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Zhang M, Zhang Y, Guo X, Chen Y, Li H, Zhou G, Sun S, Ren Q, Simal-Gandara J, Sun J, Li N, Liu C. Extraction, purification and anticancer activity studies on triterpenes from pomegranate peel. Food Funct 2024; 15:6914-6928. [PMID: 38855842 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00183d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Pomegranate peel is the by-product of pomegranate processing, which contains a lot of triterpene compounds. In this study, the total triterpenes of pomegranate peel (TPP) were extracted using an ultrasonic-assisted ethanol extraction method under optimal conditions, purified using D-101 macroporous resin to obtain a purity of 75.28%. The triterpenes in TPP were mainly pentacyclic triterpenes determined by LC-MS/MS. Network pharmacological analysis predicted that the anticancer targets were closely related to the MAPK pathway. The in vitro results showed that TPP could inhibit cell proliferation, promote apoptosis, reduce mitochondrial membrane potential and increase ROS levels. The western blot results indicated that the expression levels of the apoptotic proteins Bax, Bcl-2, cytochrome C, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9 were increased. In addition, the protein expression of the MAPK pathway predicted by network pharmacology also changed significantly. These results provided that TPP has potential for adjuvant therapy of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 23788 Gongye North Road, Jinan, 250100, PR China.
- Shandong Huatai Industrial Technology Institute of Nutrition and Health Co, Ltd, 9 Hongji Road, Jinan, 251400, PR China
| | - Yutao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 23788 Gongye North Road, Jinan, 250100, PR China.
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271017, PR China
| | - Xu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 23788 Gongye North Road, Jinan, 250100, PR China.
| | - Yingying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 23788 Gongye North Road, Jinan, 250100, PR China.
| | - Huimin Li
- Development Center of Melon, Fruit and Vegetable industry in Kashi, Kashi, 844000, PR China
| | - Guihua Zhou
- Development Center of Melon, Fruit and Vegetable industry in Kashi, Kashi, 844000, PR China
| | - Shutao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 23788 Gongye North Road, Jinan, 250100, PR China.
| | - Qidong Ren
- Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 23788 Gongye North Road, Jinan, 250100, PR China.
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, E32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Jinyue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 23788 Gongye North Road, Jinan, 250100, PR China.
| | - Ningyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271017, PR China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Chao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 23788 Gongye North Road, Jinan, 250100, PR China.
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Dehn DL, Inayat-Hussain SH, Ross D. RH1 Induces Cellular Damage in an NAD(P)H:Quinone Oxidoreductase 1-Dependent Manner: Relationship between DNA Cross-linking, Cell Cycle Perturbations, and Apoptosis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2005; 313:771-9. [PMID: 15665137 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.104.081380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Structure-based development of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1)-directed antitumor quinones resulted in development of RH1 [2,5-diaziridinyl-3-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone], a methyl-substituted diaziridinyl quinone. We conducted experiments to evaluate the mechanism of RH1-induced cytotoxicity and the inter-relationship between DNA cross-linking, cell cycle changes, and apoptosis using an isogenic cell line pair developed from the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-468 differing only in expression of wtNQO1 (NQ16 cells). Statistically significant DNA cross-linking was detected using a modified comet assay in cells with wtNQO1 within 1 h of dosing, whereas in parental cells, only marginal DNA cross-linking was observed and required a concentration up to 50 times higher. Cross-linking in NQ16 cells could be abrogated with 5-methoxy-1,2-dimethyl-3-[(4-nitrophenoxy)methyl]indole-4,7-dione, a mechanism-based inhibitor of NQO1. RH1 prolonged S phase and caused a G(2)/M block. Cell cycle changes were observed up to 10-fold lower in RH1 concentrations in NQ16 cells relative to parental cells. Apoptosis was similarly observed morphologically in both cell lines after RH1 treatment but was induced preferentially in NQ16 cells at lower concentrations and earlier time points. Marked cleavage of caspase-3 was observed in NQ16 cells relative to parental cells using lower concentrations of RH1. Temporally, low doses of RH1-induced rapid DNA cross-linking in NQ16 cells followed by induction of apoptosis at times when a G(2)/M block was not observed. This suggests that cell cycle arrest is not required for RH1-induced apoptosis and that DNA damage may directly initiate apoptotic events. In summary, RH1-induced preferential DNA cross-linking, cell cycle changes, and apoptosis in an NQO1-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna L Dehn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, 80262, USA
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Plaschke K, Kopitz J, Weigand MA, Martin E, Bardenheuer HJ. The neuroprotective effect of cerebral poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase inhibition in a rat model of global ischemia. Neurosci Lett 2000; 284:109-12. [PMID: 10771174 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(00)00988-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the effect of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition on rat cortical energy state was investigated at 24 h after global cerebral ischemia induced by permanent bilateral common carotid artery ligation plus transient hypotension. The specific PARP inhibitor 3-aminobenzamide was injected 10 min before induction of ischemia at a dosage of 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg intracerebroventricularly. Twenty-four hours after ischemia cortical PARP enzyme activity increased from 0.425+/-0.144 to 0.794+/-0.193 units/mg protein. Cerebral ischemia was associated by a decrease in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and phosphocreatine concentrations to 72.5 and 76.8% of controls, respectively. In addition, an 1.9- and 2. 2-fold increase in adenosine monophosphate and adenosine was observed. Specific PARP inhibition with 10 mg/kg 3-aminobenzamide protected the rat energy state by preserving cortical phosphocreatine and NAD(+). Cortical ATP was not changed significantly after PARP inhibition. In conclusion, activation of the nuclear enzyme PARP plays an important role in cerebral energy metabolism during rat global ischemia. Therefore, specific PARP inhibition may offer new strategies in the therapy of vascular diseases such as stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Plaschke
- Clinic of Anesthesiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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