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Zhang X, Ding Z, He R, Qi J, Zhang Z, Cui B. Complete Paternal Uniparental Disomy of Chromosome 2 in an Asian Female Identified by Short Tandem Repeats and Whole Genome Sequencing. Cytogenet Genome Res 2019; 157:197-202. [PMID: 30991391 DOI: 10.1159/000499893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Uniparental disomy (UPD) is a rare type of chromosomal aberration that has sometimes been detected in paternity testing. We examined a 3-person family (father, mother, daughter) first by using short tandem repeat markers, which revealed 4 markers, TPOX, D2S1338, D2S1772, and D2S441, on chromosome 2 that were not transmitted in a Mendelian style. We then performed whole genome sequencing (WGS) to determine the range of the UPD. Chromosome 2 in the daughter showed a complete paternal UPD. To the best of our knowledge, this is the 4th case of complete paternal UPD of chromosome 2 with no clinical phenotype. Our study suggests that WGS, when performed to enhance the accuracy and reliability of parentage testing, can provide a powerful method to detect an UPD.
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Bruechle NO, Steuernagel P, Zerres K, Kurth I, Eggermann T, Knopp C. Uniparental disomy as an unexpected cause of Meckel-Gruber syndrome: report of a case. Pediatr Nephrol 2017. [PMID: 28620746 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-017-3710-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meckel-Gruber syndrome (MKS, OMIM #607361) is a rare pre- or perinatal lethal autosomal recessive ciliopathy caused by mutations in at least 12 known genes. It has a clinical and genetic overlap with other viable ciliopathies, especially Joubert syndrome and Joubert syndrome-related disorders. MKS is characterized by multicystic kidney dysplasia, central nervous system malformations (usually occipital encephalocele), ductal plate malformation of the liver, and postaxial polydactyly. CASE DIAGNOSIS We identified a homozygous mutation in TMEM67 (MKS3) in a fetus affected by MKS; however, only the mother was a carrier of the respective mutation. Genotyping with polymorphic microsatellite markers and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array revealed a maternal uniparental disomy (UPD) of the entire chromosome 8 (upd(8)mat), harboring TMEM67. CONCLUSIONS This is the first reported case of UPD as a cause of MKS. The possible underlying mechanisms for uniparental disomy (UPD) are reviewed. Even if rare, awareness of UPD and comprehensive work-up in the case of unexpected homozygosity for a recessive mutation is essential for accurate genetic counseling and assessment of the risk of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Ortiz Bruechle
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Steuernagel
- Institute of Human Genetics, Hospital Oldenburg, Rahel-Straus-Straße 10, 26133, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Zerres
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ingo Kurth
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Eggermann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Cordula Knopp
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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Bakshi SR, Brahmbhatt MM, Trivedi PJ, Dalal EN, Patel DM, Purani SS, Shukla SN, Shah PM, Patel PS. Trisomy 8 in leukemia: A GCRI experience. INDIAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS 2012; 18:106-8. [PMID: 22754232 PMCID: PMC3385163 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6866.96673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Trisomy of chromosome 8 is frequently reported in myeloid lineage disorders and also detected in lymphoid neoplasms as well as solid tumors suggesting its role in neoplastic progression in general. It is likely to be a disease-modulating secondary event with underlying cryptic aberrations as it has been frequently reported in addition to known abnormalities contributing to clinical heterogeneity and modifying prognosis. Here, we share our findings of trisomy 8 in leukemia patients referred for diagnostic and prognostic cytogenetic assessment. Total 60 cases of trisomy 8, as a sole anomaly or in addition to other chromosomal aberrations, were reported (January 2005–September 2008). Unstimulated bone marrow or blood samples were cultured, followed by GTG banding and karyotyping as per the ISCN 2005. Patients with +8 were chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) (36), acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (17), and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (7). In 7 patients, trisomy 8 was the sole anomaly, whereas in 6 patients +8 was in addition to normal clone, in 47 patients, the +8 was in addition to t(9;22), t(15;17), and others, including 3 with tetrasomy 8. Only