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Mohanan S, Guan X, Liang M, Karakoti A, Vinu A. Stimuli-Responsive Silica Silanol Conjugates: Strategic Nanoarchitectonics in Targeted Drug Delivery. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2301113. [PMID: 36967548 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The design of novel drug delivery systems is exceptionally critical in disease treatments. Among the existing drug delivery systems, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have shown profuse promise owing to their structural stability, tunable morphologies/sizes, and ability to load different payload chemistry. Significantly, the presence of surface silanol groups enables functionalization with relevant drugs, imaging, and targeting agents, promoting their utility and popularity among researchers. Stimuli-responsive silanol conjugates have been developed as a novel, more effective way to conjugate, deliver, and release therapeutic drugs on demand and precisely to the selected location. Therefore, it is urgent to summarize the current understanding and the surface silanols' role in making MSN a versatile drug delivery platform. This review provides an analytical understanding of the surface silanols, chemistry, identification methods, and their property-performance correlation. The chemistry involved in converting surface silanols to a stimuli-responsive silica delivery system by endogenous/exogenous stimuli, including pH, redox potential, temperature, and hypoxia, is discussed in depth. Different chemistries for converting surface silanols to stimuli-responsive bonds are discussed in the context of drug delivery. The critical discussion is culminated by outlining the challenges in identifying silanols' role and overcoming the limitations in synthesizing stimuli-responsive mesoporous silica-based drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Mohanan
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, The School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, Australia
| | - Xinwei Guan
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, The School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, Australia
| | - Mingtao Liang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, Australia
| | - Ajay Karakoti
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, The School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, Australia
| | - Ajayan Vinu
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, The School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, Australia
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Saoud HAA, Sprynskyy M, Pashaei R, Kawalec M, Pomastowski P, Buszewski B. Diatom biosilica: Source, Physical-chemical characterization, modification, and application. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:3362-3376. [PMID: 35652201 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Growing research interest in the use of diatomaceous biosilica results from its unique properties, such as chemical inertness, biocompatibility, high mechanical and thermal stability, low thermal conductivity, homogeneous porous structure with a large specific surface. Unlike the production of synthetic silica materials with a micro- or nano-scale structure in an expensive conventional manufacturing process, diatomaceous biosilica can be produced in huge quantities without significant expenditure of energy and materials. This fact makes it an unlimited, easily accessible, natural, inexpensive, and renewable material. Moreover, the production of bio-silica is extremely environmentally friendly, as there is essentially no toxic waste, and the process does not require more energy compared to the production of synthetic silica-based materials. For all these reasons, diatoms are an intriguing alternative to synthetic materials in developing cheap biomaterials used in a different branch of industry. In review has been reported the state-of-art of biosilica materials, their characteristics approaches, and possible way of application. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussam A Al Saoud
- Bialystok University of Technology, Faculty of mechanical engineering, Department of Materials Engineering and Production, Wiejska 45C, Bialystok, 15-351, Poland.,Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 7, Torun, 87-100, Poland
| | - Myroslav Sprynskyy
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 7, Torun, 87-100, Poland
| | - Reza Pashaei
- Marine Research Institute of Klaipeda University, H. Manto 84, Klaipeda, LT-9229, Lithuania
| | - Michał Kawalec
- Bialystok University of Technology, Faculty of mechanical engineering, Department of Materials Engineering and Production, Wiejska 45C, Bialystok, 15-351, Poland
| | - Paweł Pomastowski
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wileńska 4, Toruń, 87-100, Poland
| | - Boguslaw Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 7, Torun, 87-100, Poland.,Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wileńska 4, Toruń, 87-100, Poland
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3
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The adsorption of methanol on reversed phase stationary phases in supercritical fluid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1653:462386. [PMID: 34274884 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The surface excess isotherms of methanol from carbon dioxide on reversed phase stationary phases under two different operational conditions - which can be considered subcritical and supercritical conditions depending on the molar fraction of CO2 in methanol - were determined using the minor disturbance peak method. The shapes of the surface excess isotherms were very similar in subcritical and supercritical conditions for the same column. To verify the influence of the sample solvent on the separation efficiency, two solvents methanol and heptane were used as sample solvents for alkylbenzene samples for the separation on the studied columns with pure carbon dioxide mobile phase. The separation efficiency was determined by calculating the number of theoretical plates. On the embedded amide stationary phase with methanol as a sample solvent the efficiency has increased due to the displacement effect of methanol on the solutes which are retained less than methanol. Then the efficiency for the rest of solutes, which coincide with the elution of the methanol peak tail has decreased as a result of the tag-along effect. The surface adsorbent heterogeneity has been discussed; the bonded ligands on the stationary phase surface demonstrated adsorption a big amount of CO2, while methanol could adsorb with small amount on the residual silanols on the surface of stationary phase and the embedded (amide) polar group in the bonded phase.
