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Xu W, Sun TY, Di Y, Hao X, Wu YD. Inverse Electron-Demanding Diels-Alder Reactions in the Chemical Synthesis of Prenylated Indole Alkaloids Containing a Bicycle[2.2.2]diazaoctane Moiety: A Theoretical Study. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300063. [PMID: 36806582 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
The Diels-Alder reaction is believed to be a key step in the biosynthesis of prenylated indole alkaloids containing a bicycle[2.2.2]diazaoctane moiety. Many chemical syntheses of bicyclic structures by Diels-Alder reactions have been reported, but the reaction mechanism remains underexplored. We have carried out DFT calculations on both acid- and base-promoted Diels-Alder reactions in these syntheses and reveal that the reactions occur through an inverse-electron demand mechanism. We hope that the new mechanism is helpful for the mechanistic understanding of the biosynthesis of this class of important natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Xu
- Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.,Institute of Chemical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, P. R. China
| | - Tian-Yu Sun
- Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.,Institute of Chemical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, P. R. China
| | - Yingtong Di
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and, Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojiang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and, Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Dong Wu
- Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.,Institute of Chemical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
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2
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Luo Q, Cao WW, Cheng YX. Alkaloids, sesquiterpenoids and hybrids of terpenoid with p-hydroxycinnamic acid from Ganoderma sinensis and their biological evaluation. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 203:113379. [PMID: 36029844 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The fruiting bodies of Ganoderma sinensis are used as food raw materials of marketed healthcare products. To gain an insight into the chemical and biological profling of G. sinensis, twenty-five compounds including eleven undescribed ones (ganodermasines A‒K) and fourteen known ones were isolated. Among them, ganodermasines A‒D are undescribed diketopiperazine alkaloids, ganodermasines E and F are alkaloids containing a pyridine. The structures of undescribed compounds were identified by spectroscopic, computational, and crystallographic methods. The results of acetylcholinesterase (AchE) inhibitory activity show that ganodermasines I and J could inhibit AchE with IC50 values of 26.05 and 20.40 μM, respectively. In addition, neurotrophic assay in PC-12 cells showed that (+)-ganodermasine E, (-)-ganodermasine E, and ganodermasine I could stimulate neurite outgrowth at 10 μM, while the other isolates are inactive. The present findings will lend a hand for further utilization of G. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resource in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Wen Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resource in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Xian Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resource in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China; Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Functional Substances in Medicinal Edible Resources and Healthcare Products, School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, 521041, People's Republic of China.
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Kim SW, Hume PA, Sperry J. Bioinspired Synthesis of the Furopyrazine Alkaloid Hyrtioseragamine A. J Org Chem 2021; 86:4779-4785. [PMID: 33686852 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A biosynthetic hypothesis proposed herein was used to guide the total synthesis of the marine-derived alkaloid hyrtioseragamine A. In the key biomimetic step, an enedione underwent acid-mediated isomerization-cyclodehydration to form the rare furopyrazine core of the natural product. The spectroscopic data for the synthetic sample is in full agreement with that described in the isolation report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Wei Kim
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Paul A Hume
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, and MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6010, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan Sperry
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
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Xi YK, Zhang H, Li RX, Kang SY, Li J, Li Y. Total Synthesis of Spirotryprostatins through Organomediated Intramolecular Umpolung Cyclization. Chemistry 2019; 25:3005-3009. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201806411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Kai Xi
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan province, State Key Laboratory for, Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan; School of, Chemical Science and Technology; Yunnan University; Kunming Yunnan 650091 P. R. China
| | - Hongbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan province, State Key Laboratory for, Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan; School of, Chemical Science and Technology; Yunnan University; Kunming Yunnan 650091 P. R. China
| | - Rui-Xi Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan province, State Key Laboratory for, Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan; School of, Chemical Science and Technology; Yunnan University; Kunming Yunnan 650091 P. R. China
| | - Shi-Yuan Kang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan province, State Key Laboratory for, Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan; School of, Chemical Science and Technology; Yunnan University; Kunming Yunnan 650091 P. R. China
| | - Jin Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan province, State Key Laboratory for, Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan; School of, Chemical Science and Technology; Yunnan University; Kunming Yunnan 650091 P. R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan province, State Key Laboratory for, Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan; School of, Chemical Science and Technology; Yunnan University; Kunming Yunnan 650091 P. R. China
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Angello NH, Wiley RE, Elmore TG, Perry RS, Scheerer JR. Domino Reaction Sequence for the Synthesis of [2.2.2]Diazabicycloalkenes and Base-Promoted Cycloreversion to 2-Pyridone Alkaloids. Org Lett 2018; 20:5203-5207. [PMID: 30095269 PMCID: PMC6220673 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new domino reaction sequence for the construction of 2-pyridone structures is reported. The reaction sequence begins with diacetyldiketopiperazine and proceeds via aldol condensation, alkene isomerization, and intramolecular Diels-Alder cycloaddition. The intermediate [2.2.2]diazabicycloalkene cycloadducts can be isolated or can engage in a base-accelerated extrusion of one lactam bridge to provide the 2-pyridone cycloreversion products. The operation leading to pyridone products can occur in one reaction vessel and proceeds at convenient temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas H. Angello
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William & Mary, P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, United States
| | - Robert E. Wiley
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William & Mary, P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, United States
| | - Tristan G. Elmore
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William & Mary, P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, United States
| | - Ryan S. Perry
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William & Mary, P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, United States
| | - Jonathan R. Scheerer
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William & Mary, P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, United States
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Kelley EW, Norman SG, Scheerer JR. Synthesis of monoalkylidene diketopiperazines and application to the synthesis of barettin. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 15:8634-8640. [PMID: 28980696 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02297b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of barettin, a selective serotonin receptor inhibitor and potent antibiofouling natural product, is described. The synthesis starts with the diketopiperazine nucleus intact and the side chains are installed using iterative aldol condensations. The route represents a general strategy for synthesis of a wide array of mono-alkylidene diketopiperazine structures, including those derived from non-canonical amino acid residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth W Kelley
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William & Mary, P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA.
