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Li JJ, Guan ZJ, Yuan SF, Hu F, Wang QM. Enriching Structural Diversity of Alkynyl-Protected Gold Nanoclusters with Chlorides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:6699-6703. [PMID: 33336534 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and isolation of alkynyl/chloride-protected gold nanoclusters is described. Silica gel column chromatography is effective in isolating gold nanoclusters from the as-synthesized cluster mixture to give the clusters Na[Au25 L18 ] (Au25 ), [HNEt3 ]3 [Au67 L32 Cl4 ] (Au67 ), [HNEt3 ]4 [Au106 L40 Cl12 ] (Au106 ), L=3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)-phenylacetylide. Au67 and Au106 are new clusters; the structures were determined by X-ray single-crystal diffraction. Au67 contains a distorted Au18 Marks decahedron shelled by an irregular Au32 and further protected with two V-shaped Au2 L3 , 13 linear AuL2 staples and 4 chlorides. Au67 is the first structurally determined 34e superatomic gold nanocluster. Au106 is composed of 106 Au atoms co-protected by alkynyls and chlorides. It has a Au79 kernel, like in Au102 (p-MBA)44 . The surface structure of Au106 includes 20 linear Au-alkynyl staples, 5 Cl-Au-Cl and 2 Cl-Au motifs. These three gold nanoclusters show size-dependent electrochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao-Jiao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zong-Jie Guan
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Shang-Fu Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Feng Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Quan-Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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Li J, Guan Z, Yuan S, Hu F, Wang Q. Enriching Structural Diversity of Alkynyl‐Protected Gold Nanoclusters with Chlorides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao‐Jiao Li
- Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Zong‐Jie Guan
- Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Shang‐Fu Yuan
- Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Feng Hu
- Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Quan‐Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
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Arras J, Kruczyński T, Bresien J, Schulz A, Schnöckel H. Magnesium(I) Halide versus Magnesium Metal: Differences in Reaction Energy and Reactivity Monitored in Reduction Processes of P−Cl Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201811053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janet Arras
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT); Engesserstrasse 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Tomasz Kruczyński
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT); Engesserstrasse 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Jonas Bresien
- Institut für Chemie; Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Axel Schulz
- Institut für Chemie; Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Hansgeorg Schnöckel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT); Engesserstrasse 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
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Arras J, Kruczyński T, Bresien J, Schulz A, Schnöckel H. Magnesium(I) Halide versus Magnesium Metal: Differences in Reaction Energy and Reactivity Monitored in Reduction Processes of P−Cl Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 58:716-721. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201811053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janet Arras
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT); Engesserstrasse 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Tomasz Kruczyński
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT); Engesserstrasse 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Jonas Bresien
- Institut für Chemie; Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Axel Schulz
- Institut für Chemie; Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Hansgeorg Schnöckel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT); Engesserstrasse 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
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5
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Metalloid Clusters. STRUCTURE AND BONDING 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/430_2015_5004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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6
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Coles MP. The role of the bis-trimethylsilylamido ligand, [N{SiMe3}2]−, in main group chemistry. Part 2: Structural chemistry of the metallic p-block elements. Coord Chem Rev 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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7
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Yang LM, Ganz E, Chen Z, Wang ZX, Schleyer PVR. Vier Jahrzehnte Chemie der planar hyperkoordinierten Verbindungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201410407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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8
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Yang LM, Ganz E, Chen Z, Wang ZX, Schleyer PVR. Four Decades of the Chemistry of Planar Hypercoordinate Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:9468-501. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201410407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kampová H, Riemlová E, Klikarová J, Pejchal V, Merna J, Vlasák P, Švec P, Růžičková Z, Růžička A. Aluminium complexes containing N,N′-chelating amino-amide hybrid ligands applicable for preparation of biodegradable polymers. J Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Dettenrieder N, Schädle C, Maichle-Mössmer C, Sirsch P, Anwander R. A Dimethylgallium Boryl Complex and Its Methyllithium Addition Compound. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:886-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja4117318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Dettenrieder