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Abstract
A novel stationary phase for affinity separations is presented. This material is based on sintered borosilicate glass readily available as semi-finished filter plates with defined porosity and surface area. The material shows fast binding kinetics and excellent long-term stability under real application conditions due to lacking macropores and high mechanical rigidity. The glass surface can be easily modified with standard organosilane chemistry to immobilize selective binders or other molecules used for biointeraction. In this paper, the manufacturing of the columns and their respective column holders by 3D printing is shown in detail. The model system protein A/IgG was chosen as an example to examine the properties of such monolithic columns under realistic application conditions. Several specifications, such as (dynamic) IgG capacity, pressure stability, long-term performance, productivity, non-specific binding, and peak shape, are presented. It could be shown that due to the very high separation speed, 250 mg antibody per hour and column can be collected, which surpasses the productivity of most standard columns of the same size. The total IgG capacity of the shown columns is around 4 mg (5.5 mg/mL), which is sufficient for most tasks in research laboratories. The cycle time of an IgG separation can be less than 1 min. Due to the glass material’s excellent pressure resistance, these columns are compatible with standard HPLC systems. This is usually not the case with standard affinity columns, limited to manual use or application in low-pressure systems. The use of a standard HPLC system also improves the ability for automation, which enables the purification of hundreds of cell supernatants in one day. The sharp peak shape of the elution leads to an enrichment effect, which might increase the concentration of IgG by a factor of 3. The final concentration of IgG can be around 7.5 mg/mL without the need for an additional nanofiltration step. The purity of the IgG was > 95% in one step and nearly 99% with a second polishing run.
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Skoczylas M, Bocian S, Buszewski B. Quantitative structure – retention relationships of amino acids on the amino acid- and peptide-silica stationary phases for liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1609:460514. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Žuvela P, Skoczylas M, Jay Liu J, Ba Czek T, Kaliszan R, Wong MW, Buszewski B, Héberger K. Column Characterization and Selection Systems in Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. Chem Rev 2019; 119:3674-3729. [PMID: 30604951 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) is the most popular chromatographic mode, accounting for more than 90% of all separations. HPLC itself owes its immense popularity to it being relatively simple and inexpensive, with the equipment being reliable and easy to operate. Due to extensive automation, it can be run virtually unattended with multiple samples at various separation conditions, even by relatively low-skilled personnel. Currently, there are >600 RP-HPLC columns available to end users for purchase, some of which exhibit very large differences in selectivity and production quality. Often, two similar RP-HPLC columns are not equally suitable for the requisite separation, and to date, there is no universal RP-HPLC column covering a variety of analytes. This forces analytical laboratories to keep a multitude of diverse columns. Therefore, column selection is a crucial segment of RP-HPLC method development, especially since sample complexity is constantly increasing. Rationally choosing an appropriate column is complicated. In addition to the differences in the primary intermolecular interactions with analytes of the dispersive (London) type, individual columns can also exhibit a unique character owing to specific polar, hydrogen bond, and electron pair donor-acceptor interactions. They can also vary depending on the type of packing, amount and type of residual silanols, "end-capping", bonding density of ligands, and pore size, among others. Consequently, the chromatographic performance of RP-HPLC systems is often considerably altered depending on the selected column. Although a wide spectrum of knowledge is available on this important subject, there is still a lack of a comprehensive review for an objective comparison and/or selection of chromatographic columns. We aim for this review to be a comprehensive, authoritative, critical, and easily readable monograph of the most relevant publications regarding column selection and characterization in RP-HPLC covering the past four decades. Future perspectives, which involve the integration of state-of-the-art molecular simulations (molecular dynamics or Monte Carlo) with minimal experiments, aimed at nearly "experiment-free" column selection methodology, are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar Žuvela
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117543 , Singapore
| | - Magdalena Skoczylas
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Center for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies , Nicolaus Copernicus University , Wileńska 4 , 87-100 Toruń , Poland
| | - J Jay Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Pukyong National University , 365 Sinseon-ro , Nam-gu, 48-513 Busan , Korea
| | | | | | - Ming Wah Wong
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117543 , Singapore
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Center for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies , Nicolaus Copernicus University , Wileńska 4 , 87-100 Toruń , Poland
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Trujillo-Rodríguez MJ, Anderson JL. In situ formation of hydrophobic magnetic ionic liquids for dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1588:8-16. [PMID: 30600165 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A new class of magnetic ionic liquid (MIL) containing paramagnetic cations has been applied for in situ dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction in the determination of both polar and non-polar pollutants, including ultraviolet filters, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, alkylphenols, a plasticizer and a preservative in aqueous samples. The MILs were based on cations containing Ni(II) metal centers coordinated with four N-alkylimidazole ligands and chloride anions. The MILs were capable of undergoing in situ metathesis reaction with the bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide ([NTf2-]) anion during the microextraction procedure, generating a water-immiscible extraction solvent containing the preconcentrated analytes. The MIL was then isolated by magnetic separation, followed by direct analysis using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection. Among all of the studied MILs, those containing the N-butylimidazole and N-benzylimidazole ligands ([Ni(C4IM)42+]2[Cl-] and [Ni(BeIM)42+]2[Cl-], respectively) exhibited the best extraction performance. The method under optimum conditions required 5 mL of sample at pH 3, 20 mg of [Ni(C4IM)42+]2[Cl-] or 30 mg of [Ni(BeIM)42+]2[Cl-], 300 μL of acetone or acetonitrile as dispersive solvent (depending on the MIL), a 1:2 M ratio of MIL to [NTf2-], and 3 min of vortex. The developed method achieved higher extraction efficiency compared to the conventional MIL-dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction mode, with extraction efficiencies of 46.8-88.6% and 65.4-97.0% for the [Ni(C4IM)42+]2[Cl-] and the [Ni(BeIM)42+]2[Cl-] MILs (at a spiked level of 81 μg L-1), respectively, limits of detection down to 5.2 μg L-1, and inter-day relative standard deviation lower than 16%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jared L Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011 USA.
