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Urlaub J, Kaiser RP, Scherf-Clavel O, Bolm C, Holzgrabe U. Investigation of isomerization of dexibuprofen in a ball mill using chiral capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:1790-1799. [PMID: 33502037 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Besides the racemate, the S-enantiomer of ibuprofen (Ibu) is used for the treatment of inflammation and pain. Since the configurational stability of S-Ibu in solid state is of interest, it was studied by means of ball milling experiments. For the evaluation of the enantiomeric composition, a chiral CE method was developed and validated according to the ICH guideline Q2(R1). The addition of Mg2+ , Ca2+ , or Zn2+ ions to the background electrolyte (BGE) was found to improve Ibu enantioresolution. Chiral separation of Ibu enantiomers was achieved on a 60.2 cm (50.0 cm effective length) x 75 μm fused-silica capillary using a background electrolyte (BGE) composed of 50 mM sodium acetate, 10 mM magnesium acetate tetrahydrate, and 35 mM heptakis-(2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-β-cyclodextrin (TM-β-CD) as chiral selector. The quantification of R-Ibu in the mixture was performed using the normalization procedure. Linearity was evaluated in the range of 0.68-5.49% R-Ibu (R2 = 0.999), recovery was found to range between 97 and 103%, the RSD of intra- and interday precision below 2.5%, and the limit of quantification for R- in S-Ibu was calculated to be 0.21% (extrapolated) and 0.15% (dilution of racemic ibuprofen), respectively. Isomerization of S-Ibu was observed under basic conditions by applying long milling times and high milling frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Urlaub
- Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Reinhard P Kaiser
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Oliver Scherf-Clavel
- Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Holzgrabe
- Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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2
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Ryoo SH, Lee SH, Seo HC, Song JS, Ryoo DH, Yu JJ, Kim HY, Lee JH, Ryoo JJ. Measurement of Optical Purity for Commercially Avialable Dexibuprofen and Ibuprofen Sold in 2013. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY-DAEHAN HWAHAK HOE JEE 2014. [DOI: 10.5012/jkcs.2014.58.3.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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3
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Determination of (S)-(+)- and (R)-(-)-ibuprofen enantiomers in human plasma after chiral precolumn derivatization by reversed-phase LC–ESI-MS/MS. Bioanalysis 2012; 4:2909-27. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.12.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A selective, sensitive and high-throughput LC–ESI-MS/MS method has been developed and validated for the chromatographic separation and quantitation of (S)-(+)-ibuprofen and (R)-(-)-ibuprofen after derivatization with (S)-(-)-1-(1-napthyl)ethylamine using 1-hydroxybenzotriazole as the activator of the carboxylic acid group and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide as the coupling reagent in human plasma. Results: Both the analytes were chromatographically separated with a resolution factor of 1.27 on a Kinetex PFP (50 × 4.6 mm, 2.6 µm) analytical column. The method was validated over the concentration range of 0.10–32.0 µg/ml for both the enantiomers. The magnitude of matrix effect was assessed by post-column analyte infusion and also by precision (%CV) values for the calculated slopes of calibration curves. The mean extraction recovery was >91% for both the enantiomers. Conclusion: The method was successfully applied to a bioequivalence study in 34 healthy human subjects. The assay reproducibility was confirmed by reanalysis of 130 subject samples.
