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Betancourt L, Rada P, Hernandez L, Araujo H, Ceballos G, Hernandez L, Tucci P, Mari Z, De Pasquale M, Paredes D. Micellar electrokinetic chromatography with laser induced fluorescence detection shows increase of putrescine in erythrocytes of Parkinson's disease patients. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1081-1082:51-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Mackenzie GG, Ouyang N, Xie G, Vrankova K, Huang L, Sun Y, Komninou D, Kopelovich L, Rigas B. Phospho-sulindac (OXT-328) combined with difluoromethylornithine prevents colon cancer in mice. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2011; 4:1052-60. [PMID: 21464038 PMCID: PMC3131469 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-11-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) sulindac and the ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) antagonist difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), individually and together, are effective inhibitors of colon carcinogenesis. However, chronic use of sulindac is associated with significant side effects. We evaluated the chemopreventive efficacy of phospho-sulindac (P-S, OXT-328), an apparently safe derivative of sulindac, together with DFMO, in HT-29 human colon cancer xenografts. Nude mice were divided into four groups as follows: group 1 received vehicle (corn oil); group 2 received P-S (100 mg/kg/d) by oral gavage; group 3 received DFMO (2% in drinking water); and group 4 received P-S (100 mg/kg/d) by gavage plus DFMO (2% in drinking water; P-S/DFMO). Eighteen days after implantation, compared with controls, tumor volume was inhibited 65.9% by P-S, 52.9% by DFMO, and 70.9% by P-S/DFMO (P < 0.01 for all). P-S/DFMO reduced cell proliferation 27.1% and increased apoptosis 38.9% compared with controls (P < 0.05 for both). Compared with controls, P-S reduced the levels of thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), whereas DFMO reduced polyamine content (putrescine and spermidine) and TrxR levels. Importantly, P-S/DFMO decreased putrescine and spermidine levels and the expression of Trx-1, TrxR, and cyclooxygenase (COX) 2. Of these molecular targets, TrxR most consistently correlated with tumor growth. Study results show that P-S/DFMO is an efficacious drug combination for colon cancer prevention and also show the safety of P-S, which may overcome the limiting side effects of conventional sulindac. P-S/DFMO has an intricate mechanism of action extending beyond polyamines and including the thioredoxin system, an emerging regulator of chemoprevention. P-S/DFMO merits further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo G. Mackenzie
- Division of Cancer Prevention, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-8173
| | - Nengtai Ouyang
- Division of Cancer Prevention, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-8173
| | - Gang Xie
- Division of Cancer Prevention, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-8173
| | - Kvetoslava Vrankova
- Division of Cancer Prevention, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-8173
| | - Liqun Huang
- Division of Cancer Prevention, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-8173
| | - Yu Sun
- Division of Cancer Prevention, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-8173
| | | | - Levy Kopelovich
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - Basil Rigas
- Division of Cancer Prevention, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-8173
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Tian H, Liu X, Zhang B, Sun Q, Sun D. Adenovirus-mediated expression of both antisense ornithine decarboxylase and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase inhibits lung cancer cell growth. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2007; 39:423-30. [PMID: 17558447 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7270.2007.00294.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyamine biosynthesis is controlled primarily by ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC). Antisense sequences of ODC and AdoMetDC genes were cloned into an adenoviral vector (named Ad-ODC-AdoMetDCas). To evaluate the effects of recombinant adenovirus Ad-ODC-AdoMetDCas that can simultaneously express both antisense ODC and AdoMetDC, the human lung cancer cell line A-549 was infected with Ad-ODC-AdoMetDCas or the control vector. Viable cell counting, determination of polyamine concentrations, cell cycle analysis, and Matrigel invasion assays were carried out to assess the properties of tumor growth and invasiveness. Our study showed that adenovirus-mediated antisense ODC and AdoMetDC expression inhibits tumor cell growth through blocking the polyamine synthesis pathway. Tumor cells were arrested at the G1 phase after gene transfer and the invasiveness was reduced. It suggested that the recombinant adenovirus Ad-ODC-AdoMetDCas might be a new anticancer reagent in the treatment of lung cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Tian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qi Lu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
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Zhang B, Liu XX, Zhang Y, Jiang CY, Hu HY, Gong L, Liu M, Teng QS. Polyamine depletion by ODC-AdoMetDC antisense adenovirus impairs human colorectal cancer growth and invasion in vitro and in vivo. J Gene Med 2006; 8:980-9. [PMID: 16783835 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyamine biosynthesis is controlled primarily by ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC). Polyamine concentrations are elevated in colorectal cancer. Depletion of polyamine content in colorectal cancer by chemotherapy is related to tumor regression and impaired tumorigenicity. The current study evaluates the therapeutic effects of antisense ODC and AdoMetDC sequences on colorectal cancer in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Antisense ODC and AdoMetDC sequences were cloned into an adenoviral vector (Ad-ODC-AdoMetDCas). The human colon cancer cell lines, HT-29 and Caco-2, were infected with Ad-ODC-AdoMetDCas as well as with control vector. Viable cell counting, determination of polyamine concentrations, cell cycle analysis, and Matrigel invasion assays were performed in order to assess properties of tumor growth and invasiveness. Furthermore, the antitumor effects of Ad-ODC-AdoMetDCas were also evaluated in vivo in a nude mouse tumor model. RESULTS Our study demonstrated that adenovirus-mediated ODC and AdoMetDC antisense expression inhibits tumor cell growth through a blockade of the polyamine synthesis pathway. This inhibitory effect cannot be reversed by the administration of putrescine. Tumor cells were arrested at the G1 phase of the cell cycle after gene transfer and had reduced invasiveness. The adenovirus also induced tumor regression in established tumors in nude mice. