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Bhai P, Kulshrestha S, Puri RD, Bijarnia Mahay S, Saxena R, Verma IC. Spectrum of mutations in genes associated with familial colorectal cancer syndrome (MLH1, MSH2, PMS2, MSH6, and APC): A not so common hereditary cancer syndrome in Indian population. Indian J Gastroenterol 2020; 39:599-607. [PMID: 33191490 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-020-01096-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is lower in India than in other parts of the world. Approximately 5% to 10% of CRC is inherited. Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) syndrome and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) syndrome are the two known familial cancer syndromes of gastrointestinal tract, which occur due to inherited genetic predisposition. Not much is known about the molecular profile of families with inherited CRC syndromes seen in Indian population. At our institute, we have been providing genetic testing and counseling service to all the families referred to us with suspicion of inherited cancer predisposition syndrome. We analyzed 36 suspected families at our clinic. Personal and family history of cancer was obtained from the proband and appropriate genetic testing was performed in 19 patients (13 with HNPCC, 5 with FAP, and 1 with Cowden syndrome). We present here our experience and spectrum of pathogenic variants observed in this patient cohort and review on published studies describing molecular profile of Indian patients with CRC syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Bhai
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Rajinder Nagar, New Delhi, 110 060, India.
| | - Samarth Kulshrestha
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Rajinder Nagar, New Delhi, 110 060, India
| | - Ratna D Puri
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Rajinder Nagar, New Delhi, 110 060, India
| | - Sunita Bijarnia Mahay
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Rajinder Nagar, New Delhi, 110 060, India
| | - Renu Saxena
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Rajinder Nagar, New Delhi, 110 060, India
| | - Ishwar Chander Verma
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Rajinder Nagar, New Delhi, 110 060, India
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Sun X, Zhu MJ. Butyrate Inhibits Indices of Colorectal Carcinogenesis via Enhancing α-Ketoglutarate-Dependent DNA Demethylation of Mismatch Repair Genes. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1700932. [PMID: 29577594 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Butyrate, the fermentation end product of gut microbiota in the colon, is known for its antitumor effects, but the mechanisms remained to be defined. α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) mediates DNA demethylation and aberrant epigenetic modifications are associated with carcinogenesis. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the effects of butyrate on α-KG mediated epigenetic modification in colorectal adenocarcinoma HT-29 and Caco-2 cells. METHODS AND RESULTS Butyrate suppressed proliferation, potentiated differentiation, and induced apoptosis in both HT-29 and Caco-2 cells, associated with enhanced expression of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and pyruvate dehydrogenase. Furthermore, butyrate upregulated acetyl-CoA and α-KG, concomitant with enhanced histone acetylation and DNA demethylation in the promoter of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) gene. Knocking down IDH1 abolished the positive effects of butyrate on CRC apoptosis and MMR protein expression, in conjunction with reduced α-KG content. Importantly, α-KG supplementation recovered the beneficial effects of butyrate in IDH1-deficient cells. CONCLUSION In summary, butyrate inhibits indices of colorectal carcinogenesis in an α-KG-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Sun
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Mei-Jun Zhu
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
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Janavicius R, Matiukaite D, Jakubauskas A, Griskevicius L. Microsatellite instability detection by high-resolution melting analysis. Clin Chem 2010; 56:1750-7. [PMID: 20852132 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2010.150680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microsatellite instability (MSI) is an important marker for screening for hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (Lynch syndrome) as well as a prognostic and predictive marker for sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC). The mononucleotide microsatellite marker panel is a well-established and superior alternative to the traditional Bethesda MSI analysis panel, and does not require testing for corresponding normal DNA. The most common MSI detection techniques-fluorescent capillary electrophoresis and denaturing HPLC (DHPLC)-both have advantages and drawbacks. A new high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis method enables rapid identification of heteroduplexes in amplicons by their lower thermal stability, a technique that overcomes the main shortcomings of capillary electrophoresis and DHPLC. METHODS We investigated the straightforward application of HRM for the detection of MSI in 70 archival CRC samples. HRM analysis for 2 MSI markers (BAT25 and BAT26) was evaluated, and 2 different HRM-enabled instruments were compared-the LightCycler® 480 (Roche Diagnostics) and the LightScanner(TM) (Idaho Technology). We also determined the analytical sensitivity and specificity of the HRM assay on both instruments using 11 known MSI-positive and 54 microsatellite-stable CRC samples. RESULTS All MSI-positive samples were detected on both instruments (100% analytical sensitivity). The LightScanner performed better for analytical specificity, giving a combined specificity value of 99.1% compared with 92.3% on the LightCycler 480. CONCLUSIONS We expanded the application of the HRM analysis method as an effective MSI detection technique for clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramunas Janavicius
- Department of Molecular and Regenerative Medicine, Hematology, Oncology and Transfusion Medicine Center, Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Clinics, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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Martin SA, McCabe N, Mullarkey M, Cummins R, Burgess DJ, Nakabeppu Y, Oka S, Kay E, Lord CJ, Ashworth A. DNA polymerases as potential therapeutic targets for cancers deficient in the DNA mismatch repair proteins MSH2 or MLH1. Cancer Cell 2010; 17:235-48. [PMID: 20227038 PMCID: PMC2845806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2009.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2008] [Revised: 07/06/2009] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic sickness/lethality (SSL) can be exploited to develop therapeutic strategies for cancer. Deficiencies in the tumor suppressor proteins MLH1 and MSH2 have been implicated in cancer. Here we demonstrate that deficiency in MSH2 is SSL with inhibition of the DNA polymerase POLB, whereas deficiency in MLH1 is SSL with DNA polymerase POLG inhibition. Both SSLs led to the accumulation of 8-oxoG oxidative DNA lesions. MSH2/POLB SSL caused nuclear 8-oxoG accumulation, whereas MLH1/POLG SSL led to a rise in mitochondrial 8-oxoG levels. Both SSLs were rescued by silencing the adenine glycosylase MUTYH, suggesting that lethality could be caused by the formation of lethal DNA breaks upon 8-oxoG accumulation. These data suggest targeted, mechanism-based therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Martin
- Cancer Research UK Gene Function and Regulation Group, The Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Nuala McCabe
- Cancer Research UK Gene Function and Regulation Group, The Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Michelle Mullarkey
- Department of Pathology, The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Robert Cummins
- Department of Pathology, The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Darren J. Burgess
- Cancer Research UK Gene Function and Regulation Group, The Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Yusaku Nakabeppu
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Sugako Oka
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Elaine Kay
- Department of Pathology, The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Christopher J. Lord
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
- Corresponding author
| | - Alan Ashworth
- Cancer Research UK Gene Function and Regulation Group, The Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
- Corresponding author
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