1
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Geiger Y, Bellemin-Laponnaz S. Non‐Linear Effects in Asymmetric Catalysis: Impact of Catalyst Precipitation. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Geiger
- Université de Strasbourg 1: Universite de Strasbourg IPCMS FRANCE
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2
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Brandolese A, Greenhalgh MD, Desrues T, Liu X, Qu S, Bressy C, Smith AD. Horeau amplification in the sequential acylative kinetic resolution of (±)-1,2-diols and (±)-1,3-diols in flow. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:3620-3627. [PMID: 33908571 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00304f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The sequential acylative kinetic resolution (KR) of C2-symmetric (±)-1,2-syn and (±)-1,3-anti-diols using a packed bed microreactor loaded with the polystyrene-supported isothiourea, HyperBTM, is demonstrated in flow. The sequential KRs of C2-symmetric (±)-1,2-syn and (±)-1,3-anti-diols exploits Horeau amplification, with each composed of two successive KR processes, with each substrate class significantly differing in the relative rate constants for each KR process. Optimisation of the continuous flow set-up for both C2-symmetric (±)-1,2-syn and (±)-1,3-anti-diol substrate classes allowed isolation of reaction products in both high enantiopurity and yield. In addition to the successful KR of C2-symmetric (±)-1,2-syn and (±)-1,3-anti-diols, the application of this process to the more conceptually-complex scenario involving the sequential KR of C1-symmetric (±)-1,3-anti-diols was demonstrated, which involves eight independent rate constants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Brandolese
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK. and Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mark D Greenhalgh
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK. and Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Titouan Desrues
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 Marseille, France.
| | - Xueyang Liu
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 Marseille, France.
| | - Shen Qu
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK.
| | - Cyril Bressy
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 Marseille, France.
| | - Andrew D Smith
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK.
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3
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Trost BM, Gnanamani E. Enantio- and Diastereoselective Double Mannich Reaction between Ketones and Imines Catalyzed by Zn-ProPhenol. Org Lett 2020; 22:1675-1680. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barry M. Trost
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Elumalai Gnanamani
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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4
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Zhang B, Hollerbach MR, Blakey SB, Davies HML. C–H Functionalization Approach for the Synthesis of Chiral C2-Symmetric 1,5-Cyclooctadiene Ligands. Org Lett 2019; 21:9864-9868. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Michael R. Hollerbach
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Simon B. Blakey
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Huw M. L. Davies
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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5
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Harned AM. From determination of enantiopurity to the construction of complex molecules: The Horeau principle and its application in synthesis. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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6
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Golder MR, Jiang Y, Teichen PE, Nguyen HVT, Wang W, Milos N, Freedman SA, Willard AP, Johnson JA. Stereochemical Sequence Dictates Unimolecular Diblock Copolymer Assembly. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:1596-1599. [PMID: 29356516 PMCID: PMC5803323 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b12696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Deciphering the significance of length, sequence, and stereochemistry in block copolymer self-assembly remains an ongoing challenge. A dearth of methods to access uniform block co-oligomers/polymers with precise stereochemical sequences has precluded such studies. Here, we develop iterative exponential growth methods for the synthesis of a small library of unimolecular stereoisomeric diblock 32-mers. X-ray scattering reveals that stereochemistry modulates the phase behavior of these polymers, which we rationalize based on simulations carried out on a theoretical model system. This work demonstrates that stereochemical sequence can play a crucial role in unimolecular polymer self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paul E. Teichen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02143, United States
| | - Hung V.-T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02143, United States
| | - Wencong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02143, United States
| | - Nicole Milos
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02143, United States
| | - Seth A. Freedman
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02143, United States
| | - Adam P. Willard
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02143, United States
| | - Jeremiah A. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02143, United States
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7
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Taheri kal Koshvandi A, Heravi MM. Applications of Danishefsky’s dienes in asymmetric Oxo-Diels-Alder reactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2017.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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8