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Yu JJ, Lee WD, Ryoo JJ. Measurement of optical purity for commercial naproxen by chiral HPLC. ANALYTICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.5806/ast.2011.24.5.360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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5
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Lee WD, Ryoo JJ. Optical Purity of Commercial Dexibuprofen. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY-DAEHAN HWAHAK HOE JEE 2011. [DOI: 10.5012/jkcs.2011.55.4.566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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6
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Bushra R, Aslam N. An overview of clinical pharmacology of Ibuprofen. Oman Med J 2010; 25:155-1661. [PMID: 22043330 PMCID: PMC3191627 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2010.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2010] [Accepted: 04/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Ibuprofen was the first member of Propionic acid derivatives introduced in 1969. It is a popular domestic and over the counter analgesic and antipyretic for adults and children. Ibuprofen has been rated as the safest conventional NSAID by spontaneous adverse drug reaction reporting systems in the UK. This article summarizes the main pharmacological effects, therapeutical applications and adverse drug reactions, drug-drug interactions and food drug interactions of ibuprofen that have been reported especially during the last 10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Bushra
- From Ziauddin College of Pharmacy, Ziauddin University, Kaarchi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Nousheen Aslam
- From Ziauddin College of Pharmacy, Ziauddin University, Kaarchi, Sindh, Pakistan
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7
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Simultaneous determination of pyrimethamine, sulfadoxine, mefloquine, and ibuprofen in pharmaceutical formulations by RP-HPLC. Med Chem Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-009-9250-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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8
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Hao H, Wang G, Sun J. Enantioselective Pharmacokinetics of Ibuprofen and Involved Mechanisms. Drug Metab Rev 2008; 37:215-34. [PMID: 15747501 DOI: 10.1081/dmr-200047999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Although dexibuprofen (S-ibuprofen) was marketed in Austria and Switzerland, the racemate at various formulations is still extensively used worldwide, and there are no indications that the racemate will be replaced by the single enantiomer. Thus, elucidation of the characteristics and involved mechanisms of the chiral pharmacokinetics of racemic ibuprofen is of special importance for the understanding of the pharmacological and toxicological consequences, and for prediction of the clinically potential drug interactions and influence of the pathological states. Stereoselective pharmacokinetics and metabolism are common features for chiral nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and especially for 2-arylpropionic acid derivatives characterized with a chiral center adjacent to the carboxyl group. Although the enantioselective pharmacokinetic characteristics of different NSAIDs should be treated case by case, they share similar mechanisms underlying the protein binding, metabolism and chiral inversion. Ibuprofen was the most extensively researched drug in terms of chiral characteristics and mechanisms. Therefore, elucidation of the mechanisms derived from research on ibuprofen may provide better understanding and prediction of other chiral drugs. This article attempts to elucidate the chiral pharmacokinetics and involved mechanisms of ibuprofen in comparison with other NSAIDs based on recent developments. Topics on history of ibuprofen, enantioselective analysis method, absorption, protein binding, conventional metabolism, metabolic chiral inversion, gene polymorphism, and biochemical developments were included. It is worth mentioning that some underlying biochemical mechanisms, especially for the metabolic chiral inversion and ethnic differences still remain to be seen. Further research is required to develop human-resourced researching model and to provide more evidence concerning the site of inversion, species variation, CYP450 gene polymorphisms, and biochemical mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Hao
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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9
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Bhushan R, Tanwar S. Direct TLC resolution of atenolol and propranolol into their enantiomers using three different chiral selectors as impregnating reagents. Biomed Chromatogr 2008; 22:1028-34. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Jin YX, Tang YH, Zeng S. Analysis of flurbiprofen, ketoprofen and etodolac enantiomers by pre-column derivatization RP-HPLC and application to drug–protein binding in human plasma. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008; 46:953-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2007] [Revised: 09/23/2007] [Accepted: 01/23/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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11
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Lam WH, Ng KM. Diastereomeric salt crystallization synthesis for chiral resolution of ibuprofen. AIChE J 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.11087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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12
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Huh YS, Jun YS, Hong YK, Hong WH, Kim DH. Microfluidic separation of (S)-ibuprofen using enzymatic reaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2006.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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13
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Bhushan R, Gupta D. Ligand-exchange TLC resolution of some racemic β-adrenergic blocking agents. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2006. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.19.2006.3.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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Chiral discrimination of ibuprofen isomers in β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes: experimental (NMR) and theoretical (MD, MM/GBSA) studies. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Bhushan R, Joshi S, Arora M, Gupta M. Study of the liquid chromatographic separation and determination of NSAID. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2005. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.18.2005.2.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Bhushan R, Gupta D. Thin-layer chromatography separation of enantiomers of verapamil using macrocyclic antibiotic as a chiral selector. Biomed Chromatogr 2005; 19:474-8. [PMID: 16037933 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Silica gel thin-layer chromatography plates impregnated with macrocyclic antibiotic, vancomycin, as chiral selector were prepared and used for the resolution of (+/-)-verapamil. A mobile phase system of acetonitrile-methanol-water (15:2.5:2.5, v/v) was worked out systematically. The effects of chiral selector, temperature and pH on resolution were also studied. The spots were detected with iodine vapors and the detection limit was found to be 0.074 microg of each enantiomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bhushan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee-247 667, India.
