Noordermeer T, Molhoek JE, Schutgens REG, Sebastian SAE, Drost‐Verhoef S, van Wesel ACW, de Groot PG, Meijers JCM, Urbanus RT. Anti-β2-glycoprotein I and anti-prothrombin antibodies cause lupus anticoagulant through different mechanisms of action.
J Thromb Haemost 2021;
19:1018-1028. [PMID:
33421291 PMCID:
PMC8048633 DOI:
10.1111/jth.15241]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND
The presence of lupus anticoagulant (LA) is an independent risk factor for thrombosis. This laboratory phenomenon is detected as a phospholipid-dependent prolongation of the clotting time and is caused by autoantibodies against beta2-glycoprotein I (β2GPI) or prothrombin. How these autoantibodies cause LA is unclear.
OBJECTIVE
To elucidate how anti-β2GPI and anti-prothrombin antibodies cause the LA phenomenon.
METHODS
The effects of monoclonal anti-β2GPI and anti-prothrombin antibodies on coagulation were analyzed in plasma and with purified coagulation factors.
RESULTS
Detection of LA caused by anti-β2GPI or anti-prothrombin antibodies required the presence of the procofactor factor V (FV) in plasma. LA effect disappeared when FV was replaced by activated FV (FVa), both in a model system and in patient plasma, although differences between anti-β2GPI and anti-prothrombin antibodies were observed. Further exploration of the effects of the antibodies on coagulation showed that the anti-β2GPI antibody attenuated FV activation by activated faxtor X (FXa), whereas the anti-prothrombin antibody did not. Binding studies showed that β2GPI--antibody complexes directly interacted with FV with high affinity. Anti-prothrombin complexes caused the LA phenomenon through competition for phospholipid binding sites with coagulation factors as reduced FXa binding to lipospheres was observed with flow cytometry in the presence of these antibodies.
CONCLUSION
Anti-β2GPI and anti-prothrombin antibodies cause LA through different mechanisms of action: While anti-β2GPI antibodies interfere with FV activation by FXa through a direct interaction with FV, anti-prothrombin antibodies compete with FXa for phospholipid binding sites. These data provide leads for understanding the paradoxical association between thrombosis and a prolonged clotting time in the antiphospholipid syndrome.
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