent manner in mice. J Physiol 2003; 550:159-67. [PMID: 12879866 PMCID: PMC2343020 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2003.040733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lucifer Yellow CH (LY), a membrane-impermeant fluorescent dye, has been used in electro-physiological studies to visualize cell morphology, with little concern about its pharmacological effects. We investigated its effects on TTX-sensitive voltage-gated Na+ channels in mouse taste bud cells and hippocampal neurons under voltage-damp conditions. LY applied inside cells irreversibly slowed the inactivation of Na+ currents upon exposure to light of usual intensities. The inactivation time constant of Na+ currents elicited by a depolarization to -15 mV was increased by fourfold after a 5 min exposure to halogen light of 3200 Ix at source (3200 Ix light), and sevenfold after a 1-min exposure to 12,000 Ix light. A fraction of the Na+ current became non-inactivating following the exposure. The non-inactivating current was approximately 20 % of the peak total Na+ current after a 5 min exposure to 3200 Ix light, and approximately 30 % after a 1 min exposure to 12,000 Ix light. Light-exposed LY shifted slightly the current-voltage relationship of the peak Na+ current and of the steady-state inactivation curve, in the depolarizing direction. A similar light-dependent decrease in kinetics occurred in whole-cell Na+ currents of cultured mouse hippocampal neurones. Single-channel recordings showed that exposure to 6500 Ix light for 3 min increased the mean open time of Na+channels from 1.4 ms to 2.4 ms without changing the elementary conductance. The pre-incubation of taste bud cells with 1 mM dithiothreitoL a scavenger of radical species, blocked these LY effects. These results suggest that light-exposed LY yields radical species that modify Na+ channels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Higure
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kazuta Y, Hirano K, Natsume K, Yamada S, Kimura R, Matsumoto SI, Furuichi K, Matsuda A, Shuto S. Cyclopropane-based conformational restriction of histamine. (1S,2S)-2-(2-aminoethyl)-1-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)cyclopropane, a highly selective agonist for the histamine H3 receptor, having a cis-cyclopropane structure. J Med Chem 2003; 46:1980-8. [PMID: 12723960 DOI: 10.1021/jm020415q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of cyclopropane-based conformationally restricted analogues of histamine, the "folded" cis-analogues, i.e., (1S,2R)-2-(aminomethyl)-1-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)cyclopropane (11), (1S,2S)-2-(2-aminoethyl)-1-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)cyclopropane (13), and their enantiomers ent-11 and ent-13, and the "extended" trans-analogues, i.e., (1R,2R)-2-(aminomethyl)-1-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)cyclopropane (12) and its enantiomer ent-12, were designed as histamine H(3) receptor agonists. These target compounds were synthesized from the versatile chiral cyclopropane units, (1S,2R)- and (1R,2R)-2-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)methyl-1-formylcyclopropane (14 and 15, respectively) or their enantiomers ent-14 and ent-15. Among the conformationally restricted analogues, the "folded" analogue 13 (AEIC) having the cis-cyclopropane structure was identified as a potent H(3) receptor agonist, which showed a significant binding affinity (K(i) = 1.31 +/- 0.16 nM) and had an agonist effect (EC(50) value of 10 +/- 3 nM) on the receptor. This compound owes its importance to being the first highly selective H(3) receptor agonist to have virtually no effect on the H(4) subtype receptor. These studies showed that the cis-cyclopropane structure is very effective in the conformational restriction of histamine to improve the specific binding to the histamine H(3) receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Kazuta
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kazuta Y, Abe H, Yamamoto T, Matsuda A, Shuto S. A systematic study of the hydride reduction of cyclopropyl ketones with structurally simplified substrates. highly stereoselective reductions of trans-substituted cyclopropyl ketones via the bisected s-cis conformation. J Org Chem 2003; 68:3511-21. [PMID: 12713354 DOI: 10.1021/jo030019v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The stereoselective hydride reduction of the cis- and trans-substituted cyclopropyl ketones was systematically investigated using a series of structurally simplified substrates, trans-[tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxymethyl]cyclopropyl ketones 1a-e and trans-(benzyloxymethyl)cyclopropyl methyl ketone (2), and the corresponding cis congeners 3a,b,e and 4. The results showed that, not only in the reduction of the cis-substituted cyclopropyl ketones but also in that of the trans-substituted ketones, high stereoselectivity can be realized when the substrate has a bulky substituent on the cyclopropane ring, even though it is attached to the position trans to the acyl moiety. Ab initio calculations based on the density functional theory (DFT) of cyclopropyl ketones showed that (1) the bisected s-cis and s-trans conformers were the only two minimum energy conformers, while the s-cis conformer was more stable than the s-trans and (2) a bulky alkyl group in the acyl moiety and a cis substituent on the cyclopropane ring made the bisected s-cis conformer much more stable. On the basis of these calculations and experimental results, it is likely that the more stable the bisected s-cis conformer of the substrate, the more stereoselective the hydride reduction. Thus, the stereochemistry can be explained by hydride attack on the bisected s-cis conformation of the substrate from the less-hindered face. The predictability of the stereochemical results is predicated on the bisected s-cis transition-state model, which is very important from the viewpoint of synthetic organic chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Kazuta
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kazuta Y, Tsujita R, Yamashita K, Uchino S, Kohsaka S, Matsuda A, Shuto S. Synthesis of derivatives of (1S,2R)-1-phenyl-2-[(S)-1-aminopropyl]-N,N-diethylcyclopropanecarboxamide (PPDC) modified at the 1-aromatic moiety as novel NMDA receptor antagonists: the aromatic group is essential for the activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2002; 10:3829-48. [PMID: 12413836 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(02)00346-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
