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Fron E, Puhl L, Oesterling I, Li C, Müllen K, De Schryver FC, Hofkens J, Vosch T. Energy Transfer Pathways in a Rylene‐Based Triad. Chemphyschem 2010; 12:595-608. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201000665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Fron
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee (Belgium)
| | - Larissa Puhl
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz (Germany)
| | - Ingo Oesterling
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz (Germany)
| | - Chen Li
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz (Germany)
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz (Germany)
| | - Frans C. De Schryver
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee (Belgium)
| | - Johan Hofkens
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee (Belgium)
| | - Tom Vosch
- Nano‐Science Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen (Denmark), Fax: (+45) 353‐20‐322
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Weil T, Vosch T, Hofkens J, Peneva K, Müllen K. Rylenfarbstoffe als maßgeschneiderte Nanoemitter für die Photonik. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200902532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Weil T, Vosch T, Hofkens J, Peneva K, Müllen K. The Rylene Colorant Family-Tailored Nanoemitters for Photonics Research and Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:9068-93. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200902532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 520] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Lu Y, Bowles RK, Paige MF. Dual-Polarization Imaging of a Dual-Fluorophore Ion Sensor: A Single-Molecule Study. Chemphyschem 2008; 9:1947-53. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200800337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Avlasevich Y, Müllen K. An efficient synthesis of quaterrylenedicarboximide NIR dyes. J Org Chem 2007; 72:10243-6. [PMID: 18044927 DOI: 10.1021/jo702019p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Quaterrylenedicarboximides were prepared from 9-bromoperylene-3,4-dicarboximides by palladium-catalyzed coupling with 3-perylene boronic ester, followed by oxidative cyclodehydrogenation of the resulting perylene-perylenedicarboximide dyads with iron(III) chloride. The quaterrylenedicarboximides, described here, are highly photochemically and thermally stable dyes, which may be useful as green NIR dyes (lambdamax = 735 nm) and as building blocks for the synthesis of higher rylene dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Avlasevich
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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Kawai T, Kawamura K, Tsumatori H, Ishikawa M, Naito M, Fujiki M, Nakashima T. Circularly Polarized Luminescence of a Fluorescent Chiral Binaphtylene–Perylenebiscarboxydiimide Dimer. Chemphyschem 2007; 8:1465-8. [PMID: 17557371 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200600747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Kawai
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, NAIST, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan.
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Melnikov SM, Yeow EKL, Uji-i H, Cotlet M, Müllen K, De Schryver FC, Enderlein J, Hofkens J. Origin of Simultaneous Donor−Acceptor Emission in Single Molecules of Peryleneimide−Terrylenediimide Labeled Polyphenylene Dendrimers. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:708-19. [PMID: 17249814 DOI: 10.1021/jp0655625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Förster type resonance energy transfer (FRET) in donor-acceptor peryleneimide-terrylenediimide dendrimers has been examined at the single molecule level. Very efficient energy transfer between the donor and the acceptor prevent the detection of donor emission before photobleaching of the acceptor. Indeed, in solution, on exciting the donor, only acceptor emission is detected. However, at the single molecule level, an important fraction of the investigated individual molecules (about 10-15%) show simultaneous emission from both donor and acceptor chromophores. The effect becomes apparent mostly after photobleaching of the majority of donors. Single molecule photon flux correlation measurements in combination with computer simulations and a variety of excitation conditions were used to determine the contribution of an exciton blockade to this two-color emission. Two-color defocused wide-field imaging showed that the two-color emission goes hand in hand with an unfavorable orientation between one of the donors and the acceptor chromophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey M Melnikov
- Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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Balaban TS, Berova N, Drain CM, Hauschild R, Huang X, Kalt H, Lebedkin S, Lehn JM, Nifaitis F, Pescitelli G, Prokhorenko VI, Riedel G, Smeureanu G, Zeller J. Syntheses and energy transfer in multiporphyrinic arrays self-assembled with hydrogen-bonding recognition groups and comparison with covalent steroidal models. Chemistry 2007; 13:8411-27. [PMID: 17645286 PMCID: PMC6232843 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200601691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A number of new porphyrins equipped with complementary triple hydrogen-bonding groups were synthesized in good yields. Self-assembly was investigated by NMR spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). These artificial antenna systems were further characterized by stationary and time-resolved fluorescence techniques to investigate several yet unsolved questions on the mechanism of excitation energy transfer (EET) in supramolecular systems. For example, the photophysics of a simple D--U[triple chemical bond]P--A dyad was studied, in which donor D and acceptor A are ZnII- metalated and free-base porphyrins, respectively, and U (uracyl) and P (2,6-diacetamidopyridyl) are complementary hydrogen-bonding groups linked by flexible spacers. In this dyad, the EET occurs with about 20 % efficiency with a lifetime of 14 ps. Reversal of the nonsymmetric triple hydrogen-bonding groups to give a A--U[triple chemical bond]P--D construct results in an EET efficiency of about 25 % and a lifetime of 19 ps. Thus, there is a slight directionality of EET mediated by these asymmetric triple hydrogen-bonding units tethered to flexible spacers. In polymeric systems of the type P-D-P[triple chemical bond]U-A-U[triple chemical bond]P-D-P, or U-D-U[triple chemical bond]P-A-P[triple chemical bond]U-D-U, the EET efficiency doubles as each donor is flanked by two acceptors. Because doubling the probability of photon capture doubles the EET efficiency, there is no energy amplification, which is consistent with the "antenna effect". For these polymeric systems, AFM images and DLS data indicate large rodlike assemblies of a few hundred nanometers, whereas the components form much smaller aggregates under the same conditions. To understand the importance of the flexible hydrogen-bonding zipper, three different covalently bridged D-B-A molecules were synthesized in which the bridge B is a rigid steroidal system and the same ester chemistry was used to link the porphyrins to each end of the steroid. The geometry inferred from molecular modeling of D-B-A indicates geometric similarities between B and some conformations of the --P[triple chemical bond]U-- supramolecular bridge. Although the EET efficiency is a factor of two greater for the steroidal systems relative to the supramolecular dyads, the rate is 50-80 times slower, but still slightly faster than that predicted by Förster-type mechanisms. Circular dichrosim (CD) spectra provide a conformational sampling of the porphyrin groups appended on the steroidal skeleton, thus allowing an estimation of the orientation factor kappa for the transition dipole moments, which significantly affects the EET rate. We conclude that the flexible hydrogen-bonded linked systems are adaptive and have variable geometries with foldamers in which the D and A groups can approach well under 1 nm. In these folded conformations, a rapid EET process occurs, probably also involving a Dexter-type exchange mechanism, thus explaining the fast EET relative to the rigid steroidal compounds. This study predicts that it is indeed possible to build large supramolecular antennas and the component design and supramolecular dynamics are essential features that dictate EET rates and efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodor Silviu Balaban
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institute for Nanotechnology, Postfach 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Sapsford KE, Berti L, Medintz IL. Materialien für den resonanten Fluoreszenzenergietransfer (FRET): jenseits klassischer Donor-Acceptor-Kombinationen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200503873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Sapsford KE, Berti L, Medintz IL. Materials for Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Analysis: Beyond Traditional Donor–Acceptor Combinations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 45:4562-89. [PMID: 16819760 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200503873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1017] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The use of Förster or fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) as a spectroscopic technique has been in practice for over 50 years. A search of ISI Web of Science with just the acronym "FRET" returns more than 2300 citations from various areas such as structural elucidation of biological molecules and their interactions, in vitro assays, in vivo monitoring in cellular research, nucleic acid analysis, signal transduction, light harvesting and metallic nanomaterials. The advent of new classes of fluorophores including nanocrystals, nanoparticles, polymers, and genetically encoded proteins, in conjunction with ever more sophisticated equipment, has been vital in this development. This review gives a critical overview of the major classes of fluorophore materials that may act as donor, acceptor, or both in a FRET configuration. We focus in particular on the benefits and limitations of these materials and their combinations, as well as the available methods of bioconjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim E Sapsford