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that Ad-ODC-AdoMetDCas has antitumor activity and therapeutic potential for the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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Zhang B, Liu XX, Zhang Y, Jiang CY, Teng QS, Hu HY, Wang W, Gong L. Adenovirus-mediated expression of both antisense ODC and AdoMetDC inhibited colorectal cancer cell growth in vitro. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2006; 27:353-9. [PMID: 16490173 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7254.2006.00268.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To construct a recombinant adenovirus that can simultaneously express both antisense ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and adenosylmethionine decarboxylase ( AdoMetDC ) and detect its inhibitory effect on the intracellular polyamine pool and colorectal cancer cell growth. METHODS A 205-bp cDNA of AdoMetDC was reverse-inserted into recombinant pAdTrack-ODCas vectors and recombined with pAdEasy-1 vectors in AdEasy-1 cells. Positive clones were selected and transfected into the packaging cell HEK293 after they were linearized by PacI. Green fluorescent protein expression was used to monitor the process of adenovirus packaging. The ODC and AdoMetDC protein levels were identified by western blotting, and intracellular polyamine content was detected by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. A viable cell count was used to determine the growth of HT-29 cells with or without exogenous polyamine. RESULTS Sequencing confirmed that AdoMetDC cDNA was successfully ligated into the pAdTrack-ODCas vector. GFP expression in 293 cells during virus packing and amplification was observed by fluorescence microscopy. Western blotting demonstrated that both ODC and AdoMetDC were downregulated by Ad-ODC-AdoMetDCas, and consequently 3 kinds of polyamine (putrescine, spermidine and spermine) were reduced to very low levels. HT-29 cell growth was significantly inhibited as compared with control conditions, and growth arrest was not reversed by exogenous putrescine. CONCLUSION The successfully constructed recombinant adenovirus, Ad-ODC-AdoMetDCas, blocked polyamine synthesis and has therapeutic potential for treating colorectal cancer in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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Ekegren T, Gomes-Trolin C. Determination of polyamines in human tissues by precolumn derivatization with 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate and high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal Biochem 2005; 338:179-85. [PMID: 15745737 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2004.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay with fluorescence detection was developed for the determination of the polyamines putrescine, spermidine, spermine in samples of human spinal cord, cerebellum, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), skeletal muscle, and muscle microdialysates without an extensive sample preparation. The precolumn derivatization was performed with 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (FMOC), and the derivatizated polyamines were stable for at least 14 h at 4 degrees C. All polyamines were separated within 35 min. The method was checked for linearity, and mean correlation coefficient values of 0.995, 0.999, and 0.991 were achieved for putrescine, spermidine, and spermine, respectively. The within- and between-assay coefficient of variation percentages evaluated in standard solutions varied between 1.0 and 4.9% and between 1.3 and 6.9%, respectively. The corresponding values obtained in samples of human spinal cord were between 1.0 and 5.0% and between 0.6 and 5.8%. The values of the recovery, evaluated in spinal cord tissue, varied between 83.7 and 93.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titti Ekegren
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurology, University Hospital, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Quantitation by HPLC of Amines as Dansyl Derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-4770(05)80018-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Liu G, Chen J, Ma Y. Simultaneous determination of catecholamines and polyamines in PC-12 cell extracts by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography with ultraviolet absorbance detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2004; 805:281-8. [PMID: 15135102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2004.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2003] [Revised: 03/03/2004] [Accepted: 03/05/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A method for simultaneous determination of polyamines and catecholamines in cell extracts by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography with UV detection at 254 nm was established at the first time. The polyamines (putrescine, spermidine and spermine) and catecholamines (dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine and epinephrine) were extracted from PC-12 cells and were derivatized with 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate. Different derivatization conditions such as temperature, ratio of derivatization reagents and incubation time were investigated to find the best reaction condition which gave the highest detection sensitivity for polyamines and catecholamines. The influence of running buffer and additives on the separation such as pH, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) concentrations and various additives was also investigated. Separation was achieved within 20 min with good repeatability in a 100mM boric acid buffer containing 10mM SDS and 10mM 18-crown-6 at a pH of 9.5. The detection limit ranged from 1.0 x 10(-7) to 9.0 x 10(-7) M, which is sufficient for determination of polyamines and catecholamines in many cell extracts. This technique can be easily applied to polyamine-related anticancer drug studies or clinical follow-ups after each dosage of these anticancer drugs, since these drugs not only have great inhibition on polyamine levels in blood, but also have a large influence on catecholamine levels in blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanshu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Rolla, MO 65409, USA
