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Beaumont M, Tran R, Vera G, Niedrist D, Rousset A, Pierre R, Shastri VP, Forget A. Hydrogel-Forming Algae Polysaccharides: From Seaweed to Biomedical Applications. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:1027-1052. [PMID: 33577286 PMCID: PMC7944484 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing growth of the algae industry and the development of algae biorefinery, there is a growing need for high-value applications of algae-extracted biopolymers. The utilization of such biopolymers in the biomedical field can be considered as one of the most attractive applications but is challenging to implement. Historically, polysaccharides extracted from seaweed have been used for a long time in biomedical research, for example, agarose gels for electrophoresis and bacterial culture. To overcome the current challenges in polysaccharides and help further the development of high-added-value applications, an overview of the entire polysaccharide journey from seaweed to biomedical applications is needed. This encompasses algae culture, extraction, chemistry, characterization, processing, and an understanding of the interactions of soft matter with living organisms. In this review, we present algae polysaccharides that intrinsically form hydrogels: alginate, carrageenan, ulvan, starch, agarose, porphyran, and (nano)cellulose and classify these by their gelation mechanisms. The focus of this review further lays on the culture and extraction strategies to obtain pure polysaccharides, their structure-properties relationships, the current advances in chemical backbone modifications, and how these modifications can be used to tune the polysaccharide properties. The available techniques to characterize each organization scale of a polysaccharide hydrogel are presented, and the impact on their interactions with biological systems is discussed. Finally, a perspective of the anticipated development of the whole field and how the further utilization of hydrogel-forming polysaccharides extracted from algae can revolutionize the current algae industry are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Beaumont
- Queensland
University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Remy Tran
- Institute
for Macromolecular Chemistry, University
of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Grace Vera
- Institute
for Macromolecular Chemistry, University
of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dennis Niedrist
- Institute
for Macromolecular Chemistry, University
of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Aurelie Rousset
- Centre
d’Étude et de Valorisation des Algues, Pleubian, France
| | - Ronan Pierre
- Centre
d’Étude et de Valorisation des Algues, Pleubian, France
| | - V. Prasad Shastri
- Institute
for Macromolecular Chemistry, University
of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Centre
for Biological Signalling Studies, University
of Freiburg, Frieburg, Germany
| | - Aurelien Forget
- Institute
for Macromolecular Chemistry, University
of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Yasin MZ, Rashid MH. Purification and extreme thermostabilization of glucoamylase by zinc produce of novel fungus Gymnoascella citrina. Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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3
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Lee DY, Lee SH, Cho MS, Nam JD, Lee Y. Facile fabrication of highly flexible poly(lactic acid) film using alternate multilayers of poly[(butylene adipate)-co-terephthalate]. POLYM INT 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deuk-Young Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering; Sungkyunkwan University; 440-746 Suwon Korea
- Advanced Technology R&D Center, SKC Co. Ltd; 440-301 Suwon Korea
| | - Sang Ha Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering; Sungkyunkwan University; 440-746 Suwon Korea
| | - Mi Suk Cho
- School of Chemical Engineering; Sungkyunkwan University; 440-746 Suwon Korea
| | - Jae Do Nam
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Sungkyunkwan University; 440-746 Suwon Korea
| | - Youngkwan Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering; Sungkyunkwan University; 440-746 Suwon Korea
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Sívoli L, Pérez E, Caraballo D, Rodríguez JP, Rodríguez D, Moret J, Sojo F, Arvelo F, Tapia M, Colina M, Alvarez-Barreto JF. Cytocompatibility of a matrix of methylated cassava starch and chitosan. J CELL PLAST 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/0021955x13503843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Starches can be used to form edible or biodegradable films, and recently modified starches have been used to form self-supporting films by casting from aqueous solution. In this work, we aimed to propose a novel starch-based composite biomaterial matrix for use in biomedical applications, especially tissue engineering. The goal of the study was to evaluate the cytocompatibility of composite hydrogels of methylated starch and chitosan, using glutaraldehyde as the