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17
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18
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Paik MJ, Lee Y, Goto J, Kim KR. Chiral discrimination of multiple profens as diastereomeric (R)-(+)-1-phenylethylamides by achiral dual-column gas chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2004; 803:257-65. [PMID: 15063334 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2003.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2003] [Revised: 12/16/2003] [Accepted: 12/30/2003] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Profens were converted into diastereomeric (R)-(+)-1-phenylethylamides using ethyl chloroformate and triethylamine in dichloromethane. Gas chromatographic analysis on dual-columns with different polarities provided complete enantioresolution of eight profens, facilitating chiral discrimination based on matching with retention index sets characteristic of each enantiomer. The present method was linear (r >/= 0.9992) with good precision (0.8-6.0%) and accuracy (-9.3 to 0.003%), allowing detection of trace (R)-profens in optical purity test on four (S)-profen mixture in a single run. And the method allowed simultaneous enantiomeric screening for ibuprofen enantiomers and their chiral metabolites excreted in urine following administration of racemic ibuprofen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Jeong Paik
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Chunchun-dong, Jangan-ku, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 440-746, South Korea
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19
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Paik MJ, Nguyen DT, Kim KR. Enantioseparation of flurbiprofen and ketoprofen in patches and in urine excretions by achiral gas chromatography. Arch Pharm Res 2004; 27:1295-301. [PMID: 15646806 DOI: 10.1007/bf02975897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The enantiomeric composition tests on flurbiprofen and ketoprofen present in patch products and in urine excretions following patch applications were performed as diastereomeric (R)-(+)-1-phenylethylamides by achiral gas chromatography and by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in selected ion monitoring mode. The method for determination of (R)- and (S)-enantiomers in the range from 0.1 to 5.0 microg was linear (r > or = 0.9996) with acceptable precision (% RSD < or = 5.2) and accuracy (% RE = 0.6 approximately -2.4). The enantiomeric compositions of flurbiprofen in one patch product and of ketoprofen in five different products were identified to be racemic with relatively good precision (< or = 6.4%). The urinary excretion level of (R)-flurbiprofen was two times higher than its antipode, while the comparable excretion levels of (R)- and (S)-enantiomers for ketoprofen were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Jeong Paik
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
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20
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Paik MJ, Kim KR. Optical purity determination of (S)-lbuprofen in tablets by achiral gas chromatography. Arch Pharm Res 2004; 27:820-4. [PMID: 15460441 DOI: 10.1007/bf02980172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
An optical purity test was indirectly performed on (S)-ibuprofen as its diastereomeric (R)-(+)-1-phenylethylamide derivative using achiral gas chromatography (GC). The method for the determination of trace (R)-ibuprofen (optical impurity), within the range 1.0 to 50 ng, from a racemic ibuprofen standard was linear (r = 0.9997) with acceptable precision (% RSD < or = 5.3) and accuracy (% RE = 0.7 - -3.9). Similar results were obtained with the method validation for the quantification of (S)-ibuprofen within the range 0.1 to 2.0 microg using a (S)-ibuprofen standard. When applied to seven different commercial (S)-ibuprofen products, their optical purities (98.7 - 99.1%) were determined with good precision (% RSD < or = 4.0).