(1S,2R)-1-Phenyl-2-[(S)-1-aminopropyl]-N,N-diethylcyclopropanecarboxamide (PPDC, 4a), which is a conformationally restricted analogue of antidepressant milnacipran [(+/-)-1], is a new class of potent noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonists. A series of PPDC analogues modified at the 1-phenyl moiety, that is, the analogue 6 lacking 1-phenyl group, the 1-(fluorophenyl) analogues 4b,c,d, the 1-(methylphenyl) analogues 4e-g and the 1-(naphthyl) analogues 4h,i were synthesized. Analogue 6, lacking the 1-phenyl group, was completely inactive showing that the aromatic moiety is essential for the NMDA receptor binding. Among the analogues synthesized, the 1-o-fluorophenyl and 1-m-fluorophenyl analogues 4b and 4c showed potent affinities for the NMDA receptor [IC(50)=0.16+/-0.001 microM (4b), 0.15+/-0.02 microM (4c)], which were improved to some extent compared to those of the parent compound PPDC (IC(50)=0.20+/-0.02 microM). On the other hand, compounds 4b and 4c showed none of the 5-HT-uptake inhibitory effect, while PPDC turned out to be a weak 5-HT-uptake inhibitor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Kazuta
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ono S, Ogawa K, Yamashita K, Yamamoto T, Kazuta Y, Matsuda A, Shuto S. Conformational analysis of the NMDA receptor antagonist (1S,2R)-1-phenyl-2-[(S)-1-aminopropyl]-N,N-diethylcyclopropanecarboxamide (PPDC) designed by a novel conformational restriction method based on the structural feature of cyclopropane ring. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2002; 50:966-8. [PMID: 12130856 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.50.966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
(1S,2R)-1-phenyl-2-[(S)-1-aminopropyl]-N,N-diethylcyclopropanecarboxamide (2b, PPDC), a new class of potent N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor antagonist, was designed based on a new method for restricting the conformation of compounds having a cyclopropane ring. The three-dimensional structures of PPDC obtained by the three different methods of X-ray crystallographic analysis, usual MM2-calculations in vacuum, and MM2 calculations based on the nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) data in D2O are similar, which are in accord with that hypothesized. These results suggest that this conformational restriction method is particularly effective in designing novel biologically active molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sizuka Ono
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Uchino S, Watanabe W, Nakamura T, Shuto S, Kazuta Y, Matsuda A, Nakajima-Iijima S, Kudo Y, Kohsaka S, Mishina M. Establishment of CHO cell lines expressing four N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subtypes and characterization of a novel antagonist PPDC. FEBS Lett 2001; 506:117-22. [PMID: 11591383 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(01)02899-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
To develop an assay system that allows the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subtype-selective antagonistic potency of drugs, we have established Chinese hamster ovary cell lines expressing the four NMDA receptor subtypes (GluRepsilon1/zeta1-GluRepsilon4/zeta1) heat-indelibly. Using these clonal cells, we found that a novel antagonist, (1S,2R)-1-phenyl-2[(S)-1-aminopropyl]-N,N-diethylcyclopropanecarboxamide, was less selective for the GluRepsilon1/zeta1: the IC(50) values for the GluRepsilon1/zeta1-GluRepsilon4/zeta1 were 41.7, 13.3, 12.6 and 11.5 microM, respectively, while two well-known antagonists, DL-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid and ifenprodil, showed the known potency and selectivity for each subtype. Thus, the established clonal cells are of use in characterizing the pharmacological properties of drugs that act on NMDA receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Uchino
- Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Neuroscience, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shuto S, Yoshii K, Matsuda A. (1S,2R)-1-Phenyl-2-[(S)-1-aminopropyl]-N,N-diethylcyclopropanecarboxamide (PPDC), a new class of NMDA-receptor antagonist: molecular design by a novel conformational restriction strategy. JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY 2001; 85:207-13. [PMID: 11325012 DOI: 10.1254/jjp.85.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We have found that milnacipran, a clinically useful antidepressant due to its inhibition of the re-uptake of serotonin (5-HT) and noradrenaline, is also a non-competitive NMDA-receptor antagonist. Based on the cyclopropane structure of milnacipran, conformationally restricted analogs were designed and synthesized. Of these analogs, (1S,2R)-1-phenyl-2-[(S)-1-aminopropyl]-N,N-diethylcyclopropanecarboxamide (PPDC) is 30-fold stronger than milnacipran as an NMDA-receptor antagonist with virtually no inhibitory effect on the neurotransmitter re-uptake. PPDC was identified as a new class of NMDA-receptor antagonist because it has a mode of action different from that of the previous antagonists; it selectivly binds the GluRepsilon3/GluRzeta1 and GluRepsilon4/GluRzeta1 subtype receptors in an agonist-independent allosteric manner. Functional assays of PPDC with the Xenopus oocytes system and cultured mouse neurons under voltage-clamp conditions confirmed that it acts as a potent NMDA-receptor antagonist. PPDC effectively protected against NMDA-induced neurotoxicity in both cultured mouse cerebral cortex and delayed neuronal death in a gerbil ischemic model. It was also active in a reserpine-treated mouse Parkinsons disease model. Thus, PPDC may be a candidate for a clinically useful NMDA-receptor antagonist, since the development of previous NMDA-receptor antagonists as drugs has been hindered by various undesirable side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Shuto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kazuta Y, Shuto S, Matsuda A. Highly stereoselective addition of Grignard reagents to C-cyclopropylnitrone via the bisected s-trans conformation. An efficient synthesis of PEDC, a potent NMDA receptor antagonist having a cyclopropane structure. Tetrahedron Lett 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)00823-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|