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Kim SW, Zhang W, Krische MJ. Catalytic Enantioselective Carbonyl Allylation and Propargylation via Alcohol-Mediated Hydrogen Transfer: Merging the Chemistry of Grignard and Sabatier. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:2371-2380. [PMID: 28792731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Merging the characteristics of transfer hydrogenation and carbonyl addition, we have developed a new class of catalytic enantioselective C-C bond formations. In these processes, hydrogen transfer between alcohols and π-unsaturated reactants generates carbonyl-organometal pairs that combine to deliver products of addition. On the basis of this mechanistic paradigm, lower alcohols are converted directly to higher alcohols in the absence of premetalated reagents or discrete alcohol-to-carbonyl redox reactions. In certain cases, due to a pronounced kinetic preference for primary versus secondary alcohol dehydrogenation, diols and higher polyols are found to engage in catalytic stereo- and site-selective C-C bond formation-a capability that further enhances efficiency by enabling skeletal construction events without extraneous manipulations devoted to the installation and removal of protecting groups. While this Account focuses on redox-neutral couplings of alcohols, corresponding aldehyde reductive couplings mediated by 2-propanol were developed in parallel for most of the catalytic transformations reported herein. Mechanistically, two distinct classes of alcohol C-H functionalizations have emerged, which are distinguished by the mode of pronucleophile activation, specifically, processes wherein alcohol oxidation is balanced by (a) π-bond hydrometalation or (b) C-X bond reductive cleavage. Each pathway offers access to allylmetal or allenylmetal intermediates and, therefrom, enantiomerically enriched homoallylic or homopropargylic alcohol products, respectively. In the broadest terms, carbonyl addition mediated by premetalated reagents has played a central role in synthetic organic chemistry for well over a century, but the requisite organometallic reagents pose issues of safety, require multistep syntheses, and generate stoichiometric quantities of metallic byproducts. The concepts and catalytic processes described in this Account, conceived and developed wholly within the author's laboratory, signal a departure from the use of stoichiometric organometallic reagents in carbonyl addition. Rather, they reimagine carbonyl addition as a hydrogen autotransfer process or cross-coupling in which alcohol reactants, by virtue of their native reducing ability, drive the generation of transient organometallic nucleophiles and, in doing so, serve dually as carbonyl proelectrophiles. The catalytic allylative and propargylative transformations developed to date display capabilities far beyond their classical counterparts, and their application to the total synthesis of type-I polyketide natural products have evoked a step-change in efficiency. More importantly, the present data suggest that diverse transformations traditionally reliant on premetalated reagents may now be conducted catalytically without stoichiometric metals. This Account provides the reader and potential practitioner with a catalog of enantioselective alcohol-mediated carbonyl additions-a user's guide, 10-year retrospective, and foundation for future work in this emerging area of catalytic C-C bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Wook Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Welch
Hall (A5300), 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Wandi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Welch
Hall (A5300), 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Michael J. Krische
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Welch
Hall (A5300), 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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9
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Kalek M, Fu GC. Caution in the Use of Nonlinear Effects as a Mechanistic Tool for Catalytic Enantioconvergent Reactions: Intrinsic Negative Nonlinear Effects in the Absence of Higher-Order Species. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:4225-4229. [PMID: 28276679 PMCID: PMC5486213 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b01826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Investigation of the dependence of product enantiometric excess (ee) on catalyst ee is a widely used tool to probe the mechanism of an enantioselective reaction; in particular, the observation of a nonlinear relationship is usually interpreted as an indication of the presence of one or more species that contain at least two units of the chiral entity. In this report, we demonstrate that catalytic enantioconvergent reactions can display an intrinsic negative nonlinear effect that originates purely from the kinetic characteristics of certain enantioconvergent processes and is independent of possible aggregation of the chiral entity. Specifically, this intrinsic negative nonlinear effect can arise when there is a kinetic resolution of the racemic starting material, and its magnitude is correlated with the selectivity factor and the conversion; the dependence on conversion provides a ready means to distinguish it from a more conventional nonlinear effect. We support our analysis with experimental data for two distinct enantioconvergent processes, one catalyzed by a chiral phosphine and the other by a chiral Pd/phosphine complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Kalek
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Gregory C. Fu
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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10
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Kim SW, Lee W, Krische MJ. Asymmetric Allylation of Glycidols Mediated by Allyl Acetate via Iridium-Catalyzed Hydrogen Transfer. Org Lett 2017; 19:1252-1254. [PMID: 28221810 PMCID: PMC5651674 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glycidols prepared via Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation participate in asymmetric redox-neutral carbonyl allylation with good levels of catalyst-directed diastereoselectivity. Equally stereoselective allylations may be performed from the aldehyde oxidation level using 2-propanol as the terminal reductant. An epoxide ring-opening reaction using AlMe3-n-BuLi is used to prepare the propionate-based stereotetrad spanning C17-C23 of dictyostatin, illustrating how this method may be applied to polyketide construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Wook Kim
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Wonchul Lee
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Michael J. Krische
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, Austin, TX 78712
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11