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Jeong Paik
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
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21
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Bhushan R, Gupta D. Resolution of (�)-ibuprofen using (?)-brucine as a chiral selector by thin layer chromatography. Biomed Chromatogr 2004; 18:838-40. [PMID: 15386571 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The enantiomeric resolution of (+/-)-ibuprofen into its enantiomers was achieved by TLC on silica gel plate using optically pure (-)-brucine as a chiral selector and acetonitrile-methanol (5:1, v/v) as the solvent system. Spots were located in an iodine chamber. The detection limit was 4.9 microg. The effect of concentration of the chiral selector, temperature and pH on resolution has been studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bhushan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247 667, India.
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22
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Bonato PS, Del Lama MPFM, de Carvalho R. Enantioselective determination of ibuprofen in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2003; 796:413-20. [PMID: 14581080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2003.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The enantioselective analysis of ibuprofen (IBU), a chiral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, in human plasma was carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). The plasma samples were prepared by liquid-liquid extraction using hexane:ethyl acetate (8:2, v/v). The HPLC chiral resolution of IBU was obtained using a chiral stationary phase based on a tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) amylose derivative, under reversed phase conditions (CHIRALPAK AD-RH column), using a mobile phase consisting of methanol:water (8:2, v/v), containing 0.1% of an aqueous solution of phosphoric acid at pH 2, at a flow rate of 0.6 ml/min. A make-up liquid of 4.5% (w/v) NH(4)OH aqueous solution was used to assure optimum electrospray ionization in the negative mode. The coefficients of variation and deviation from nominal values were lower than 15% for both within- and between-day assays. The quantitation limit was 0.12 microg/ml and the linear range was 0.12-90.0 microg/ml for both enantiomers. The method proved to be suitable for single dose pharmacokinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierina Sueli Bonato
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Café S/N, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil.
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Teng XW, Wang SWJ, Davies NM. Stereospecific high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of ibuprofen in rat serum. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2003; 796:225-31. [PMID: 14581063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2003.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A simple, rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for determination of ibuprofen, (+/-)-(R, S)-2-(4-isobutylphenyl)-propionic acid, enantiomers in rat serum. Serum (0.1 ml) was extracted with 2,2,4-trimethylpentane/isopropanol (95:5, v/v) after addition of the internal standard, (S)-naproxen, and acidification with H(2)SO(4). Enantiomeric resolution of ibuprofen was achieved on ChiralPak AD-RH column with ultraviolet (UV) detection at 220 nm without interference from endogenous co-extracted solutes. The calibration curve demonstrated excellent linearity between 0.1 and 50 microg/ml for each enantiomer. The mean extraction efficiency was >92%. Precision of the assay was within 11% (relative standard deviation (R.S.D.)) and bias of the assay was lower than 15% at the limit of quantitation (0.1 microg/ml). The assay was applied successfully to an oral pharmacokinetic study of ibuprofen in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wei Teng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6534, USA
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24
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Bhushan R, Arora M. Direct enantiomeric resolution of (+/-)-atenolol, (+/-)-metoprolol, and (+/-)-propranolol by impregnated TLC using L-aspartic acid as chiral selector. Biomed Chromatogr 2003; 17:226-30. [PMID: 12833387 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Resolution of three commonly used beta-blockers, (+/-)-atenolol, (+/-)-metoprolol and (+/-)-propranolol, into their enantiomers has been achieved using normal-phase TLC on silica gel plates impregnated with L-aspartic acid as the chiral selector. Different combinations of acetonitrile-methanol-water as mobile phase were found to be successful in resolving the enantiomers. The spots were detected with iodine and the detection limits were found to be 0.26 microg for atenolol and 0.23 microg for each of metoprolol and propranolol as racemate.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bhushan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Insitute of Technology, Roorkee 247 667, India
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25
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Aboul-Enein HY. Chiral separation of some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on tartardiamide DMB chiral stationary phase by HPLC. J Sep Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200390070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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26
