In situ drawing of high molecular weight poly(ethylene terephthalate) in subcritical and supercritical CO2

Evolution of Filament-Shaped Porous Structure in Polycarbonate by Stretching under Carbon Dioxide

We found that a filament-shaped porous structure with periodic distance was obtained in polycarbonate for optical disk grade (OD-PC) film by stretching under compressed carbon dioxide (CO₂). The evolution of the characteristic porous structure was investigated by in situ observation during the stretching under compressed CO₂ and the optical microscopic observation of the stretched specimen. The voids were obtained under high CO₂ pressure as in the case of elevated temperature, suggesting that the evolution of the voids was caused by crazing due to chain disentanglement by accelerated molecular motion owing to the plasticization effect of CO₂. The filament-shaped voids were initiated at around the yielding point and increased continuously by nucleation in the matrix around the surface of the pre-existing voids. The shape of the voids did not change to an ellipsoidal one during stretching due to suppression of the craze opening by the hydrostatic pressure effect. The stretching of the CO₂-absorbed depressurized OD-PC revealed that the initiation of the voids was not only caused by the plasticization effect, but the hydrostatic pressure effect was also required.

Thermoplastic polyurethane/clay nanocomposite foam made by batch foaming

In this study, the foaming of nonwoven fabrics and bulk polymers was investigated. Four different polymers that are commonly used for textiles including polyethylene terephthalate, thermoplastic polyurethane, thermoplastic polyether ester elastomer and polypropylene were foamed by batch foaming. Among the polymers, thermoplastic polyurethane seems to be the most promising material since it possesses the highest cell density and smallest cell size. In addition, nanoclay was added to thermoplastic polyurethane to promote cell nucleation and to increase the cell density. The results showed that well dispersed nanoclay in thermoplastic polyurethane served as an excellent nucleation agent and the cell structure was improved. The cell size of thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposite foam decreased to 1 µm while the cell density increased to 3 × 1011 cells/cm3.