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Ashpole NM, Herron JC, Estep PN, Logan S, Hodges EL, Yabluchanskiy A, Humphrey MB, Sonntag WE. Differential effects of IGF-1 deficiency during the life span on structural and biomechanical properties in the tibia of aged mice. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 38:38. [PMID: 26968399 PMCID: PMC5005911 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-016-9902-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Advanced aging is associated with the loss of structural and biomechanical properties in bones, which increases the risk for bone fracture. Aging is also associated with reductions in circulating levels of the anabolic signaling hormone, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1. While the role of IGF-1 in bone development has been well characterized, the impact of the age-related loss of IGF-1 on bone aging remains controversial. Here, we describe the effects of reducing IGF-1 at multiple time points in the mouse life span--early in postnatal development, early adulthood, or late adulthood on tibia bone aging in both male and female igf (f/f) mice. Bone structure was analyzed at 27 months of age using microCT. We find that age-related reductions in cortical bone fraction, cortical thickness, and tissue mineral density were more pronounced when IGF-1 was reduced early in life and not in late adulthood. Three-point bone bending assays revealed that IGF-1 deficiency early in life resulted in reduced maximum force, maximum bending moment, and bone stiffness in aged males and females. The effects of IGF-1 on bone aging are microenvironment specific, as early-life loss of IGF-1 resulted in decreased cortical bone structure and strength along the diaphysis while significantly increasing trabecular bone fraction and trabecular number at the proximal metaphysis. The increases in trabecular bone were limited to males, as early-life loss of IGF-1 did not alter bone fraction or number in females. Together, our data suggest that the age-related loss of IGF-1 influences tibia bone aging in a sex-specific, microenvironment-specific, and time-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Ashpole
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, SLY-BRC 1303, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
| | - Jacquelyn C Herron
- Department of Immunology/Rheumatology/Allergy Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Patrick N Estep
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sreemathi Logan
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, SLY-BRC 1303, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Erik L Hodges
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, SLY-BRC 1303, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, SLY-BRC 1303, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Mary Beth Humphrey
- Department of Immunology/Rheumatology/Allergy Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Department of Veteran's Affairs, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - William E Sonntag
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, SLY-BRC 1303, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
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2
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Mazzoccoli G, Tevy MF, Borghesan M, Delle Vergini MR, Vinciguerra M. Caloric restriction and aging stem cells: the stick and the carrot? Exp Gerontol 2013; 50:137-48. [PMID: 24211426 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2013.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Adult tissue stem cells have the ability to adjust to environmental changes and affect also the proliferation of neighboring cells, with important consequences on tissue maintenance and regeneration. Stem cell renewal and proliferation is strongly regulated during aging of the organism. Caloric restriction is the most powerful anti-aging strategy conserved throughout evolution in the animal kingdom. Recent studies relate the properties of caloric restriction to its ability in reprogramming stem-like cell states and in prolonging the capacity of stem cells to self-renew, proliferate, differentiate, and replace cells in several adult tissues. However this general paradigm presents with exceptions. The scope of this review is to highlight how caloric restriction impacts on diverse stem cell compartments and, by doing so, might differentially delay aging in the tissues of lower and higher organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Mazzoccoli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Unit, IRCCS Scientific Institute and Regional General Hospital "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", S. Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy.
| | - Maria Florencia Tevy
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Centre, Major University of Santiago, Santiago, Chile
| | - Michela Borghesan
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Unit, IRCCS Scientific Institute and Regional General Hospital "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", S. Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy; University College London, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Rita Delle Vergini
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Unit, IRCCS Scientific Institute and Regional General Hospital "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", S. Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Manlio Vinciguerra
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Unit, IRCCS Scientific Institute and Regional General Hospital "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", S. Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy; Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy; University College London, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom.