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8
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Vieira AT, Assunção RMN, Faria AM. Stationary phase based on cellulose dodecanoate physically immobilized on silica particles for high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1572:72-81. [PMID: 30153982 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The chemical agent free preparation of a stationary phase using a natural macromolecule was the focus of this paper. Thermal immobilization of cellulose dodecanoate on silica particles was used for the preparation of a stationary phase without the use of chemical reagents. Cellulose modification was performed to produce a hydrophobic macromolecule with solubility in common organic solvents. The new stationary phase was characterized morphologically and physico-chemically, presenting as spherical particles immobilized with a thin cellulose dodecanoate layer. The degree of substitution of cellulose dodecanoate was 1.7, which resulted in a separation mechanism in reversed phase mode, but with lower hydrophobicity and higher steric selectivity, which are properties from cellulose. These characteristics resulted in a stationary phase with intrinsic selectivity that was able to separate mixtures of polar drugs, homologs of an anionic surfactant and omeprazole isomers, which are not well resolved in typical C18 phases. Considering that cellulose is a natural polymer and the preparation method of stationary phase involves only physical processes of silica modification, the final material presents as a stationary phase with specific retention properties coming from both dodecanoate and cellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa T Vieira
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais do Pontal, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 38304-402 Ituiutaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Rosana M N Assunção
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais do Pontal, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 38304-402 Ituiutaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Anizio M Faria
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais do Pontal, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 38304-402 Ituiutaba, MG, Brazil.
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9
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Buszewska-Forajta M, Markuszewski MJ, Kaliszan R. Free silanols and ionic liquids as their suppressors in liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1559:17-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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10
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Wang R, Yang H, Xue K, Zhao Y, Guo X. Facile Synthesis and Chiral Separation of Chiral Mesoporous Silica Microspheres. J Chromatogr Sci 2018; 55:736-741. [PMID: 28387788 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmx028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesoporous silica microspheres were synthesized by an acid-catalyzed sol-gel method using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as a precursor. The hydrochloric acid was used as a catalyzer to induce the hydrolysis of TEOS, while the cyclohexane acted as a stabilizer of the sol. The addition of polyethylene glycol can introduce the uniform mesoporous structure into the microspheres by phase separation. The as-prepared mesoporous silica microspheres possess a narrow particle size distribution, a mesopore size of 5.0 nm and a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller specific surface area as high as 230 m2·g-1. The resultant silica microspheres were used for packing chiral high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) columns, after activated by hydrochloric acid and modified by amylose-tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate), respectively. The flurbiprofen axetil as a typical chiral drug with two stereocenters can be successfully separated by the as-obtained chiral HPLC columns using different mobile phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Hui Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Kunpeng Xue
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321000, China
| | - Yuexing Zhao
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321000, China
| | - Xingzhong Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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11
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Abstract
In the present review we survey the main advances made in recent years on the understanding of chemical chirality at solid surfaces. Chirality is an important topic, made particularly relevant by the homochiral nature of the biochemistry of life on Earth, and many chiral chemical reactions involve solid surfaces. Here we start our discussion with a description of surface chirality and of the different ways that chirality can be bestowed on solid surfaces. We then expand on the studies carried out to date to understand the adsorption of chiral compounds at a molecular level. We summarize the work published on the adsorption of pure enantiomers, of enantiomeric mixtures, and of prochiral molecules on chiral and achiral model surfaces, especially on well-defined metal single crystals but also on other flat substrates such as highly ordered pyrolytic graphite. Several phenomena are identified, including surface reconstruction and chiral imprinting upon adsorption of chiral agents, and the enhancement or suppression of enantioselectivity seen in some cases upon adsorption of enantiomixtures of chiral compounds. The possibility of enhancing the enantiopurity of adsorbed layers upon the addition of chiral seeds and the so-called "sergeants and soldiers" phenomenon are presented. Examples are provided where the chiral behavior has been associated with either thermodynamic or kinetic driving forces. Two main approaches to the creation of enantioselective surface sites are discussed, namely, via the formation of supramolecular chiral ensembles made out of small chiral adsorbates, and by adsorption of more complex chiral molecules capable of providing suitable chiral environments for reactants by themselves, via the formation of individual adsorbate:modifier adducts on the surface. Finally, a discussion is offered on the additional effects generated by the presence of the liquid phase often required in practical applications such as enantioselective crystallization, chiral chromatography, and enantioselective catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Zaera
- Department of Chemistry and UCR Center for Catalysis, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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12
