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Brinker AE, Vivian CJ, Beadnell TC, Koestler DC, Teoh ST, Lunt SY, Welch DR. Mitochondrial Haplotype of the Host Stromal Microenvironment Alters Metastasis in a Non-cell Autonomous Manner. Cancer Res 2020; 80:1118-1129. [PMID: 31848195 PMCID: PMC7056497 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-2481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria contribute to tumor growth through multiple metabolic pathways, regulation of extracellular pH, calcium signaling, and apoptosis. Using the Mitochondrial Nuclear Exchange (MNX) mouse models, which pair nuclear genomes with different mitochondrial genomes, we previously showed that mitochondrial SNPs regulate mammary carcinoma tumorigenicity and metastatic potential in genetic crosses. Here, we tested the hypothesis that polymorphisms in stroma significantly affect tumorigenicity and experimental lung metastasis. Using syngeneic cancer cells (EO771 mammary carcinoma and B16-F10 melanoma cells) injected into wild-type and MNX mice (i.e., same nuclear DNA but different mitochondrial DNA), we showed mt-SNP-dependent increases (C3H/HeN) or decreases (C57BL/6J) in experimental metastasis. Superoxide scavenging reduced experimental metastasis. In addition, expression of lung nuclear-encoded genes changed specifically with mt-SNP. Thus, mitochondrial-nuclear cross-talk alters nuclear-encoded signaling pathways that mediate metastasis via both intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms. SIGNIFICANCE: Stromal mitochondrial polymorphisms affect metastatic colonization through reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial-nuclear cross-talk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E Brinker
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- The University Kansas Cancer Center, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Heartland Center for Mitochondrial Medicine
| | - Carolyn J Vivian
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Heartland Center for Mitochondrial Medicine
| | - Thomas C Beadnell
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- The University Kansas Cancer Center, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Heartland Center for Mitochondrial Medicine
| | - Devin C Koestler
- The University Kansas Cancer Center, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Shao Thing Teoh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Sophia Y Lunt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Danny R Welch
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- The University Kansas Cancer Center, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Heartland Center for Mitochondrial Medicine
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Ishii Y, Nhiayi MK, Tse E, Cheng J, Massimino M, Durden DL, Vigneri P, Wang JYJ. Knockout Serum Replacement Promotes Cell Survival by Preventing BIM from Inducing Mitochondrial Cytochrome C Release. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140585. [PMID: 26473951 PMCID: PMC4608728 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Knockout serum replacement (KOSR) is a nutrient supplement commonly used to replace serum for culturing stem cells. We show here that KOSR has pro-survival activity in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cells transformed by the BCR-ABL oncogene. Inhibitors of BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase kill CML cells by stimulating pro-apoptotic BIM and inhibiting anti-apoptotic BCL2, BCLxL and MCL1. We found that KOSR protects CML cells from killing by BCR-ABL inhibitors—imatinib, dasatinib and nilotinib. The protective effect of KOSR is reversible and not due to the selective outgrowth of drug-resistant clones. In KOSR-protected CML cells, imatinib still inhibited the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase, reduced the phosphorylation of STAT, ERK and AKT, down-regulated BCL2, BCLxL, MCL1 and up-regulated BIM. However, these pro-apoptotic alterations failed to cause cytochrome c release from the mitochondria. With mitochondria isolated from KOSR-cultured CML cells, we showed that addition of recombinant BIM protein also failed to cause cytochrome c release. Besides the kinase inhibitors, KOSR could protect cells from menadione, an inducer of oxidative stress, but it did not protect cells from DNA damaging agents. Switching from serum to KOSR caused a transient increase in reactive oxygen species and AKT phosphorylation in CML cells that were protected by KOSR but not in those that were not protected by this nutrient supplement. Treatment of KOSR-cultured cells with the PH-domain inhibitor MK2206 blocked AKT phosphorylation, abrogated the formation of BIM-resistant mitochondria and stimulated cell death. These results show that KOSR has cell-context dependent pro-survival activity that is linked to AKT activation and the inhibition of BIM-induced cytochrome c release from the mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ishii
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - May Keu Nhiayi
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Edison Tse