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Farrar H, Letzig L, Gill M. Validation of a liquid chromatographic method for the determination of ibuprofen in human plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2002; 780:341-8. [PMID: 12401360 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-0232(02)00543-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A simple, rapid method of determining the ibuprofen concentration in small volumes of human plasma (50 microl) by HPLC was developed. The sample was prepared for injection using a solid-phase extraction method, with naproxen as the internal standard. A 96-well extraction plate was used, easing sample preparation and allowing the simultaneous extraction of multiple plasma samples directly into the HPLC injection vials. Samples were stable at room temperature for at least 48 h prior to injection. The HPLC method used an ultraviolet detector with a 5-min run time and measured concentrations across the range typically seen with the clinical use of this drug. The calibration curve was linear across the concentration range of 0.78-100 microg/ml with a limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 1.56 microg/ml. The coefficient of variation for intra-day and inter-day precision was 6% or less with accuracies within 2% of the nominal values for low (4.5 microg/ml), medium (40 microg/ml) and high (85 microg/ml) ibuprofen concentrations. For ibuprofen concentrations at the LOQ, the intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy were within 10 and 15%, respectively. Recovery was 87% or greater for ibuprofen. This method was used to analyze plasma samples for unknown ibuprofen concentrations in bioequivalence and limited food effect studies of different formulations of ibuprofen. Thus, this method has been fully validated and used in the analysis of unknown plasma samples for ibuprofen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Farrar
- Section on Pediatric Clinical Pharmacology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute, 800 Marshall Street, Little Rock, AR 72202-3591, USA.
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Johannsen M. Separation of enantiomers of ibuprofen on chiral stationary phases by packed column supercritical fluid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2001; 937:135-8. [PMID: 11765080 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)01330-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A packed column supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) method for the separation of ibuprofen enantiomers on a chiral stationary phase and CO2 with modifier as mobile phase has been developed at an analytical scale. Among 11 different stationary phases the Kromasil CHI-TBB phase showed by far the best separation properties. The influence of different modifiers, injection solvents, temperature, and pressure, and density of the fluid, respectively, on the separation behavior has been studied. It was found that the separation behavior strongly depends on the type of modifier and the modifier content. Temperature and pressure are of less influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Johannsen
- Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg, Arbeitsbereich Verfahrenstechnik II, Germany.
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29
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Bhushan R, Arora M. Resolution of enantiomers of DL-amino acids on silica gel plates impregnated with optically pure (-)-quinine. Biomed Chromatogr 2001; 15:433-6. [PMID: 11746238 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
TLC resolution of enantiomers from racemic amino acids was achieved on silica gel plates impregnated with optically pure (-)-quinine. The successful solvent systems were butanol-chloroform-acetic acid (3:7:5, v/v) for DL-methionine; 6:8:4, v/v for alanine; 10:1:4; v/v for threonine; and ethyl acetate-carbon tetrachloride-propionic acid (10.5:6.5:3.5, v/v) for valine. Minimum detection limits were found to be different for each of the amino acid, ranging between 0.9 and 3.7 microg. The effects of concentration of impregnating reagent, temperature and pH on resolution of enantiomers have been studied in details.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bhushan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Roorkee, Roorkee 247 667, India
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Péhourcq F, Jarry C, Bannwarth B. Chiral resolution of flurbiprofen and ketoprofen enantiomers by HPLC on a glycopeptide-type column chiral stationary phase. Biomed Chromatogr 2001; 15:217-22. [PMID: 11391680 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Vancomycin is an amphoteric, glycopeptide, macrocyclic antibiotic. When attached to 5 microspherical silica gel, vancomycin proved to be an effective chromatographic chiral stationary phase that could be used in the reversed-phase mode. In this study, a bonded vancomycin chiral stationary phase (Chirobiotic Vtrade mark) was investigated for the chiral liquid chromatography analysis of ketoprofen and flurbiprofen. The selectivity factor (alpha) and the chiral resolution factor (RS) of Chirobiotic Vtrade mark were evaluated first as a function of the buffer pH and molarity, and second as a function of organic modifier type and composition of the mobile phase. Four organic modifiers (tetrahydrofuran, 2-propanol, 1,4-dioxane and methanol) have been tested for their selectivity. Optimized conditions using 20% of tetrahydrofuran in ammonium nitrate (100 mM, pH 5) were selected for the enantioseparation of flurbiprofen and ketoprofen from their racemic forms. At pH 5, these acidic compounds are almost negatively charged, while the chiral selector possesses a positive charge allowing it to interact electrostatistically with the analytes. Using these chromatographic conditions, the column stability was excellent over several months of experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Péhourcq
- Department of Pharmacology, University Victor Segalen, Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France.