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Raks V, Al-Suod H, Buszewski B. Isolation, Separation, and Preconcentration of Biologically Active Compounds from Plant Matrices by Extraction Techniques. Chromatographia 2017; 81:189-202. [PMID: 29449742 PMCID: PMC5807477 DOI: 10.1007/s10337-017-3405-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Development of efficient methods for isolation and separation of biologically active compounds remains an important challenge for researchers. Designing systems such as organomineral composite materials that allow extraction of a wide range of biologically active compounds, acting as broad-utility solid-phase extraction agents, remains an important and necessary task. Selective sorbents can be easily used for highly selective and reliable extraction of specific components present in complex matrices. Herein, state-of-the-art approaches for selective isolation, preconcentration, and separation of biologically active compounds from a range of matrices are discussed. Primary focus is given to novel extraction methods for some biologically active compounds including cyclic polyols, flavonoids, and oligosaccharides from plants. In addition, application of silica-, carbon-, and polymer-based solid-phase extraction adsorbents and membrane extraction for selective separation of these compounds is discussed. Potential separation process interactions are recommended; their understanding is of utmost importance for the creation of optimal conditions to extract biologically active compounds including those with estrogenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Raks
- 1Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 4 Wileńska Str., 87-100 Toruń, Poland.,3Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street, 64/13, Kyiv, 01601 Ukraine
| | - Hossam Al-Suod
- 1Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 4 Wileńska Str., 87-100 Toruń, Poland.,2Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarina Str., 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- 1Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 4 Wileńska Str., 87-100 Toruń, Poland.,2Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarina Str., 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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13
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Bocian S, Skoczylas M, Buszewski B. Amino acids, peptides, and proteins as chemically bonded stationary phases - A review. J Sep Sci 2015; 39:83-92. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Bocian
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry & Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Torun Poland
| | - Magdalena Skoczylas
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry & Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Torun Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry & Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Torun Poland
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14
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Synthesis and characterization of phosphodiester stationary bonded phases for liquid chromatography. Talanta 2015; 143:35-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.04.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Nasreen S, Rafique U, Ehrman S, Ashraf MA. Hybrid mesoporous silicates: A distinct aspect to synthesis and application for decontamination of phenols. Saudi J Biol Sci 2015; 26:1161-1170. [PMID: 31516345 PMCID: PMC6733386 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2015.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Water pollution due to organic compounds is of great concern and efforts are being made to develop efficient adsorbents for remediation of toxic pollutants. The development of new functionalized materials with increased performance is growing to meet the regulatory standards in response to public concerns for environment. In this study, an attempt has been made to investigate the influence of synthesis parameters like the reaction temperature, the surfactant-to-silica ratio and reaction time on the structural and textural properties of novel ordered mesoporous silica hybrids. In order to understand the effect of different synthesis parameters, all the prepared materials were systematically characterized by various analytical, spectroscopic and imaging techniques such as XRD, BET, TG etc. It was deduced from these studies that the synthesis temperature influence greatly the structural order whereas both the P104/Na2SiO3 molar ratio and reaction time found to influence textural properties significantly. However, under optimized experimental condition, we could achieve the functionalized silica hybrids that offers successful incorporation of -Amino, -Glucidoxy, -Methacrylate, -Vinyl and -Phenyl moieties indicated by FTIR peaks at 793 cm−1, 2870 cm−1, 796 cm−1, 1630 cm−1 and 954 cm−1. XRD studies reveal orthorhombic and tetragonal symmetry for the hybrids and these materials were found to be thermally stable due to incorporation of organic moiety in silica matrix. Functionalized silica hybrids then applied as adsorbents demonstrated efficient and comparable removal of 4-aminophenol and p-nitrophenol in 20 min facilitated through organic moiety. Detailed modeling of the sorption using equilibrium and kinetic isotherms has been carried out to get an insight into the transport process. The adsorption isotherms of phenol derivatives are well-fitted with the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin Isotherms and the adsorption kinetics follows the pseudo second order model. The modeling confirms that the uptake is a chemisorption process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Nasreen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Uzaira Rafique
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
| | - Sheryl Ehrman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Muhammad Aqeel Ashraf
- Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Faculty of Science & Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
- Corresponding author at: Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Héron S, Charbonneau D, Albisson P, Estievenart G, Groni S, Tchapla A. A new methodology to determine the isoeluotropic conditions on ultra-performance flash purification stationary phases from analytical reversed liquid chromatography stationary phase. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1397:59-72. [PMID: 25895730 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, the determination of the experimental chromatographic conditions to be used in Reversed Phase Liquid Ultra-Performance Flash Purification is still challenging. This is due to four different items. In most cases, flash purification stationary phases are not available with geometry of column used in analytical chromatography. The flash purification columns are single-use only. From the point of view of selectivity and retention, few RPLC phases exist with properties of separation identical for analytical and flash purification supports. Characterization methods and databases used for comparing analytical RPLC columns do not include stationary phases for RP flash purification columns. The goal of this work is to develop a new method development strategy which permits the determination of the experimental chromatographic conditions on RP ultra-performance flash purification columns. It relies on the knowledge of any isocratic conditions obtained on any given initial reversed stationary phase. The final conditions to implement on the RP ultra-performance flash purification phase enable either to keep the retention range of a selected solute constant, or to set it around a previously chosen value. The rules of transfer in linear gradient mode are also described. The methodology was valid, whatever the initial RP stationary and mobile phases, for different chemical classes, whatever the bonding, particle diameter, porous or core shell particle, towards different RP alkyl and analogues stationary and mobile phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Héron
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Lip(Sys)(b), LETIAM(1), IUT d'Orsay, Plateau de Moulon, 91400 Orsay, France.