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Auf
der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Schädle
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Auf
der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Peter Sirsch
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Auf
der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Auf
der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Schnöckel H. Structures and Properties of Metalloid Al and Ga Clusters Open Our Eyes to the Diversity and Complexity of Fundamental Chemical and Physical Processes during Formation and Dissolution of Metals. Chem Rev 2010; 110:4125-63. [PMID: 20540559 DOI: 10.1021/cr900375g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hansgeorg Schnöckel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Engesserstrasse 15, Bldg. 30.45, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Koenig S, Fenske D, Weigend F. Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Bond Situation of [Co7Se7Cp3(CO)4] (Cp = Cyclopentadienyl). Z Anorg Allg Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200900134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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14
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King RB, Silaghi-Dumitrescu I, Uţă MM. Beyond the Icosahedron: A Density Functional Theory Study of 14-Atom Germanium Clusters. Eur J Inorg Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200800376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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15
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Schnöckel H. Formation, structure and bonding of metalloid Al and Ga clusters. A challenge for chemical efforts in nanosciences. Dalton Trans 2008:4344-62. [DOI: 10.1039/b718784j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Goicoechea JM, Hull MW, Sevov SC. Heteroatomic Deltahedral Clusters: Synthesis and Structures of closo-[Bi3Ni4(CO)6]3-, closo-[Bi4Ni4(CO)6]2-, the Open Cluster [Bi3Ni6(CO)9]3-, and the Intermetalloid closo-[Nix@{Bi6Ni6(CO)8}]4-. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:7885-93. [PMID: 17550250 DOI: 10.1021/ja071044b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of ethylenediamine solutions of K4Bi5 with Ni(PPh3)2(CO)2 yielded four novel hetero-atomic Bi/Ni deltahedral clusters. Three of them, the 7-atom pentagonal bipyramidal [Bi3Ni4(CO)6]3-, the 8-atom dodecahedral [Bi4Ni4(CO)6]2-, and the Ni-centered or empty 12-atom icosahedral [Nix@[Bi6Ni6(CO)8]4-, are closo-species according to both electron count and shape. The centered icosahedral cluster resembles packing in intermetallic compounds and belongs to the emerging class of intermetalloid clusters. The shape of the fourth cluster, [Bi3Ni6(CO)9]3-, can be derived from the icosahedral Ni-centered [Ni@[Bi6Ni6(CO)8]4- by removal of three Bi- and one Ni-atoms of two neighboring triangular faces. The clusters were structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction in compounds with potassium cations sequestered by 2,2,2-crypt or 18-crown-6 ether. They were also characterized in solution by electrospray mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Goicoechea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
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Hartig J, Schnepf A, de Jongh LJ, Bono D, Schnöckel H. Modellbetrachtungen zum Verständnis unerwarteter Eigenschaften der metalloiden Clusterverbindung [Ga84(N(SiMe3)2)20][Li6Br2(THF)20]·2Toluol. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200600240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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18
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Han YK, Jung J. Structure and stability of the Al14 halides Al14In− (n=1–11): Can we regard the Al14 core as an alkaline earthlike superatom? J Chem Phys 2006; 125:084101. [PMID: 16964995 DOI: 10.1063/1.2236114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We have studied the structures and stabilities of Al(14)I(n) (-) (n=1-11) clusters at the density functional level of theory. The experimentally observed Al(14)I(n) (-) (n=3, 5, 7, 9, and 11) [Bergeron et al., Science 307, 231 (2005)] are found to be stable both kinetically and thermodynamically. Al(14)I(3) (-), not Al(14)I(-), is the first member of the Al(14)I(n) (-) series in the mass spectrometric experiment, which is ascribable to the low kinetic stability of the Al(14)I(-) cluster. The Al(14) core in Al(14)I(3) (-) is close to neutral Al(14), both electronically and structurally. Population analysis shows that charge transfer occurs from the Al cluster to the I atoms, where the populations for Al(14) vary from -0.70(Al(14)I(-)) to +0.96(Al(14)I(11) (-)). The Al(14)I(5) (-) and Al(14)I(7) (-) clusters have the structure of Al(14)I(3) (-) as a core framework, but, for n=9 and 11, we found many more stable isomers than the isomers having the Al(14)I(3) (-) core. In particular, the shape of Al(14) in the Al(14)I(11) (-) cluster is a hexagonal wheel-shaped form, which was observed in the x-ray experiment for the metalloid complex [Al(14){N(SiMe(3))(2)}(6)I(6)Li(OEt(2))(2)](-)[Li(OEt(2))(4)](+)toluene [Kohnlein et al., Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 39, 799 (2000)]. We have demonstrated that a simple jellium model cannot describe the structure and stability of the iodine-doped aluminum clusters, although it is successful for describing those of aluminum clusters. The electronic and geometric changes of the Al(14) (-) cluster due to the presence of iodines are very similar to the case of a magic cluster Al(13) (-). It can be concluded from our electronic and structural analysis that one cannot regard the Al(14) core as an alkaline earthlike superatom in the Al(14) iodide clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Kyu Han
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Advanced Materials R&D, LG Chem. Ltd., Research Park, Daejeon 305-380, Korea.