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Bhushan R, Martens J. Separation of amino acids, their derivatives and enantiomers by impregnated TLC. Biomed Chromatogr 2001; 15:155-65. [PMID: 11391671 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The present state of TLC with respect to separation of amino acids, their different derivatives and their enantiomers by the technique of impregnation is discussed. The main approaches to impregnation viz. mixing of a suitable reagent with the adsorbent prior to plate-making, immersion of the untreated plate in the solution of impregnating reagent prior to development, and modification of the adsorbent, have been identified and discussed for each class of these compounds. The role of impregnation in resolving enantiomers or in improving the separation of mixtures of amino acids or their derivatives in terms of ion pairing, complex formation, ligand exchange or other steric interactions has been elaborated in each category.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bhushan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Roorkee, Roorkee 247 667, India
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Bhushan R, Martens J, Arora M. Direct resolution of (+/-)-ephedrine and atropine into their enantiomers by impregnated TLC. Biomed Chromatogr 2001; 15:151-4. [PMID: 11391670 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Direct resolution of (+/-)-ephedrine and atropine into their enantiomers was achieved by normal-phase thin layer chromatography on silica gel plates impregnated with optically pure L-tartaric acid and L-histidine, respectively, as chiral selectors. The mobile phases enabling successful resolution were different combinations of acetonitrile-methanol-water. The spots were detected with iodine vapours and the detection limits were 2 and 6 microg, respectively, in terms of the racemate. The effects of concentration of the impregnating reagent, temperature and pH on resolution have been studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bhushan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Roorkee, Roorkee 247 667, India
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Sun XX, Sun LZ, Aboul-Enein HY. Chiral derivatization reagents for drug enantioseparation by high-performance liquid chromatography based upon pre-column derivatization and formation of diastereomers: enantioselectivity and related structure. Biomed Chromatogr 2001; 15:116-32. [PMID: 11268052 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Structures and related enantioselectivities of the respective chiral derivatization reagents (CDRs) for drug enantioseparation by high-performance chromatography based upon pre-column derivatization and diastereomeric formation are reviewed. The elution order of diastereomers caused reaction of some CDRs with enantiomeric amino acids and carboxylic acids. The development of new CDRs available for indirect HPLC methods is also discussed. (c) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- X X Sun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Changzhou 213016, People's Republic of China
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Bhushan R, Thiongo GT. Direct enantiomeric resolution of some 2-arylpropionic acids using (-)-brucine-impregnated thin-layer chromatography. Biomed Chromatogr 1999; 13:276-8. [PMID: 10416060 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0801(199906)13:4<276::aid-bmc843>3.0.co;2-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Direct enantioseparation of (+/-)-ibuprofen and (+/-)-flurbiprofen was achieved by two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography on silica gel plates impregnated with optically pure (-)-brucine as chiral selector. The solvent systems that were successful in resolving both the compounds were acetonitrile-methanol (16:3 v/v) for the first dimension and acetonitrile-methanol-water (16:3:0.4, v/v) for the second dimension. Iodine vapour was used for detection; the detection limit for both (+/-)-ibuprofen and (+/-)-flurbiprofen was 0.1 microgram.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bhushan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Roorkee, India
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