cross-linker. Commercial cassava starch with high purity (96.69%) was methylated with dimethyl sulfate in order to obtain a rigid material that could possibly render stronger mechanical properties to chitosan hydrogels. Therefore, methylated starch was mixed with a solution of chitosan and the cross-linking was induced by the addition of glutaraldehyde, allowing the formation of hydrogel films which were visualized under scanning electron microscopy. The method of fabrication was optimized based on the capacity of the cells to attach to the material and proliferate. After thorough washes with ethanol and saline solution, human fibroblasts were seeded on top of the gels and allowed to grow for 3 to 5 days. Cell viability was measured using an (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) MMT assay, and cell morphology was visualized by light microscopy. It was found that cells were viable at every time point, with their metabolic activity comparable to the controls (tissue culture plastic and chitosan alone), as well as clear cell–matrix interactions. Moreover, an increase in the metabolic activity over time indicated the capacity of the material to support cell proliferation. The proposed methylated starch–chitosan system is an excellent matrix that allows cell adhesion and could thereby be further assessed as a scaffold for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sívoli
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Maracay. Estado Aragua, Venezuela
| | - E Pérez
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos (ICTA), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - D Caraballo
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos (ICTA), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - JP Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Microscopia Electronica. Instituto de Estudios Cientificos y Tecnologicos (IDECYT). Universidad Nacional Experimental Simon Rodriguez, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - D Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Ingenieria de Tejidos Humanos, Instituto de Estudios Avanzados (IDEA), Sartaneja, Hoyo de la Puerta Caracas, Venezuela
| | - J Moret
- Laboratorio de Ingenieria de Tejidos Humanos, Instituto de Estudios Avanzados (IDEA), Sartaneja, Hoyo de la Puerta Caracas, Venezuela
| | - F Sojo
- Laboratorio de Ingenieria de Tejidos Humanos, Instituto de Estudios Avanzados (IDEA), Sartaneja, Hoyo de la Puerta Caracas, Venezuela
| | - F Arvelo
- Laboratorio de Ingenieria de Tejidos Humanos, Instituto de Estudios Avanzados (IDEA), Sartaneja, Hoyo de la Puerta Caracas, Venezuela
| | - M Tapia
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos (ICTA), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - M Colina
- Laboratorio de Química Ambiental, La Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - JF Alvarez-Barreto
- Laboratorio de Ingenieria de Tejidos Humanos, Instituto de Estudios Avanzados (IDEA), Sartaneja, Hoyo de la Puerta Caracas, Venezuela
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Hou C, Chen Y, Li W. Thiocarbamide and microwave-accelerated green methylation of cassava starch with dimethyl carbonate. Carbohydr Res 2012; 355:87-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2012] [Revised: 04/22/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Hou C, Chen Y, Chen W, Li W. Microwave-assisted methylation of cassava starch with dimethyl carbonate. Carbohydr Res 2011; 346:1178-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Revised: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 04/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Lago CC, Bernstein A, Brandelli A, Noreña CZ. Characterization of Powdered Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) Juice and Pulp. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-011-0617-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Santos LS, Bonomo RC, Fontan RC, Santos WO, Silva AA. Gelatinization temperature and acid resistance of jackfruit seed starch Temperatura de gelatinización y resistencia ácida de almidón de semilla de jaca. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/11358120902850461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Steeneken PA, Woortman AJ. Surface effects in the acetylation of granular potato starch. Carbohydr Res 2008; 343:2278-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2008.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2008] [Revised: 04/28/2008] [Accepted: 04/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Chen Z, Schols HA, Voragen AG. Differently sized granules from acetylated potato and sweet potato starches differ in the acetyl substitution pattern of their amylose populations. Carbohydr Polym 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2004.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Han TL, Kumar R, Rozman H, Noor MM. GMA grafted sago starch as a reactive component in ultra violet radiation curable coatings. Carbohydr Polym 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2003.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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