| | - Didier Charbonneau
- Interchim R&D, 211 bis avenue J.F. Kennedy, BP 1140, F03103 Montluçon Cedex, France
| | - Pauline Albisson
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Lip(Sys)(b), LETIAM(1), IUT d'Orsay, Plateau de Moulon, 91400 Orsay, France; Interchim R&D, 211 bis avenue J.F. Kennedy, BP 1140, F03103 Montluçon Cedex, France
| | - Guillaume Estievenart
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Lip(Sys)(b), LETIAM(1), IUT d'Orsay, Plateau de Moulon, 91400 Orsay, France; Interchim R&D, 211 bis avenue J.F. Kennedy, BP 1140, F03103 Montluçon Cedex, France
| | - Sihem Groni
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Lip(Sys)(b), LETIAM(1), IUT d'Orsay, Plateau de Moulon, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Alain Tchapla
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Lip(Sys)(b), LETIAM(1), IUT d'Orsay, Plateau de Moulon, 91400 Orsay, France
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17
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Surface Characterization of Some Novel Bonded Phase Packing Materials for HPLC Columns Using MAS-NMR Spectroscopy. CHROMATOGRAPHY 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/chromatography2020141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Bocian S, Nowaczyk A, Buszewski B. Synthesis and characterization of ester-bonded stationary phases for liquid chromatography. Talanta 2015; 131:684-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.07.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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19
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Indirect Voltammetric Sensing Platforms For Fluoride Detection on Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode Mediated via [FeF 6 ] 3− and [CeF 6 ] 2− Complexes Formation. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.09.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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High-Density Octadecyl Chemically Bonded Core–Shell Silica Phases for HPLC: Comparison of Microwave-Assisted and Classical Synthetic Routes, Structural Characterization and Chromatographic Evaluation. Chromatographia 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-014-2802-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Functionalized anion exchange stationary phase for separation of anionic compounds. Talanta 2014; 127:133-9. [PMID: 24913867 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of the multilayered stationary phases containing quaternary ammonium functional groups on the silica support was described. Bonded phases were characterized by elemental analysis, solid state (13)C NMR spectroscopy and chromatographic methods. The surface of silica support was coated with different number of polymeric layers formed by condensation polymerization of primary amine (methylamine) with diepoxide (1,4-butanedioldiglycidyl ether). A series of stationary phases with different number of polymerized layers were tested. Separation of an inorganic anions sample (F(-), Cl(-), NO2(-), Br(-), NO3(-)) and nucleotides was performed.
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22
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Ikbal M, Banerjee R, Atta S, Dhara D, Anoop A, Singh NDP. Synthesis, Photophysical and Photochemical Properties of Photoacid Generators Based on N-Hydroxyanthracene-1,9-dicarboxyimide and Their Application toward Modification of Silicon Surfaces. J Org Chem 2012; 77:10557-67. [DOI: 10.1021/jo301367y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ikbal
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721302, India
| | - Rakesh Banerjee
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721302, India
| | - Sanghamitra Atta
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721302, India
| | - Dibakar Dhara
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721302, India
| | - Anakuthil Anoop
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721302, India
| | - N. D. Pradeep Singh
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721302, India
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23
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Jiang Y, Zhang H, He Q, Hu Z, Chang X. Selective solid-phase extraction of trace mercury(II) using a silica gel modified with diethylenetriamine and thiourea. Mikrochim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-012-0858-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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25
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New alkyl-phosphate bonded stationary phases for liquid chromatographic separation of biologically active compounds. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 404:731-40. [PMID: 22722740 PMCID: PMC3407363 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6134-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A new type of bonded stationary phase for liquid chromatography, with the properties of immobilized artificial membranes, has been synthesized. Alkyl-phosphate adsorbents were obtained by modification of aminopropyl silica gel. The structures of the synthesized materials were confirmed by use of instrumental techniques—elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and 13 C and 29Si CP/MAS NMR. Analysis revealed that the adsorbents mimic the phospholipids present in natural cell membranes. The new synthesized alkyl-phosphate stationary phases may be used for liquid chromatographic separation of biologically active compounds of different polarity.