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Cheng
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Michele Massimino
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Bio-Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Donald L. Durden
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Paolo Vigneri
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Bio-Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Jean Y. J. Wang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Cilenti L, Ambivero CT, Ward N, Alnemri ES, Germain D, Zervos AS. Inactivation of Omi/HtrA2 protease leads to the deregulation of mitochondrial Mulan E3 ubiquitin ligase and increased mitophagy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:1295-307. [PMID: 24709290 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Omi/HtrA2 is a nuclear encoded mitochondrial serine protease with dual and opposite functions that depend entirely on its subcellular localization. During apoptosis, Omi/HtrA2 is released into the cytoplasm where it participates in cell death. While confined in the inter-membrane space of the mitochondria, Omi/HtrA2 has a pro-survival function that may involve the regulation of protein quality control (PQC) and mitochondrial homeostasis. Loss of Omi/HtrA2's protease activity causes the neuromuscular disorder of the mnd2 (motor neuron degeneration 2) mutant mice. These mice develop multiple defects including neurodegeneration with parkinsonian features. Loss of Omi/HtrA2 in non-neuronal tissues has also been shown to cause premature aging. The normal function of Omi/HtrA2 in the mitochondria and how its deregulation causes neurodegeneration or premature aging are unknown. Here we report that the mitochondrial Mulan E3 ubiquitin ligase is a specific substrate of Omi/HtrA2. During exposure to H(2)O(2), Omi/HtrA2 degrades Mulan, and this regulation is lost in cells that carry the inactive protease. Furthermore, we show accumulation of Mulan protein in various tissues of mnd2 mice as well as in Omi/HtrA2(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). This causes a significant decrease of mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) protein, and increased mitophagy. Our work describes a new stress-signaling pathway that is initiated in the mitochondria and involves the regulation of Mulan by Omi/HtrA2 protease. Deregulation of this pathway, as it occurs in mnd2 mutant mice, causes mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy, and could be responsible for the motor neuron disease and the premature aging phenotype observed in these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Cilenti
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL32826, USA
| | - Camilla T Ambivero
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL32826, USA
| | - Nathan Ward
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL32826, USA
| | - Emad S Alnemri
- Center for Apoptosis Research, Kimmel Cancer Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA19107, USA
| | - Doris Germain
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10129, USA
| | - Antonis S Zervos
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL32826, USA.
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Fluorescent lipids: functional parts of fusogenic liposomes and tools for cell membrane labeling and visualization. Molecules 2012; 17:1055-73. [PMID: 22267193 PMCID: PMC6268766 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17011055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Revised: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper a rapid and highly efficient method for controlled incorporation of fluorescent lipids into living mammalian cells is introduced. Here, the fluorescent molecules have two consecutive functions: First, they trigger rapid membrane fusion between cellular plasma membranes and the lipid bilayers of their carrier particles, so called fusogenic liposomes, and second, after insertion into cellular membranes these molecules enable fluorescence imaging of cell membranes and membrane traffic processes. We tested the fluorescent derivatives of the following essential membrane lipids for membrane fusion: Ceramide, sphingomyelin, phosphocholine, phosphatidylinositol-bisphosphate, ganglioside, cholesterol, and cholesteryl ester. Our results show that all probed lipids could more efficiently be incorporated into the plasma membrane of living cells than by using other methods. Moreover, labeling occurred in a gentle manner under classical cell culture conditions reducing cellular stress responses. Staining procedures were monitored by fluorescence microscopy and it was observed that sphingolipids and cholesterol containing free hydroxyl groups exhibit a decreased distribution velocity as well as a longer persistence in the plasma membrane compared to lipids without hydroxyl groups like phospholipids or other artificial lipid analogs. After membrane staining, the fluorescent molecules were sorted into membranes of cell organelles according to their chemical properties and biological functions without any influence of the delivery system.
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