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3
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Zhang Y, Ikeno Y, Bokov A, Gelfond J, Jaramillo C, Zhang HM, Liu Y, Qi W, Hubbard G, Richardson A, Van Remmen H. Dietary restriction attenuates the accelerated aging phenotype of Sod1(-/-) mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 60:300-6. [PMID: 23459073 PMCID: PMC3696984 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 02/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dietary restriction is a powerful aging intervention that extends the life span of diverse biological species ranging from yeast to invertebrates to mammals, and it has been argued that the antiaging action of dietary restriction occurs through reduced oxidative stress/damage. Using Sod1(-/-) mice, which have previously been shown to have increased levels of oxidative stress associated with a shorter life span and a high incidence of neoplasia, we were able to test directly the ability of dietary restriction to reverse an aging phenotype due to increased oxidative stress/damage. We found that dietary restriction increased the life span of Sod1(-/-) mice 30%, returning it to that of wild-type, control mice fed ad libitum. Oxidative damage in Sod1(-/-) mice was markedly reduced by dietary restriction, as indicated by a reduction in liver and brain F2-isoprostanes, a marker of lipid peroxidation. Analysis of end of life pathology showed that dietary restriction significantly reduced the overall incidence of pathological lesions in the Sod1(-/-) mice fed the dietary-restricted diet compared to Sod1(-/-) mice fed ad libitum, including the incidence of lymphoma (27 vs 5%) and overall liver pathology. In addition to reduced incidence of overall and liver-specific pathology, the burden and severity of both neoplastic and nonneoplastic lesions was also significantly reduced in the Sod1(-/-) mice fed the dietary-restricted diet. These data demonstrate that dietary restriction can significantly attenuate the accelerated aging phenotype observed in Sod1(-/-) mice that arises from increased oxidative stress/damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiang Zhang
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA
| | - Yuji Ikeno
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA
- Geriatric Education, Clinical, and Research Center at the South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas 78229-7762, USA
| | - Alex Bokov
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA
| | - Jon Gelfond
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA
| | - Carlos Jaramillo
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA
| | - Hong-Mei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yuhong Liu
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA
| | - Wenbo Qi
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA
| | - Gene Hubbard
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA
| | - Arlan Richardson
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA
- Geriatric Education, Clinical, and Research Center at the South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas 78229-7762, USA
| | - Holly Van Remmen
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA
- Geriatric Education, Clinical, and Research Center at the South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas 78229-7762, USA
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4
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Cerqueira FM, Cunha FM, Laurindo FRM, Kowaltowski AJ. Calorie restriction increases cerebral mitochondrial respiratory capacity in a NO•-mediated mechanism: impact on neuronal survival. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 52:1236-41. [PMID: 22310960 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2011] [Revised: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) enhances animal life span and prevents age-related diseases, including neurological decline. Recent evidence suggests that a mechanism involved in CR-induced life-span extension is NO(•)-stimulated mitochondrial biogenesis. We examine here the effects of CR on brain mitochondrial content. CR increased eNOS and nNOS and the content of mitochondrial proteins (cytochrome c oxidase, citrate synthase, and mitofusin) in the brain. Furthermore, we established an in vitro system to study the neurological effects of CR using serum extracted from animals on this diet. In cultured neurons, CR serum enhanced nNOS expression and increased levels of nitrite (a NO(•) product). CR serum also enhanced the levels of cytochrome c oxidase and increased citrate synthase activity and respiratory rates in neurons. CR serum effects were inhibited by L-NAME and mimicked by the NO(•) donor SNAP. Furthermore, both CR sera and SNAP were capable of improving neuronal survival. Overall, our results indicate that CR increases mitochondrial biogenesis in a NO(•)-mediated manner, resulting in enhanced reserve respiratory capacity and improved survival in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda M Cerqueira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
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5
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Qiu X, Brown K, Hirschey MD, Verdin E, Chen D. Calorie restriction reduces oxidative stress by SIRT3-mediated SOD2 activation. Cell Metab 2010; 12:662-7. [PMID: 21109198 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2010.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 964] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2010] [Revised: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A major cause of aging and numerous diseases is thought to be cumulative oxidative stress, resulting from the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during respiration. Calorie restriction (CR), the most robust intervention to extend life span and ameliorate various diseases in mammals, reduces oxidative stress and damage. However, the underlying mechanism is unknown. Here, we show that the protective effects of CR on oxidative stress and damage are diminished in mice lacking SIRT3, a mitochondrial deacetylase. SIRT3 reduces cellular ROS levels dependent on superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), a major mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme. SIRT3 deacetylates two critical lysine residues on SOD2 and promotes its antioxidative activity. Importantly, the ability of SOD2 to reduce cellular ROS and promote oxidative stress resistance is greatly enhanced by SIRT3. Our studies identify a defense program that CR provokes to reduce oxidative stress and suggest approaches to combat aging and oxidative stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Qiu