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26
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Jaćkowska M, Bocian S, Buszewski B. Dendrimer modified silica gel for anion exchange chromatography: synthesis, characterization and application. Analyst 2012; 137:4610-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an35312a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Campos R, Guenthner AJ, Haddad TS, Mabry JM. Fluoroalkyl-functionalized silica particles: synthesis, characterization, and wetting characteristics. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:10206-15. [PMID: 21728328 DOI: 10.1021/la201545a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Fluoroalkyl-functionalized silica particles for use in nonwetting surfaces were prepared by treatment of silica particles with fluoroalkyl-functional chlorosilanes. Both fumed and precipitated silica were studied, as well as the efficiency of surface coverage using mono-, di-, and trifunctional chlorosilanes. The most effective surface treatment was accomplished via the surface grafting of monofunctional chlorosilanes in the presence of preadsorbed dimethylamine under anhydrous conditions at room temperature. Confirmation of covalent attachment was accomplished via Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, while elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and nitrogen adsorption isotherms were used to determine grafting densities and additional key geometric characteristics of the grafted layer. The effect of residual silanol content on the moisture uptake properties of the modified silica particles was determined by measuring the water uptake of unbound particles, while liquid wetting properties were determined by dynamic contact angle analysis of elastomeric composites. Although residual silanol content was shown to effect wetting properties, results suggest that surface geometry dominates the performance of liquid-repellent surfaces. The potential use of fluoroalkyl-functionalized silica particles for hydrophobic and oleophobic applications is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Campos
- ERC, Inc., Space & Missile Propulsion Division, Air Force Research Laboratory, Edwards AFB, California 93524, United States
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28
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Buszewski B, Cendrowska I, Krupczynska K, Gadzala‐Kopciuch RM. Bronopol as an Ingredient of a New Test Mixture for Evaluation of HPLC Columns. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2011. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-120018418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boguslaw Buszewski
- a Department of Environmental Chemistry and Ecoanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry , Nicholas Copernicus University , 7 Gagarin St., 87‐100 , Torun , Poland
| | | | - Katarzyna Krupczynska
- a Department of Environmental Chemistry and Ecoanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry , Nicholas Copernicus University , 7 Gagarin St., 87‐100 , Torun , Poland
| | - Renata M. Gadzala‐Kopciuch
- a Department of Environmental Chemistry and Ecoanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry , Nicholas Copernicus University , 7 Gagarin St., 87‐100 , Torun , Poland
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29
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30
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Rana AA, Karim MM, Takafuji M. Synthesis, Characterization and Enhanced Selectivity in RP-HPLC of Polar Carbonyl Group Embedded Poly (Vinyl Octadecanoate) Grafted Stationary Phase by Simple Heterogeneous "Graft from" Technique. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2011. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2011.32.1.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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31
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Bocian S, Vajda P, Felinger A, Buszewski B. Effect of End-Capping and Surface Coverage on the Mechanism of Solvent Adsorption. Chromatographia 2010. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-010-1522-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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32
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Okusa K, Suita Y, Otsuka Y, Tahara M, Ikegami T, Tanaka N, Ohira M, Takahashi M. Test compounds for detecting the silanol effect on the elution of ionized amines in reversed-phase LC. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:348-58. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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33
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Bocian S, Vajda P, Felinger A, Buszewski B. Excess Adsorption of Commonly Used Organic Solvents from Water on Nonend-Capped C18-Bonded Phases in Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography. Anal Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ac9005759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Bocian
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarin 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland, and Department of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 6, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Vajda
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarin 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland, and Department of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 6, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Attila Felinger
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarin 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland, and Department of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 6, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarin 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland, and Department of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 6, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
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34
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Gadzała‐Kopciuch R, Berecka B, Ligor T, Buszewski B. Isolation and Determination of 4‐Nonylphenol in Environmental Samples Using Combined Chromatographic Techniques. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2009. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-200032626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renata Gadzała‐Kopciuch
- a Department of Environmental Chemistry and Ecoanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry , Nicholas Copernicus University , 7 Gagarin St., 87‐100 , Toruń , Poland
| | - Beata Berecka
- b Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture , University of Warmia and Mazury , Olsztyn , Poland
| | - Tomasz Ligor
- a Department of Environmental Chemistry and Ecoanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry , Nicholas Copernicus University , 7 Gagarin St., 87‐100 , Toruń , Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- a Department of Environmental Chemistry and Ecoanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry , Nicholas Copernicus University , 7 Gagarin St., 87‐100 , Toruń , Poland
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35
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Buszewski B, Welerowicz T, Kowalkowski T. Effect of chemically bonded stationary phases and mobile phase composition onβ-blockers retention in RP-HPLC. Biomed Chromatogr 2009; 23:324-33. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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36
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Statistical optimization of the silylation reaction of a mercaptosilane with silanol groups on the surface of silica gel. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:3473-9. [PMID: 19185309 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2008] [Revised: 12/19/2008] [Accepted: 01/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Thiol-modified silica is often used as an intermediate product for further synthesis of modified stationary phases for chromatography or purification processes. Different conditions were used to synthesize such thiol-modified particles, but systematic optimizations remained scarce. In this study the reaction conditions for the synthesis of mercaptopropyl-modified silica were optimized. The general synthetic method consists in slurrying the silica gel in toluene before adding 3-mercaptopropyldimethoxymethylsilane together with a tertiary amine as catalyst (here dimethylaminopyridine). Reaction time and temperature were optimized using a full factorial design of experiment (DoE) from 3 to 25h with temperature varying between 45 and 105 degrees C. The surface coverage of the silica with mercaptopropyl-groups was analyzed by two different ways (elemental analysis and chemical surface reaction with 2,2'-dipyridyl disulfide followed by HPLC-UV analysis of stoichiometrically liberated pyridyl-2-thione). We obtained a three-dimensional (3D) plot of the surface coverage as a function of reaction time and temperature. The arch-shaped hyperplane allowed us to determine an optimum with regard to time and temperature, which yields to the highest surface coverage possible. We also verified that the increase of the surface coverage does not lead to a decrease of the stability of the surface modification by subjecting the gels to treatment with high temperature and acidic conditions. The stability was monitored by different chromatographic methods. Moreover, (29)Si cross-polarization-magic angle spinning (CP-MAS) NMR spectra of materials prepared by different conditions allowed to confirm that the Si species on the surface were essentially the same, while there was only a minute difference in signal intensities for the individual Si species for materials obtained by distinct temperatures.