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Synthesis and activity evaluation of the cyclic dipeptides arylidene N -alkoxydiketopiperazines. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:5197-5205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Singjunla Y, Colombano S, Baudoux J, Rouden J. Stereoselective synthesis of dehydroamino acids using malonic acid half oxyester and aromatic aldehydes. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
This review covers the literature published in 2013 for marine natural products (MNPs), with 982 citations (644 for the period January to December 2013) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green, brown and red algae, sponges, cnidarians, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates, echinoderms, mangroves and other intertidal plants and microorganisms. The emphasis is on new compounds (1163 for 2013), together with the relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Reviews, biosynthetic studies, first syntheses, and syntheses that lead to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Blunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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Zhao Q, Wang C, Ezell EL, Dong Y, Vennerstrom JL. Tetrasubstituted pyrazinones derived from the reaction of praziquantel with N-bromosuccinimide. Tetrahedron Lett 2014; 55:4463-4465. [PMID: 25125709 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.06.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
When praziquantel was exposed to N-bromosuccinimide in the presence of ethanol, a tricyclic 3-bromo-1-ethoxy pyrazinone was formed. From this and the analogous 1,3-dibromopyrazinone, a small library of 3-alkylamino-1-ethoxy, 1,3-dialkoxy, 3-alkoxy-1-bromo, and 3-alkylamino-1-bromo substituted pyrazinones were synthesized in high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjie Zhao
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Pharmacy, 986025 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Chunkai Wang
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Pharmacy, 986025 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Edward L Ezell
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, 986105 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Yuxiang Dong
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Pharmacy, 986025 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Jonathan L Vennerstrom
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Pharmacy, 986025 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
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Wang MH, Li XM, Li CS, Ji NY, Wang BG. Secondary metabolites from Penicillium pinophilum SD-272, a marine sediment-derived fungus. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:2230-8. [PMID: 23792827 PMCID: PMC3721231 DOI: 10.3390/md11062230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Two new secondary metabolites, namely, pinodiketopiperazine A (1) and 6,7-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-3-methylphthalide (2), along with alternariol 2,4-dimethyl ether (3) and l-5-oxoproline methyl ester (4), which were isolated from a natural source for the first time but have been previously synthesized, were characterized from the marine sediment-derived fungus Penicillium pinophilum SD-272. In addition, six known metabolites (5–10) were also identified. Their structures were elucidated by analysis of the NMR and mass spectroscopic data. The absolute configuration of compound 1 was determined by experimental and calculated ECD spectra. Compound 2 displayed potent brine shrimp (Artemia salina) lethality with LD50 11.2 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanhai Road 7, Qingdao 266071, China; E-Mails: (M.-H.W.); (X.-M.L.); (C.-S.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19A, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanhai Road 7, Qingdao 266071, China; E-Mails: (M.-H.W.); (X.-M.L.); (C.-S.L.)
| | - Chun-Shun Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanhai Road 7, Qingdao 266071, China; E-Mails: (M.-H.W.); (X.-M.L.); (C.-S.L.)
| | - Nai-Yun Ji
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chunhui Road 17, Yantai 264003, China
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (N.-Y.J.); (B.-G.W.); Tel.: +86-535-210-9176 (N.-Y.J.); +86-532-8289-8553 (B.-G.W.); Fax: +86-535-210-9000 (N.-Y.J.); +86-532-8289-8553 (B.-G.W.)
| | - Bin-Gui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanhai Road 7, Qingdao 266071, China; E-Mails: (M.-H.W.); (X.-M.L.); (C.-S.L.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (N.-Y.J.); (B.-G.W.); Tel.: +86-535-210-9176 (N.-Y.J.); +86-532-8289-8553 (B.-G.W.); Fax: +86-535-210-9000 (N.-Y.J.); +86-532-8289-8553 (B.-G.W.)
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12
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Adams LA, Gray CR, Williams RM. Concise synthesis of the core bicyclo[2.2.2]diazaoctane ring common to asperparaline, paraherquamide, and stephacidin alkaloids. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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