- Department of Nutritional Science & Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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6
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Lin AL, Gao JH, Duong TQ, Fox PT. Functional neuroimaging: a physiological perspective. FRONTIERS IN NEUROENERGETICS 2010; 2. [PMID: 20725632 PMCID: PMC2916670 DOI: 10.3389/fnene.2010.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2010] [Accepted: 07/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic physiology and functional neuroimaging have played important and complementary roles over the past two decades. In particular, investigations of the mechanisms underlying functional neuroimaging signals have produced fundamental new insights into hemodynamic and metabolic regulation. However, controversies were also raised as regards the metabolic pathways (oxidative vs. non-oxidative) for meeting the energy demand and driving the increases in cerebral blood flow (CBF) during brain activation. In a recent study, with the concurrent functional MRI-MRS measurements, we found that task-evoked energy demand was predominately met through oxidative metabolism (approximately 98%), despite a small increase in cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (12–17%). In addition, the task-induced increases in CBF were most likely mediated by anaerobic glycolysis rather than oxygen demand. These observations and others from functional neuroimaging support the activation-induced neuron-astrocyte interactions portrayed by the astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle model. The concurrent developments of neuroimaging methods and metabolic physiology will also pave the way for the future investigation of cerebral hemodynamics and metabolism in disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Ling Lin
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, TX, USA
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7
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Ebersole JL, Steffen MJ, Reynolds MA, Branch-Mays GL, Dawson DR, Novak KF, Gunsolley JC, Mattison JA, Ingram DK, Novak MJ. Differential gender effects of a reduced-calorie diet on systemic inflammatory and immune parameters in nonhuman primates. J Periodontal Res 2008; 43:500-7. [PMID: 18565132 PMCID: PMC2574803 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2008.01051.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Dietary manipulation, including caloric restriction, has been shown to impact host response capabilities significantly, particularly in association with aging. This investigation compared systemic inflammatory and immune-response molecules in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). MATERIAL AND METHODS Monkeys on continuous long-term calorie-restricted diets and a matched group of animals on a control ad libitum diet, were examined for systemic response profiles including the effects of both gender and aging. RESULTS The results demonstrated that haptoglobin and alpha1-antiglycoprotein levels were elevated in the serum of male monkeys. Serum IgG responses to Campylobacter rectus, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis were significantly elevated in female monkeys. While only the antibody to Fusobacterium nucleatum was significantly affected by the calorie-restricted diet in female monkeys, antibody levels to Prevotella intermedia, C. rectus and Treponema denticola demonstrated a similar trend. CONCLUSION In this investigation, only certain serum antibody levels were influenced by the age of male animals, which was seemingly related to increasing clinical disease in this gender. More generally, analytes were modulated by gender and/or diet in this oral model system of mucosal microbial challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Ebersole
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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8
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Chen D, Bruno J, Easlon E, Lin SJ, Cheng HL, Alt FW, Guarente L. Tissue-specific regulation of SIRT1 by calorie restriction. Genes Dev 2008. [PMID: 18550784 DOI: 10.1101/gad.1650608.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) has been reported to increase SIRT1 protein levels in mice, rats, and humans, and elevated activity of SIRT1 orthologs extends life span in yeast, worms, and flies. In this study, we challenge the paradigm that CR induces SIRT1 activity in all tissues by showing that activity of this sirtuin in the liver is, in fact, reduced by CR and activated by a high-caloric diet. We demonstrate this change both by assaying levels of SIRT1 and its small molecule regulators, NAD and NADH, as well as assessing phenotypes of a liver-specific SIRT1 knockout mouse on various diets. Our findings suggest that designing CR mimetics that target SIRT1 to provide uniform systemic benefits may be more complex than currently imagined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danica Chen
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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9
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Chen D, Bruno J, Easlon E, Lin SJ, Cheng HL, Alt FW, Guarente L. Tissue-specific regulation of SIRT1 by calorie restriction. Genes Dev 2008; 22:1753-7. [PMID: 18550784 DOI: 10.1101/gad.1650608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 445] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) has been reported to increase SIRT1 protein levels in mice, rats, and humans, and elevated activity of SIRT1 orthologs extends life span in yeast, worms, and flies. In this study, we challenge the paradigm that CR induces SIRT1 activity in all tissues by showing that activity of this sirtuin in the liver is, in fact, reduced by CR and activated by a high-caloric diet. We demonstrate this change both by assaying levels of SIRT1 and its small molecule regulators, NAD and NADH, as well as assessing phenotypes of a liver-specific SIRT1 knockout mouse on various diets. Our findings suggest that designing CR mimetics that target SIRT1 to provide uniform systemic benefits may be more complex than currently imagined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danica Chen
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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10