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Sun Z, Chen J, Liu Y, Tu T. Chiral Titanium Coordination Assemblies: Robust Cooperative Self-Supported Catalysts for Asymmetric Ring Opening ofmeso-Epoxides with Aliphatic Amines. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201600692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheming Sun
- Department of Chemistry; Fudan University; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangbo Chen
- Department of Chemistry; Fudan University; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 People's Republic of China
| | - Yaoqi Liu
- Department of Chemistry; Fudan University; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Tu
- Department of Chemistry; Fudan University; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 200032 People's Republic of China
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12
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Neel AJ, Milo A, Sigman MS, Toste FD. Enantiodivergent Fluorination of Allylic Alcohols: Data Set Design Reveals Structural Interplay between Achiral Directing Group and Chiral Anion. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:3863-75. [PMID: 26967114 PMCID: PMC5176255 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Enantioselectivity values represent relative rate measurements that are sensitive to the structural features of the substrates and catalysts interacting to produce them. Therefore, well-designed enantioselectivity data sets are information rich and can provide key insights regarding specific molecular interactions. However, if the mechanism for enantioselection varies throughout a data set, these values cannot be easily compared. This premise, which is the crux of free energy relationships, exposes a challenging issue of identifying mechanistic breaks within multivariate correlations. Herein, we describe an approach to addressing this problem in the context of a chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed fluorination of allylic alcohols using aryl boronic acids as transient directing groups. By designing a data set in which both the phosphoric and boronic acid structures were systematically varied, key enantioselectivity outliers were identified and analyzed. A mechanistic study was executed to reveal the structural origins of these outliers, which was consistent with the presence of several mechanistic regimes within the data set. While 2- and 4-substituted aryl boronic acids favored the (R)-enantiomer with most of the studied catalysts, meta-alkoxy substituted aryl boronic acids resulted in the (S)-enantiomer when used in combination with certain (R)-phosphoric acids. We propose that this selectivity reversal is the result of a lone pair-π interaction between the substrate ligated boronic acid and the phosphate. On the basis of this proposal, a catalyst system was identified, capable of producing either enantiomer in high enantioselectivity (77% (R)-2 to 92% (S)-2) using the same chiral catalyst by subtly changing the structure of the achiral boronic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Neel
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Anat Milo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Matthew S. Sigman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - F. Dean Toste
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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13
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Shin I, Krische MJ. Formal Synthesis of Premisakinolide A and C(19)-C(32) of Swinholide A via Site-Selective C-H Allylation and Crotylation of Unprotected Diols. Org Lett 2016; 17:4686-9. [PMID: 26375150 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b02056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Using stereo- and site-selective C-H allylation and crotylation of unprotected diols, an intermediate in the synthesis of premisakinolide A (bistheonellic acid B) that was previously made in 16-27 (LLS) steps is now prepared in only nine steps. This fragment also represents a synthesis of C(19)-C(32) of the actin-binding macrodiolide swinholide A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inji Shin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Michael J Krische
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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14
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Xu Z, Xu LW. Development of Ar-BINMOL-Derived Atropisomeric Ligands with Matched Axial and sp3Central Chirality for Catalytic Asymmetric Transformations. CHEM REC 2015; 15:925-48. [PMID: 26400411 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201500208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of the Ministry of Education; Hangzhou Normal University; No. 1378, Wenyi West Road Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Li-Wen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of the Ministry of Education; Hangzhou Normal University; No. 1378, Wenyi West Road Hangzhou P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation; Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); No. 18, Tianshui Road Lanzhou P. R. China
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15
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Kasun ZA, Gao X, Lipinski RM, Krische MJ. Direct Generation of Triketide Stereopolyads via Merged Redox-Construction Events: Total Synthesis of (+)-Zincophorin Methyl Ester. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:8900-3. [PMID: 26167950 PMCID: PMC4527649 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b05296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
(+)-Zincophorin methyl ester is prepared in 13 steps (longest linear sequence). A bidirectional redox-triggered double anti-crotylation of 2-methyl-1,3-propane diol directly assembles the triketide stereopolyad spanning C4-C12, significantly enhancing step economy and enabling construction of (+)-zincophorin methyl ester in nearly half the steps previously required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A. Kasun
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Xin Gao
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | | | - Michael J. Krische
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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16