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Hudson EA, Howells LM, Gallacher-Horley B, Fox LH, Gescher A, Manson MM. Growth-inhibitory effects of the chemopreventive agent indole-3-carbinol are increased in combination with the polyamine putrescine in the SW480 colon tumour cell line. BMC Cancer 2003; 3:2. [PMID: 12525265 PMCID: PMC149232 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-3-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2002] [Accepted: 01/14/2003] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many tumours undergo disregulation of polyamine homeostasis and upregulation of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity, which can promote carcinogenesis. In animal models of colon carcinogenesis, inhibition of ODC activity by difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) has been shown to reduce the number and size of colon adenomas and carcinomas. Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) has shown promising chemopreventive activity against a range of human tumour cell types, but little is known about the effect of this agent on colon cell lines. Here, we investigated whether inhibition of ODC by I3C could contribute to a chemopreventive effect in colon cell lines. METHODS Cell cycle progression and induction of apoptosis were assessed by flow cytometry. Ornithine decarboxylase activity was determined by liberation of CO2 from 14C-labelled substrate, and polyamine levels were measured by HPLC. RESULTS I3C inhibited proliferation of the human colon tumour cell lines HT29 and SW480, and of the normal tissue-derived HCEC line, and at higher concentrations induced apoptosis in SW480 cells. The agent also caused a decrease in ODC activity in a dose-dependent manner. While administration of exogenous putrescine reversed the growth-inhibitory effect of DFMO, it did not reverse the growth-inhibition following an I3C treatment, and in the case of the SW480 cell line, the effect was actually enhanced. In this cell line, combination treatment caused a slight increase in the proportion of cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle, and increased the proportion of cells undergoing necrosis, but did not predispose cells to apoptosis. Indole-3-carbinol also caused an increase in intracellular spermine levels, which was not modulated by putrescine co-administration. CONCLUSION While indole-3-carbinol decreased ornithine decarboxylase activity in the colon cell lines, it appears unlikely that this constitutes a major mechanism by which the agent exerts its antiproliferative effect, although accumulation of spermine may cause cytotoxicity and contribute to cell death. The precise mechanism by which putrescine enhances the growth inhibitory effect of the agent remains to be elucidated, but does result in cells undergoing necrosis, possibly following accumulation in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ann Hudson
- Cancer Biomarkers and Prevention Group, Departments of Biochemistry & Oncology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Lynne M Howells
- Cancer Biomarkers and Prevention Group, Departments of Biochemistry & Oncology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | | | - Louise H Fox
- Cancer Biomarkers and Prevention Group, Departments of Biochemistry & Oncology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Andreas Gescher
- Cancer Biomarkers and Prevention Group, Department of Oncology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE2 7LX, UK
| | - Margaret M Manson
- Cancer Biomarkers and Prevention Group, Departments of Biochemistry & Oncology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
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Teti D, Visalli M, McNair H. Analysis of polyamines as markers of (patho)physiological conditions. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2002; 781:107-49. [PMID: 12450656 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-0232(02)00669-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aliphatic polyamines, putrescine, spermidine and spermine, are normal cell constituents that play important roles in cell proliferation and differentiation. The equilibrium between cellular uptake and release and the balanced activities of biosynthetic and catabolic enzymes of polyamines are essential for normal homeostasis in the proliferation and functions of cells and tissues. However, the intracellular polyamine content increases in hyperplastic or neoplastic growth. Although the involvement of polyamines in physiological and pathological cell proliferation and differentiation has been well established, the role they play is quite different in relation to cell systems and animal models and is dependent on inducer agents and stimuli. Also, the experimental procedures used to deplete polyamines have been shown to influence the cell responses. In this paper, the assay methods currently in use for polyamines are reviewed and compared with respect to sensitivity, reproducibility and applicability to routine analysis. The relevance of polyamine metabolism and the uptake/release process in many physiological and pathological processes is highlighted, and the cellular polyamine pathways are discussed in relation to the possible diagnostic and therapeutic significance of these mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Teti
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Microbiology, Section of Experimental Pathology, Azienda Policlinico Universitario, Torre Biologica, IV piano, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy.
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Fontaniella B, Mateos JL, Vicente C, Legaz ME. Improvement of the analysis of dansylated derivatives of polyamines and their conjugates by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2001; 919:283-8. [PMID: 11442033 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)00841-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The paper described a method for improving the hydrolysis of conjugated polyamines in PH fraction, isolated from the lichen Evernia prunastri, as well as the optimization of dansylation procedure of these polyamines on the basis of the pH value to which derivatization is achieved. Dansylated polyamines have been later separated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a gradient elution. Hydrolysis of conjugates requires acid treatment at room temperature rather than at 110 degrees C, as usually described. Dansylation is improved at high pH values, whereas removal of phenolics (mainly evernic acid), from the conjugates requires low pH values.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Fontaniella
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
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