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6910, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA
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Lippitz M, Kulzer F, Orrit M. Statistical evaluation of single nano-object fluorescence. Chemphyschem 2006; 6:770-89. [PMID: 15884060 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200400560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Single nano-objects display strong fluctuations of their fluorescence signals. These random and irreproducible variations must be subject to statistical analysis to provide microscopic information. We review the main evaluation methods used so far by experimentalists in the field of single-molecule spectroscopy: time traces, correlation functions, distributions of "on" and "off" times, higher-order correlations. We compare their advantages and weaknesses from a theoretical point of view, illustrating our main conclusions with simple numerical simulations. We then review experiments on different types of single nano-objects, the phenomena which are observed and the statistical analyses applied to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Lippitz
- Molecular Nano-Optics and Spins, Huygens Laboratory, Leiden Institute of Physics (LION), Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Gregg DJ, Ollagnier CMA, Fitchett CM, Draper SM. Structurally Characterized Hetero-Oligopolyphenylenes: Synthetic Advances Toward Next-Generation Heterosuperbenzenes. Chemistry 2006; 12:3043-52. [PMID: 16440392 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200501289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The successful Diels-Alder [2+4] cycloaddition of dipyrimidyl acetylene and suitably substituted 2,3,4,5-tetraarylcyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-ones (3-7) generates a series of selectively functionalized hexaarylbenzenes. Each has two pairs of peripheral functional groups (R' and R=tert-butyl 8 and R=methyl 9, methoxy 10, bromo 11, triisopropylsilylethynyl 12) and four ortho-imine nitrogen atoms. The dibromo derivative 11 is a useful precursor for the formation of a mono ethynyl 13 and diethynyl 14 substituted polyphenylene. Changing the dienophile to di(2-thienyl)acetylene gives an S-heteroatom polyphenylene 15. The compounds were fully characterized by using (1)H, (13)C and a range of 2 D NMR spectroscopic techniques, elemental analysis, and mass spectrometry. Oxidative cyclodehydrogenation of dimethoxy hexaphenylbenzene 10 by using iron(III) chloride results in the formation of a spirocyclic dienone 16, which in a separate reaction undergoes dienone/phenol rearrangement to give the first 4-fused-ring, N-heterosuperbenzene (HSB) 17. Six single crystal molecular structures reveal the commonality of unidirectional twisting of the external aromatic rings in these heteroatom polyphenylenes. The twist angles and any H-bonding or interdigitation in these structures are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Gregg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Boens N, De Feyter S, Hofkens J, Viaene L, Van der Auweraer M. Frans De Schryver: forty years of photochemistry and photophysics. Chemphyschem 2005; 6:2215-7. [PMID: 16273573 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200500424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noel Boens
- Division of Molecular and Nanomaterials, Chemistry Department, K.U.Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Heverlee, Leuven, Belgium
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Abstract
The development of nanotechnology using organic materials is one of the most intellectually and commercially exciting stories of our times. Advances in synthetic chemistry and in methods for the investigation and manipulation of individual molecules and small ensembles of molecules have produced major advances in the field of organic nanomaterials. The new insights into the optical and electronic properties of molecules obtained by means of single-molecule spectroscopy and scanning probe microscopy have spurred chemists to conceive and make novel molecular and supramolecular designs. Methods have also been sought to exploit the properties of these materials in optoelectronic devices, and prototypes and models for new nanoscale devices have been demonstrated. This Review aims to show how the interaction between synthetic chemistry and spectroscopy has driven the field of organic nanomaterials forward towards the ultimate goal of new technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Grimsdale