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Lustig A, Weeraratna AT, Wood WW, Teichberg D, Bertak D, Carter A, Poosala S, Firman J, Becker KG, Zonderman AB, Longo DL, Taub DD. Transcriptome analysis of age-, gender- and diet-associated changes in murine thymus. Cell Immunol 2007; 245:42-61. [PMID: 17499630 PMCID: PMC2271048 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2007.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2007] [Revised: 03/25/2007] [Accepted: 03/27/2007] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The loss of thymic function with age may be due to diminished numbers of T-cell progenitors and the loss of critical mediators within the thymic microenvironment. To assess the molecular changes associated with this loss, we examined transcriptomes of progressively aging mouse thymi, of different sexes and on caloric-restricted (CR) vs. ad libitum (AL) diets. Genes involved in various biological and molecular processes including transcriptional regulators, stress response, inflammation and immune function significantly changed during thymic aging. These differences depended on variables such as sex and diet. Interestingly, many changes associated with thymic aging are either muted or almost completely reversed in mice on caloric-restricted diets. These studies provide valuable insight into the molecular mechanisms associated with thymic aging and emphasize the need to account for biological variables such as sex and diet when elucidating the genomic correlates that influence the molecular pathways responsible for thymic involution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lustig
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 5600 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Ashani T. Weeraratna
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 5600 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - William W. Wood
- The Research Resources Branch, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Diane Teichberg
- The Research Resources Branch, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Dorothy Bertak
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 5600 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Arnell Carter
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 5600 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Suresh Poosala
- The Research Resources Branch, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Jeffrey Firman
- The Research Resources Branch, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Kevin G. Becker
- The Research Resources Branch, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Alan B. Zonderman
- The Research Resources Branch, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Dan L. Longo
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 5600 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Dennis D. Taub
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 5600 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
- Corresponding author. Fax: +1 410 558 8284. E-mail address: (D.D. Taub)
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11
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Chang J, Cornell JE, Van Remmen H, Hakala K, Ward WF, Richardson A. Effect of aging and caloric restriction on the mitochondrial proteome. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2007; 62:223-34. [PMID: 17389719 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/62.3.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The rat mitochondrial proteome was analyzed using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D PAGE), and proteins altered by age or caloric restriction (CR) were identified using mass spectrometry. Of 2061 mitochondrial proteins analyzed in the three tissues, a significant change with age occurred in 25 liver proteins (19 increased, 6 decreased), 3 heart proteins (1 increased, 2 decreased), and 5 skeletal muscle proteins (all increased). CR prevented the age-related change in the level of one liver mitochondrial protein, altered the levels of four proteins (one increased, three decreased) from heart, and one protein (decreased) from skeletal muscle. Identification of the proteins that changed with age or CR revealed that they were varied among the three tissues, that is, not one mitochondrial protein was changed, in common, by age or CR in any tissue studied. Thus, the effect of age on the mitochondrial proteome appears to be tissue-specific, and CR has a minor effect on age-related protein changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsook Chang
- Department of Physiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
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12
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Abstract
Macroautophagy is a process that sequesters and degrades organelles and macromolecular constituents of cytoplasm for cellular restructuring and repair, and as a source of nutrients for metabolic use in early starvation. Extensive evidence has been reported that macroautophagy process declines with increasing age. This impairment, probably due to ad libitum feeding, may cause accumulation of altered structures leading to the age-related decline in cell functions. It has been suggested that caloric restriction (CR) and disruption of insulin-like signals contrast the process of aging by prolonged stimulation of macroautophagy. According to this hypothesis, it is shown that life-long weekly administration of an anti-lipolytic drug decreases glucose and insulin levels, stimulates autophagy and intensifies anti-aging effects of submaximal CR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Donati
- Centro di Ricerca Biologia e Patologia dell'Invecchiamento, Universitá di Pisa, Via Roma, 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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13
