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Kandel S, Querido W, Falcon JM, Zlotnick HM, Locke RC, Stoeckl B, Patel JM, Patil CA, Mauck RL, Pleshko N. In Situ Assessment of Porcine Osteochondral Repair Tissue in the Visible-Near Infrared Spectral Region. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:885369. [PMID: 36082171 PMCID: PMC9445125 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.885369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Standard assessment of cartilage repair progression by visual arthroscopy can be subjective and may result in suboptimal evaluation. Visible-near infrared (Vis-NIR) fiber optic spectroscopy of joint tissues, including articular cartilage and subchondral bone, provides an objective approach for quantitative assessment of tissue composition. Here, we applied this technique in the 350-2,500 nm spectral region to identify spectral markers of osteochondral tissue during repair with the overarching goal of developing a new approach to monitor repair of cartilage defects in vivo. Full thickness chondral defects were created in Yucatan minipigs using a 5-mm biopsy punch, and microfracture (MFx) was performed as a standard technique to facilitate repair. Tissues were evaluated at 1 month (in adult pigs) and 3 months (in juvenile pigs) post-surgery by spectroscopy and histology. After euthanasia, Vis-NIR spectra were collected in situ from the defect region. Additional spectroscopy experiments were carried out in vitro to aid in spectral interpretation. Osteochondral tissues were dissected from the joint and evaluated using the conventional International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) II histological scoring system, which showed lower scores for the 1-month than the 3-month repair tissues. In the visible spectral region, hemoglobin absorbances at 540 and 570 nm were significantly higher in spectra from 1-month repair tissue than 3-month repair tissue, indicating a reduction of blood in the more mature repair tissue. In the NIR region, we observed qualitative differences between the two groups in spectra taken from the defect, but differences did not reach significance. Furthermore, spectral data also indicated that the hydrated environment of the joint tissue may interfere with evaluation of tissue water absorbances in the NIR region. Together, these data provide support for further investigation of the visible spectral region for assessment of longitudinal repair of cartilage defects, which would enable assessment during routine arthroscopy, particularly in a hydrated environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shital Kandel
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - William Querido
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jessica M. Falcon
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hannah M. Zlotnick
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ryan C. Locke
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Brendan Stoeckl
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jay M. Patel
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Orthopedics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Chetan A. Patil
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Robert L. Mauck
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nancy Pleshko
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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A Review on Graphene’s Light Stabilizing Effects for Reduced Photodegradation of Polymers. CRYSTALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst11010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Graphene, the newest member of the carbon’s family, has proven its efficiency in improving polymers’ resistance against photodegradation, even at low loadings equal to 1 wt% or lower. This protective role involves a multitude of complementary mechanisms associated with graphene’s unique geometry and chemistry. In this review, these mechanisms, taking place during both the initiation and propagation steps of photodegradation, are discussed concerning graphene and graphene derivatives, i.e., graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). In particular, graphene displays important UV absorption, free radical scavenging, and quenching capabilities thanks to the abundant π-bonds and sp2 carbon sites in its hexagonal lattice structure. The free radical scavenging effect is also partially linked with functional hydroxyl groups on the surface. However, the sp2 sites remain the predominant player, which makes graphene’s antioxidant effect potentially stronger than rGO and GO. Besides, UV screening and oxygen barriers are active protective mechanisms attributed to graphene’s high surface area and 2D geometry. Moreover, the way that graphene, as a nucleating agent, can improve the photostability of polymers, have been explored as well. These include the potential effect of graphene on increasing polymer’s glass transition temperature and crystallinity.
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Wang CM, Chen CY, Liao WS. Paper-polymer composite devices with minimal fluorescence background. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 963:93-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Direct immobilization of biotin on the micro-patterned PEN foil treated by excimer laser. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 128:363-369. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Ouchi I, Nakai I, Ono M, Kimura S. Features of fluorescence spectra of polyethylene 2,6-naphthalate films. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.26085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Szadkowska-Nicze M, Mayer J. Ionic and excited species in irradiated poly(ethylene terephthalate) doped with pyrene. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-6030(03)00110-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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