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Prause F, Arensmeyer B, Fröhlich B, Breuning M. In-depth structure–selectivity investigations on asymmetric, copper-catalyzed oxidative biaryl coupling in the presence of 5-cis-substituted prolinamines. Catal Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cy01676a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Copper complexes of 5-cis-substituted prolinamines provided up to 87% ee in the enantioselective oxidative biaryl coupling of 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Prause
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory
- University of Bayreuth
- 95447 Bayreuth
- Germany
| | | | - Benjamin Fröhlich
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Würzburg
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
| | - Matthias Breuning
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory
- University of Bayreuth
- 95447 Bayreuth
- Germany
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17
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Rodrigo JM, Zhao Y, Hoveyda AH, Snapper ML. Regiodivergent reactions through catalytic enantioselective silylation of chiral diols. Synthesis of sapinofuranone A. Org Lett 2011; 13:3778-81. [PMID: 21711005 DOI: 10.1021/ol2010819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Through the use of an amino acid based imidazole catalyst, a regiodivergent silylation of chiral diols in cases where there is not a significant steric and electronic difference between the regioisotopic hydroxyl groups has been developed. This transformation allows for the conversion of racemic diols into regioisomeric, enantiomerically enriched, monosilylated products. The utility of this process is highlighted in the efficient enantioselective preparation of a useful synthetic intermediate and the natural product, sapinofuranone A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Rodrigo
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA
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18
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Heitbaum M, Fröhlich R, Glorius F. Diastereoselective Hydrogenation of Substituted Quinolines to Enantiomerically Pure Decahydroquinolines. Adv Synth Catal 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200900763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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19
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Clayden J, Fletcher SP, Rowbottom SJM, Helliwell M. Conformational Preferences of a Polar Biaryl: A Phase- and Enantiomeric Purity-Dependent Molecular Hinge. Org Lett 2009; 11:2313-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ol9006635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Clayden
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Stephen P. Fletcher
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - S. J. M. Rowbottom
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Madeleine Helliwell
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
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20
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Satyanarayana T, Abraham S, Kagan HB. Nonlinear effects in asymmetric catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:456-94. [PMID: 19115268 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200705241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 408] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
There is a need for the preparation of enantiomerically pure compounds for various applications. An efficient approach to achieve this goal is asymmetric catalysis. The chiral catalyst is usually prepared from a chiral auxiliary, which itself is derived from a natural product or by resolution of a racemic precursor. The use of non-enantiopure chiral auxiliaries in asymmetric catalysis seems unattractive to preparative chemists, since the anticipated enantiomeric excess (ee) of the reaction product should be proportional to the ee value of the chiral auxiliary (linearity). In fact, some deviation from linearity may arise. Such nonlinear effects can be rich in mechanistic information and can be synthetically useful (asymmetric amplification). This Review documents the advances made during the last decade in the use of nonlinear effects in the area of organometallic and organic catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tummanapalli Satyanarayana
- Laboratoire de Catalyse Moléculaire, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (CNRS, UMR 8182) Université Paris-Sud, 91405, Orsay, France
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21
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Satyanarayana T, Abraham S, Kagan H. Nichtlineare Effekte in der asymmetrischen Katalyse. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200705241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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22
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Xu S, Wang Z, Zhang X, Zhang X, Ding K. Chiral Brønsted Acid Catalyzed Asymmetric Baeyer–Villiger Reaction of 3-Substituted Cyclobutanones by Using Aqueous H2O2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200705932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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23
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Xu S, Wang Z, Zhang X, Zhang X, Ding K. Chiral Brønsted Acid Catalyzed Asymmetric Baeyer–Villiger Reaction of 3-Substituted Cyclobutanones by Using Aqueous H2O2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:2840-3. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200705932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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24
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Asymmetric Autocatalysis with Organozinc Complexes; Elucidation of the Reaction Pathway. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2007_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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Burguete MI, Collado M, Escorihuela J, Luis SV. Efficient Chirality Switching in the Addition of Diethylzinc to Aldehydes in the Presence of Simple Chiral α-Amino Amides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:9002-5. [PMID: 17893900 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200702259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Isabel Burguete
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry. UAMOA, University Jaume I/CSIC, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n. 12071 Castellón, Spain.