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Goicoechea JM, Sevov SC. [Zn9Bi11]5−: A Ligand-Free Intermetalloid Cluster. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 45:5147-50. [PMID: 16819751 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200601805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Goicoechea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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Vollet J, Burgert R, Schnöckel H. Al20X10 (X=Cl, Br): Momentaufnahmen bei der Bildung metalloider Cluster aus polyedrischen AlnXm-Molekülen? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200500671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Vollet J, Burgert R, Schnöckel H. Al20X10 (X=Cl, Br): Snapshots of the Formation of Metalloid Clusters from Polyhedral AlnXm Molecules? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005; 44:6956-60. [PMID: 16216043 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200500671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean Vollet
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Karlsruhe TH, Engesserstrasse, Geb. 30.45, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Klemp C, Bruns M, Gauss J, Häussermann U, Stösser G, van Wüllen L, Jansen M, Schnöckel H. Al(22)Cl(20).12L (L = THF, THP): the first polyhedral aluminum chlorides. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:9099-106. [PMID: 11552817 DOI: 10.1021/ja004022x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum subhalides of the type Al(22)X(20).12L (X = Cl, Br; L = THF, THP) are the only known representatives of polyhedral aluminum subhalides and exhibit interesting multicenter bonding properties. Herein, we report on the synthesis and structural investigation of the first chlorides of this type. Additional investigations applying solid-state (27)Al NMR (MAS), XPS (of Al(4)Cp(4) and Al(22)X(20).12L), and quantum chemical calculations shed more light upon the structure of the molecules and possible Al modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Klemp
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Karlsruhe (TH), Engesserstrasse Gebaude 30.45, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Donchev A, Schnepf A, Stösser G, Baum E, Schnöckel H, Blank T, Wiberg N. [Ga18(SitBu3)8] and [Ga22(SitBu3)8]--syntheses and structural characterization of novel gallium cluster compounds. Chemistry 2001; 7:3348-53. [PMID: 11531121 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3765(20010803)7:15<3348::aid-chem3348>3.0.co;2-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The novel neutral gallium cluster compounds [Ga18R*8] (1) and [Ga22R*8] (2) are obtained by warming up a metastable solution of gallium(I) bromide in THF/C6H5CH3 after addition of equimolar amounts of supersilyl sodium NaR* from -78 degrees C to room temperature (R* = SitBu3 = supersilyl). From X-ray structure analyses, the observed arrangements of the 18 and 22 Ga atoms in 1 and 2, respectively, are comparable with an 18 atom section of the beta-Ga modification, or show at least some kind of relationship to a 22 atom section of the Ga-III modification. This allows a description of both the clusters as metalloid. The topology of the atoms in 2 is also well explained by the Wade-Mingos rules as an eightfold capped closo-Ga14 cluster, whereby the Ga atoms of Ga14 occupy the center and the corners of a cuboctahedron with one Ga3 face replaced by a Ga4 face. Some concepts are presented about the formation mechanism, the cluster growth, and the metalloid character of the two Ga cluster compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Donchev
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Karlsruhe, Germany
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Schnepf A, Schnöckel H. Synthese und Struktur eines Ga84R204−-Clusters - ein Bindeglied zwischen metalloiden Clustern und den Fullerenen? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20010216)113:4<733::aid-ange7330>3.0.co;2-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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28
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Schnepf A, Schnöckel H. Synthesis and Structure of a Ga84R204− Cluster-A Link between Metalloid Clusters and Fullerenes? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20010216)40:4<711::aid-anie7110>3.0.co;2-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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From AIX/GaX monohalide molecules to metalloid aluminum and gallium clusters. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3055(01)47013-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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