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Becker K, Lupton JM. Dual species emission from single polyfluorene molecules: signatures of stress-induced planarization of single polymer chains. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:7306-7. [PMID: 15898767 DOI: 10.1021/ja051583l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Single chains of the conjugated polymer polyfluorene are shown to exist in two distinct conformational arrangements. Planarization of the chain to the single molecule beta-phase leads to a red shift in the emission and a strong modification of the vibronic progression. Most importantly, this structural rearrangement dramatically affects the photophysical stability on the single molecule level. Single molecule beta-phase emission displays a vastly improved lifetime and much less noise on both the emission intensity and the spectral position. In the absence of signatures of multichromophoric emission on the single molecule level, we propose that the effective conjugation length accounts for most of the physical chain length of the beta-phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Becker
- Photonics and Optoelectronics Group, Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
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Tinnefeld P, Sauer M. Branching Out of Single‐Molecule Fluorescence Spectroscopy: Challenges for Chemistry and Influence on Biology. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005; 44:2642-2671. [PMID: 15849689 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200300647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade emerging single-molecule fluorescence-spectroscopy tools have been developed and adapted to analyze individual molecules under various conditions. Single-molecule-sensitive optical techniques are now well established and help to increase our understanding of complex problems in different disciplines ranging from materials science to cell biology. Previous dreams, such as the monitoring of the motility and structural changes of single motor proteins in living cells or the detection of single-copy genes and the determination of their distance from polymerase molecules in transcription factories in the nucleus of a living cell, no longer constitute unsolvable problems. In this Review we demonstrate that single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy has become an independent discipline capable of solving problems in molecular biology. We outline the challenges and future prospects for optical single-molecule techniques which can be used in combination with smart labeling strategies to yield quantitative three-dimensional information about the dynamic organization of living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Tinnefeld
- Applied Laserphysics und Laserspectroscopy, Faculty of Physics, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany, Fax: (+49) 521-106-2958
| | - Markus Sauer
- Applied Laserphysics und Laserspectroscopy, Faculty of Physics, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany, Fax: (+49) 521-106-2958
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Tinnefeld P, Sauer M. Neue Wege in der Einzelmolekül-Fluoreszenzspektroskopie: Herausforderungen für die Chemie und Einfluss auf die Biologie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200300647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Schindler F, Jacob J, Grimsdale AC, Scherf U, Müllen K, Lupton JM, Feldmann J. Counting Chromophores in Conjugated Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005; 44:1520-5. [PMID: 15685678 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200461784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Schindler
- Photonics and Optoelectronics Group, Physics Department and CeNS, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80799 Munich, Germany
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Schindler F, Jacob J, Grimsdale AC, Scherf U, Müllen K, Lupton JM, Feldmann J. Counting Chromophores in Conjugated Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200461784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Christ T, Kulzer F, Weil T, Müllen K, Basché T. Frequency selective excitation of single chromophores within shape-persistent multichromophoric dendrimers. Chem Phys Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(03)00515-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Scheblykin I, Zoriniants G, Hofkens J, De Feyter S, Van der Auweraer M, De Schryver FC. Photoluminescence intensity fluctuations and electric-field-induced photoluminescence quenching in individual nanoclusters of poly(phenylenevinylene). Chemphyschem 2003; 4:260-7. [PMID: 12674598 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200390042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Substantial fluctuations of the fluorescence intensity have been detected for single clusters of poly(phenylenevinylene) containing more than 75 polymer chains or 30,000 monomer units. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time such fluctuations (which resemble the "blinking" effect in single-molecule fluorescence) have been reported for such a large molecular ensemble containing several macromolecules. Together with the distinct jumps, smooth fluctuations of the fluorescence intensity, with characteristic times from milliseconds to seconds, were observed. This fact distinguishes the fluorescence behaviour of the polymer clusters from that of other multichromophoric systems such as the single chains of conjugated polymers reported in the literature. The consecutive or simultaneous switching of one or several emitting sites from the "on" to "off" state does not explain the character of the fluctuations observed. We suggest that the quenching of the light-emitting exciton by a long-lived species, such as, for example, polarons, plays an important role in these unusual fluctuations. Electric field induced fluorescence quenching differs significantly for different clusters. It is proposed that this fluorescence was mainly quenched by polarons injected from the electrodes in the presence of an electric field. The specific behaviour of each cluster is explained by suggesting a different position of the clusters with respect to the electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Scheblykin
- P.N. Lebedev Physics Institute, RAS, Leninsky pr. 53, 119991 GSP-1 Moscow, Russia
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Vosch T, Hofkens J, Cotlet M, Köhn F, Fujiwara H, Gronheid R, Van Der Biest K, Weil T, Herrmann A, Müllen K, Mukamel S, Van Der Auweraer M, De Schryver FC. Influence of Structural and Rotational Isomerism on the Triplet Blinking of Individual Dendrimer Molecules J.H. thanks the FWO for a post-doctoral fellowship. T.V. wishes to thank the I.W.T. for a doctoral fellowship. Financial support by the FWO, the DWTC (through IUAP-4-11), and the Flemish Ministry of Education (through GOA/1/2001) is gratefully acknowledged. The EC (through TMR Sisitomas), ESF (through Smarton), and the Volkswagen-Stiftung are also thanked for financial support. Dr. L. Latterini is thanked for the triplet absorption measurements. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001; 40:4643-4648. [PMID: 12404372 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20011217)40:24<4643::aid-anie4643>3.0.co;2-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Vosch
- Department of Chemistry Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee (Belgium)
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Vosch T, Hofkens J, Cotlet M, Köhn F, Fujiwara H, Gronheid R, Van Der Biest K, Weil T, Herrmann A, Müllen K, Mukamel S, Van der Auweraer M, De Schryver FC. Influence of Structural and Rotational Isomerism on the Triplet Blinking of Individual Dendrimer Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20011217)113:24<4779::aid-ange4779>3.0.co;2-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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Vosch T, Hofkens J, Cotlet M, Köhn F, Fujiwara H, Gronheid R, Van Der Biest K, Weil T, Herrmann A, Müllen K, Mukamel S, Van der Auweraer M, De Schryver FC. Influence of Structural and Rotational Isomerism on the Triplet Blinking of Individual Dendrimer Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20011217)40:24%3c4643::aid-anie4643%3e3.0.co;2-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Thelakkat M, Pösch P, Schmidt HW. Synthesis and Characterization of Highly Fluorescent Main-Chain Copolyimides Containing Perylene and Quinoxaline Units. Macromolecules 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/ma010615w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mukundan Thelakkat
- Makromolekulare Chemie I and Bayreuther Institut für Makromolekülforschung (BIMF), Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Peter Pösch
- Makromolekulare Chemie I and Bayreuther Institut für Makromolekülforschung (BIMF), Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Hans-Werner Schmidt
- Makromolekulare Chemie I and Bayreuther Institut für Makromolekülforschung (BIMF), Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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De Belder G, Schweitzer G, Jordens S, Lor M, Mitra S, Hofkens J, De Feyter S, Van der Auweraer M, Herrmann A, Weil T, Müllen K, De Schryver FC. Singlet-Singlet Annihilation in Multichromophoric Peryleneimide Dendrimers, Determined by Fluorescence Upconversion. Chemphyschem 2001; 2:49-55. [DOI: 10.1002/1439-7641(20010119)2:1<49::aid-cphc49>3.0.co;2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2000] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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29
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Zhou X, Tyson DS, Castellano FN. First Generation Light-Harvesting Dendrimers with a [Ru(bpy)3]2+ Core and Aryl Ether Ligands Functionalized with Coumarin 450. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20001201)112:23<4471::aid-ange4471>3.0.co;2-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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30
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Zhou X, Tyson DS, Castellano FN. First Generation Light-Harvesting Dendrimers with a [Ru(bpy)3]2+ Core and Aryl Ether Ligands Functionalized with Coumarin 450. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2000; 39:4301-4305. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20001201)39:23<4301::aid-anie4301>3.0.co;2-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2000] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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