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Burguete M, Collado M, Escorihuela J, Luis S. Efficient Chirality Switching in the Addition of Diethylzinc to Aldehydes in the Presence of Simple Chiral α-Amino Amides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200702259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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27
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Satyanarayana T, Kagan HB. Amplification of the enantiomeric excess of a compound in kinetic resolution by a racemic reagent. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.03.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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28
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Estevan F, Lloret J, Sanaú M, Úbeda MA. Enantio- and Diastereocontrol in Intermolecular Cyclopropanation Reaction of Styrene Catalyzed by Dirhodium(II) Complexes with Bulky ortho-Metalated Aryl Phosphines: Catalysis in Water as Solvent. Study of a (+)-Nonlinear Effect. Organometallics 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/om060484t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Estevan
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universitat de Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julio Lloret
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universitat de Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mercedes Sanaú
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universitat de Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Angeles Úbeda
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universitat de Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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Enantioselective Synthesis ofO-Methoxycarbonyl Cyanohydrins: Chiral Building Blocks Generated by Bifunctional Catalysis with BINOLAM-AlCl. European J Org Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200500939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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30
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Lauterwasser F, Vanderheiden S, Bräse S. Planar- and Central-ChiralN,O-[2.2]Paracyclophane Ligands: Non-Linear-Like Effects and Activity. Adv Synth Catal 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200505274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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31
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Du H, Zhang X, Wang Z, Ding K. One catalyst for two distinct reactions: sequential asymmetric hetero Diels–Alder reaction and diethylzinc addition. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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32
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Baeza A, Nájera C, Sansano JM, Saá JM. Binolam-AlCl: A Two-Centre Catalyst for the Synthesis of Enantioenriched CyanohydrinO-Phosphates. Chemistry 2005; 11:3849-62. [PMID: 15776489 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200401290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The enantioselective synthesis of cyanohydrin O-phosphates by using in situ generated bifunctional catalysts (R)- or (S)-3,3'-bis(diethylaminomethyl)-1,1'-binaphthol-aluminium chloride (binolam-AlCl) is reported. The reaction, which can be described as an overall cyano-O-phosphorylation of aldehydes, has a wide scope and applicability. Evidence is also provided, including ab initio and DFT calculations, in support of supported by the Lewis acid/Brønsted base (LABB) dual role of the catalyst in inducing first the key enantioselective hydrocyanation, which is then followed by O-phosphorylation. A brief screening of the synthetic usefulness of the resulting cyanohydrin O-phosphates unveiles some interesting applications. Among them, chemoselective hydrolysis, reduction and palladium-catalysed nucleophilic allyl substitution, thereby leading to enantiomerically enriched alpha-O-phosphorylated alpha-hydroxy esters, beta-amino alcohols and gamma-cyanoallyl alcohols, respectively. Naturally occurring (-)-tembamide and (-)-aegeline are synthesised accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Baeza
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias and Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO), Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
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Casas J, Nájera C, Sansano JM, Saá JM. Enantioselective addition of trimethylsilyl cyanide to aldehydes catalysed by bifunctional BINOLAM-AlCl versus monofunctional BINOL-AlCl complexes. Tetrahedron 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2004.06.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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34
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Cyclopenta[b]thiophene-alkyloxazolines: new nitrogen–sulfur hybrid ligands and their use in asymmetric palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2004.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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35
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Hu Y, Liang X, Zheng Z, Hu X. Nonlinear effects in the enantioselective 1,4-conjugate addition of diethylzinc to chalcone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2003.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Katagiri T, Duan M, Mukae M, Uneyama K. A crystal engineering utilization of hexafurcated hydrogen bonding to construction of subnano fluorinated tunnels. J Fluor Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1139(02)00326-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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37