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Bergamini E, Cavallini G, Donati A, Gori Z. The role of macroautophagy in the ageing process, anti-ageing intervention and age-associated diseases. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2004; 36:2392-404. [PMID: 15325580 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2004.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Macroautophagy is a degradation/recycling system ubiquitous in eukariotic cells, which generates nutrients during fasting under the control of amino acids and hormones, and contributes to the turnover and rejuvenation of cellular components (long-lived proteins, cytomembranes and organelles). Tight coupling between these two functions may be the weak point in cell housekeeping. Ageing denotes a post-maturational deterioration of tissues and organs with the passage of time, due to the progressive accumulation of the misfunctioning cell components because of oxidative damage and an age-dependent decline of turnover rate and housekeeping. Caloric restriction (CR) and lower insulin levels may slow down many age-dependent processes and extend lifespan. Recent evidence is reviewed showing that autophagy is involved in ageing and in the anti-ageing action of anti-ageing calorie restriction: function of autophagy declines during adulthood and is almost negligible at older age; CR prevents the age-dependent decline of autophagic proteolysis and improves the sensitivity of liver cells to stimulation of lysosomal degradation; protection of autophagic proteolysis from the age-related decline co-varies with the duration and level of anti-ageing food restriction like the effects of CR extending lifespan; the pharmacological stimulation of macroautophagy has anti-ageing effects. Besides the involvement in ageing, macroautophagy may have an essential role in the pathogenesis of many age-associated diseases. Higher protein turnover may not fully account for the anti-ageing effects of macroautophagy, and effects of macroautophagy on housekeeping of the cell organelles, antioxidant machinery of cell membranes and transmembrane cell signaling should also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bergamini
- Centro di Ricerca di Biologia e Patologia dell'Invecchiamento, University of Pisa, Scuola Medica, via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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14
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Abstract
It is now well established, in many species, that dietary calorie restriction confers beneficial effects like slowing down many age dependent processes and extending the lifespan. There are indications that this phenomenon may be applicable even in non-human primates and humans. However the precise mechanism through which these effects are achieved is not known. Since decreasing DNA repair has been correlated with increasing age, information available on the effect of dietary calorie restriction on DNA repair potential in different species, including humans, is reviewed with special emphasis on brain in view of its uniqueness and the age related appearance of several neurodegenerative disorders. There is considerable evidence to indicate that calorie restriction reduces the rate of, among other things, the age dependent decrease in DNA repair potential thus leading to a better maintenance of genomic integrity. In brain also dietary calorie restriction is found to improve the activities of some enzymes supposedly involved in DNA repair. It is suggested that one of the lifespan extending mechanisms of calorie restriction may be to channel the limited energy resource available to maintain a process like DNA repair rather than towards reproductive and anabolic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalluri Subba Rao
- ICMR Advanced Center for Research on Aging and Brain, Department of Biochemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India.
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Aperghis M, Johnson IP, Patel N, Khadir A, Cannon J, Goldspink G. Age, diet and injury affect the survival of facial motoneurons. Neuroscience 2003; 117:97-104. [PMID: 12605896 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(02)00762-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Using the model of facial nerve avulsion, we have compared the effects of injury, age and diet on motoneuronal survival. One to four weeks after nerve avulsion, 50-75% motoneuron loss was quantified in ad libitum-fed rats aged 7 days (neonate), 6 months (adult) and 24 months (aging) at the time of injury. Evidence of apoptosis was found for neonatal rats at 3 days post-injury, but not for neonates examined 7 days or adult or aging rats examined 1 month after injury. Non-operated, ad libitum-fed rats showed no significant loss of facial motoneurons by 24 months. Surprisingly, non-operated rats whose food intake was restricted to 15 g standard rat chow per day from the age of 6 months lost 50% of their motoneurons by 24 months. Facial nerve avulsion of 24-month-old rats raised on this restricted diet did not result in any additional loss of motoneurons one month after injury. These results challenge the common view that aging results in neuronal loss and that dietary restriction is universally beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aperghis
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Royal Free and University College Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid A. Gavrilov
- Center on Aging, NORC/University of Chicago, 1155 East 60th Street, Chicago, IL 60637-2745
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Harney JP, Madara J, Madara J, I'Anson H. Effects of acute inhibition of fatty acid oxidation on latency to seizure and concentrations of beta hydroxybutyrate in plasma of rats maintained on calorie restriction and/or the ketogenic diet. Epilepsy Res 2002; 49:239-46. [PMID: 12076845 DOI: 10.1016/s0920-1211(02)00046-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of acute inhibition of fatty acid oxidation on plasma levels of beta hydroxybutyrate and latency to PTZ-induced seizures in ad libitum- (AL), calorie-restricted normal rodent chow- (CR), and calorie-restricted ketogenic diet (KD)-fed young rats. Young (day 23) Sprague-Dawley rats were fasted for 8 h and then fed their respective diets for 21 days. On day 21 of the diet rats in each group received either saline or the fatty acid oxidation inhibitor mercaptoacetate (MA; 46 mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p.). Two hours later, all rats received pentylenetetrazole (PTZ; 10 mg/kg; i.p.) every 10 min until seizure onset. Results demonstrated that KD-fed rats had the longest (P<0.05) latency to PTZ-induced seizures. KD-fed rats administered an acute dose of MA had lower (P<0.01) levels of beta hydroxybutyrate in plasma and shorter latency to PTZ-induced seizures compared with control KD-fed rats. However, there was not a significant positive correlation (P>0.10) between plasma beta hydroxybutyrate and latency to seizure, suggesting that beta hydroxybutyrate may be indirectly involved in the antiseizure effects of the KD. Fatty acid oxidation inhibition represents an experimental manipulation that may allow for more precise establishment and evaluation of levels of beta hydroxybutyrate in plasma necessary for antiseizure effects of the KD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob P Harney
- Department of Biology, University of Hartford, West Hartford, CT 06117, USA.
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