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37
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Norton D, Shamsi SA. Packed-column capillary electrochromatography and capillary electrochromatography-mass spectrometry using a lithocholic acid stationary phase. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:2004-15. [PMID: 18425746 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The preparation and characterization of a novel lithocholic acid (LCA)-based liquid crystalline (LC) stationary phase (SP) suitable for application in packed-column CEC and CEC coupled to MS is described. The extent of bonding reactions of LCA-SP was assessed using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and elemental analysis. This characterization is followed by application of the LCA-SP for separation of beta-blockers, phenylethylamines (PEAs), polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Using the optimum mobile phase operating conditions (pH 3.0-4.5, 10 mM ammonium acetate, 85% v/v ACN), a comparison of the chromatographic ability of the aminopropyl silica phase vs. the LCA-bonded phase was conducted. The results showed improved selectivity for all test analytes using the latter phase. For example, the CEC-MS of beta-blockers demonstrated that the LCA-bonded phase provides separation of six out of seven beta-blockers, whereas the amino silica phase provides four peaks of several co-eluting beta-blockers. For the CEC-MS analysis of PEAs, the LCA-bonded phase showed improved resolution and different selectivity as compared to the aminopropyl phase. An evaluation of the retention trends for PEAs on both phases suggested that the PEAs were retained based on varying degree of hydroxyl substitution on the aromatic ring. In addition, the MS characterization shows several PEAs fragment in the electrospray either by loss of an alkyl group and/or by loss of H2O. Finally, the LCA-bonded phase displayed significantly higher separation selectivity for PAHs and PCBs as compared to the amino silica phase.
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38
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Bocian S, Vajda P, Felinger A, Buszewski B. Solvent excess adsorption on the stationary phases for reversed-phase liquid chromatography with polar functional groups. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1204:35-41. [PMID: 18703199 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2008] [Revised: 07/11/2008] [Accepted: 07/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The measurement of acetonitrile and methanol adsorption was carried out on stationary phases with specific functionalities. The results were compared with the adsorption of those solvents on alkyl-modified adsorbents. This comparison allows us to describe the effect of polar groups on the adsorption of the organic modifiers. Our results clearly demonstrate how the functional groups modify the chromatographic properties of the homogeneous hydrophobic adsorbents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Bocian
- Department of Environmental Chemistry & Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarin 7, Torun, Poland
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39
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Cholesteric bonded stationary phases for high-performance liquid chromatography: a comparative study of the chromatographic behavior. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 392:451-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2276-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2008] [Revised: 06/25/2008] [Accepted: 07/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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40
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Buszewski B, Bocian S, Felinger A. Excess isotherms as a new way for characterization of the columns for reversed-phase liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1191:72-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.11.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2007] [Revised: 11/16/2007] [Accepted: 11/20/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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41
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Zhu X, Cui Y, Chang X, Zou X, Li Z. Selective solid-phase extraction of lead(II) from biological and natural water samples using surface-grafted lead(II)-imprinted polymers. Mikrochim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-008-0045-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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42
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Karlsson A, Almgren K. Reversal of Enantiomeric Retention Order by Using a Single N-Derivatized Dipeptide as Chiral Mobile Phase Additive and Porous Graphitised Carbon as Stationary Phase. Chromatographia 2007. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-007-0352-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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43
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Solid-phase extraction of trace Cu(II) Fe(III) and Zn(II) with silica gel modified with curcumin from biological and natural water samples by ICP-OES. Microchem J 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2007.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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44
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Buszewski B, Buszewska T, Gadzała‐Kopciuch R. Application of Alkylamide Phase to the Separation of Inorganic Anions by Reversed Phase HPLC. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-120020104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bogusław Buszewski
- a Department of Environmental Chemistry & Ecoanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry , Nicolaus Copernicus University , Gagarina. 7, Torun , P1‐87 100 , Poland
| | - Tadeusza Buszewska
- b Chemical Education Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry , Nicolaus Copernicus University , Torun , Poland
| | - Renata Gadzała‐Kopciuch
- a Department of Environmental Chemistry & Ecoanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry , Nicolaus Copernicus University , Gagarina. 7, Torun , P1‐87 100 , Poland
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45
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Buszewski B, Zbanyszek W. DETERMINATION OF DIFFERENT SOLUBILITY VITAMINS IN PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. I. HPLC COLUMN SWITCHING. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-120004021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boguslaw Buszewski