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Wipf P, Jayasuriya N, Ribe S. On the role of chiral catalysts in the alkenyl zirconocene/zinc addition to aldehydes: a study of ligand loading and asymmetric amplification. Chirality 2003; 15:208-12. [PMID: 12582985 DOI: 10.1002/chir.10176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Unusual nonlinear asymmetric amplification and chiral ligand loading effects were discovered for the use of catalytic quantities of chiral aminoalcohols in the in situ hydrozirconation-transmetalation-aldehyde addition processes. While the stereochemically most efficient aminothiol ligands demonstrated mechanistically conventional reaction parameters in excellent agreement with Kagan's ML(2) system, the asymmetric induction in the presence of a chiral aminoalcohol was found to vary greatly with loading and %ee of the ligand. Aminothiols remain the ligands of choice for the highly enantioselective formation of allylic alcohols and provide experimentally more predictable reaction variables. However, new, optimized conditions lead to a synthetically useful product %ee using the readily available and scalable aminoalcohol 2a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Wipf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA.
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38
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Bluet G, Campagne JM. Catalytic Asymmetric Vinylogous Mukaiyama-aldol (CAVM) reactions: the enolate activation. J Org Chem 2001; 66:4293-8. [PMID: 11397166 DOI: 10.1021/jo015567s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Catalytic Asymmetric Vinylogous Mukaiyama (CAVM) reactions of various aldehydes with dienolate 1 using different enolate activations (CuF*(S)-TolBinap, t-BuOCu*(S)-Tol-Binap, and various chiral nonracemic ammonium fluorides derived from cinchona alkaloids) are described. These reactions proved to be highly regioselective leading exclusively to the alpha-aldol products in good yields and poor to good enantioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bluet
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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39
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Long J, Ding K. Engineering Catalysts for Enantioselective Addition of Diethylzinc to Aldehydes with Racemic Amino Alcohols: Nonlinear Effects in Asymmetric Deactivation of Racemic Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20010202)113:3<562::aid-ange562>3.0.co;2-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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40
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Long J, Ding K. Engineering Catalysts for Enantioselective Addition of Diethylzinc to Aldehydes with Racemic Amino Alcohols: Nonlinear Effects in Asymmetric Deactivation of Racemic Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001; 40:544-547. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20010202)40:3<544::aid-anie544>3.0.co;2-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2000] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Abstract
For more than a century, organic chemists have been playing in Nature's laboratory. Their first goal was to understand the organization of atoms in the living matter and then to reproduce it by synthesis. This quest gave rise to several efficient techniques to synthesise molecules; many of them still in use nowadays, as such or with little modifications. Even at the beginning of this journey, the chemists discovered that their methods were far from being as efficient as the ones used by Nature to produce substances. The natural molecules were chiral and there was even an enantiomer that was produced over the other;a lesson of perfection. This was another challenge for the chemists and they succeeded by first developing techniques to separate enantiomers and more recently reagents and reactions to produce only the desired stereoisomer. Asymmetric synthesis uses chiral auxiliaries, reagents or catalysts to create chirality into the desired compound. The common perception, as a minimum condition, was that the chiral substance used to perform such a transformation has to be of the highest enantiomeric purity to obtain a very high selectivity. The relation between the enantiomeric excesses of the chiral substance and the product was suggested to be linear. But there were a lot of surprises left in the laboratory. Who would have thought that an impure substance could give an enantiomeric excess in the product higher than its own purity? The molecules are acting in different ways in solution. Self-organization and aggregation can arise depending on the structure of the substance or its environment. Such phenomenon can generate deviations to the awaited behaviour of the molecules that can be observed in many cases. This article tries to present some examples of the historical reports of such peculiar behaviours, their influence on physico-chemical properties and the final discovery of the now well-known nonlinear effects in asymmetric synthesis.Key words: asymmetric synthesis, diastereomeric interactions, nonlinear effects.
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