- a Department of Environmental Chemistry and Ecoanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry , Nicolaus Copernicus University , Gagarina str. 7, Pl-87100, Torun , Poland
| | - Wojciech Zbanyszek
- a Department of Environmental Chemistry and Ecoanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry , Nicolaus Copernicus University , Gagarina str. 7, Pl-87100, Torun , Poland
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Ranogajec A, Kontrec D, Vinkovic V, Sunjic V. Enantiomer Separation and Molecular Recognition with New Chiral Stationary Phases on 4‐Chloro‐3,5‐dinitrobenzoic Acid Amides of α,β‐Aminoalcohols and α‐Arylethylamines. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-120017153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ranogajec
- a Ruder Boskovic Institute , P.O. Box 180, Bijenicka cesta 54, 10002 , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Darko Kontrec
- a Ruder Boskovic Institute , P.O. Box 180, Bijenicka cesta 54, 10002 , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Vladimir Vinkovic
- a Ruder Boskovic Institute , P.O. Box 180, Bijenicka cesta 54, 10002 , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Vitomir Sunjic
- a Ruder Boskovic Institute , P.O. Box 180, Bijenicka cesta 54, 10002 , Zagreb , Croatia
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47
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Stella C, Rudaz S, Gauvrit JY, Lantéri P, Huteau A, Tchapla A, Veuthey JL. Characterization and comparison of the chromatographic performance of different types of reversed-phase stationary phases. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2007; 43:89-98. [PMID: 16860511 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2006.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2006] [Revised: 06/06/2006] [Accepted: 06/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The chromatographic performance of several base-deactivated stationary phases was evaluated with a specific chromatographic test. Seven basic test compounds, possessing different physico-chemical properties were injected on different supports with two mobile phases: one at pH 7.0 (acetonitrile-phosphate buffer, 40:60, v/v), and the other at pH 3.0 (acetonitrile-phosphate buffer, 15:85, v/v). Chromatographic parameters obtained under these conditions were treated by principal component analysis (PCA) to separate base deactivated supports according to their silanol activity (pH 7.0 mobile phase) and hydrophobic properties (pH 3.0 mobile phase). The information given by the specific test column evaluation was improved with complementary chemometric tools such as hierarchical cluster analysis. The same base deactivated supports were also tested following a general test procedure issued from the literature and obtained fundamental properties (in particular silanol activity and hydrophobicity) were compared with column evaluation obtained with the specific test: results were in good agreement, although the use of the specific test offered a better differentiation between numerous base-deactivated supports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Stella
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland
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Jandera P, Novotná K. Characterization of High‐Pressure Liquid Chromatography Columns using Chromatographic Methods. ANAL LETT 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710600773424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Karasová G, Kowalska S, Lehotay J, Buszewski B. Mobile-phase pH influence on the retention of some benzoic acid derivatives in reversed-phase chromatography. J Sep Sci 2006; 29:1074-81. [PMID: 16830721 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200500415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Five end-capped octadecyl RP stationary phases, among which one was a polar embedded stationary phase, were tested for the analysis of benzoic acid derivatives using two mobile phases with or without addition of formic acid (water pH was measured by a common approach; pH of water with addition of formic acid was 3.0 and without formic acid 5.8). The influence of mobile-phase pH on the retention of benzoic acid derivatives was under study. Consequently, Purospher-STAR and Alltima columns provided symmetrical peaks for benzoic acid derivatives at pH 3.0 and also at pH 5.8. Reprosil and Symmetry stationary phases showed poor peak shapes at higher pH of the mobile phase. Differences between the tested columns may be caused by surface heterogeneity. Another reason may be the presence of some atoms creating additional adsorption sites on the surface of Reprosil and Symmetry stationary phases. This can lead to enhanced silanol activity resulting in peak tailing. The addition of formic acid into the mobile phase improved peak shapes. The polar embedded C18 stationary-phase Synergi-Fusion-RP appeared as not a suitable column for the analysis of benzoic acid derivatives. Synergi-Fusion-RP provided asymmetrical peaks even if formic acid was added into the mobile phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Karasová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Meyer C, Pascui O, Reichert D, Sander LC, Wise SA, Albert K. Conformational temperature dependence of a poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) stationary phase investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2006; 29:820-8. [PMID: 16830494 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200500376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A polymer-based RP sorbent was prepared by immobilizing a poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) copolymer with an acid mass fraction of 5% on silica by using a 3-glycidoxypropyl linkage. 13C cross-polarization/magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy of the sorbent, either in the dry state or suspended in the mobile phase, showed an increase in mobility at elevated temperatures. Alkyl chain segments with gauche conformations were more mobile than chain segments with trans conformations. The strength of the 13C-1H dipolar couplings in the alkyl chains was measured using the constant time dipolar and chemical shift pulse sequence, revealing less molecular motion for the trans conformation. Non-linear van't Hoff plots were observed for separations of shape-constrained solutes (such as geometric beta-carotene isomers and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons). At higher temperatures, the retention behavior was similar to that of monomeric C18 sorbents, whereas at ambient and lower temperatures, enhanced shape-selective properties were exhibited similar to those of polymeric C30 sorbents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Meyer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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