one patient showed constitutional +8. The present study will form the basis of further cumulative studies to correlate potential differential effects of various karyotypic anomalies on disease progression and survival following a therapeutic regime. To unravel the role of extra 8 chromosome, constitutional chromosomal analysis and uniparental disomy will be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal R Bakshi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cell Biology Division, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, NCH Campus, Asarwa, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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The consequences of uniparental disomy and copy number neutral loss-of-heterozygosity during human development and cancer. Biol Cell 2011; 103:303-17. [PMID: 21651501 DOI: 10.1042/bc20110013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UPD (uniparental disomy) describes the inheritance of a pair of chromosomes from only one parent. Mechanisms that lead to UPD include trisomy rescue, gamete complementation, monosomy rescue and somatic recombination. Most of these mechanisms can involve aberrant chromosomes, particularly isochromosomes and Robertsonian translocations. In the last decade, the number of UPD cases reported in the literature has increased exponentially. This is partly due to the advances in genomic technologies that have allowed for high-resolution SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) studies, which have complemented traditional methods relying on polymorphic microsatellite markers. In this review, we discuss aberrant cellular mechanisms leading to UPD and their impact on gene expression. Special emphasis is placed on the unmasking of mutant recessive alleles and the disruption of imprinted gene dosage, which give rise to specific and recurrent imprinting phenotypes. Finally, we discuss how copy number maps determined from SNP array datasets have helped identify not only deletions and duplications but also recurrent copy number neutral regions of loss-of-heterozygosity, which have been reported in many cancer types and that may constitute an important driving force in cancer. These tiny regions of UPD also alter imprinted gene dosage, which may have cumulative tumourgenic effects in addition to that of unmasking homozygous cancer-associated mutations.
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Vantaggiato C, Redaelli F, Falcone S, Perrotta C, Tonelli A, Bondioni S, Morbin M, Riva D, Saletti V, Bonaglia MC, Giorda R, Bresolin N, Clementi E, Bassi MT. A novelCLN8mutation in late-infantile-onset neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (LINCL) reveals aspects of CLN8 neurobiological function. Hum Mutat 2009; 30:1104-16. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.21012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Gupta M, Raghavan M, Gale RE, Chelala C, Allen C, Molloy G, Chaplin T, Linch DC, Cazier JB, Young BD. Novel regions of acquired uniparental disomy discovered in acute myeloid leukemia. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2008; 47:729-39. [PMID: 18506749 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The acquisition of uniparental disomy (aUPD) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) results in homozygosity for known gene mutations. Uncovering novel regions of aUPD has the potential to identify previously unknown mutational targets. We therefore aimed to develop a map of the regions of aUPD in AML. Here, we have analyzed a large set of diagnostic AML samples (n = 454) from young adults (age: 15-55 years) using genotype arrays. Acquired UPD was found in 17% of the samples with a nonrandom distribution particularly affecting chromosome arms 13q, 11p, and 11q. Novel recurrent regions of aUPD were uncovered at 2p, 17p, 2q, 17q, 1p, and Xq. Overall, aUPDs were observed across all cytogenetic risk groups, although samples with aUPD13q (5.4% of samples) belonged exclusively to the intermediate-risk group as defined by cytogenetics. All cases with a high FLT3-ITD level, measured previously, had aUPD13q covering the FLT3 gene. Significantly, none of the samples with FLT3-ITD(-)/FLT3-TKD(+) mutation exhibited aUPD13q. Of the 119 aUPDs observed, the majority (87%) were due to mitotic recombination while only 13% were due to nondisjunction. This study demonstrates aUPD is a frequent and significant finding in AML and pinpoints regions that may contain novel mutational targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu Gupta
- Cancer Genomics Unit, Medical Oncology Centre, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
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Maternally inherited Birk Barel mental retardation dysmorphism syndrome caused by a mutation in the genomically imprinted potassium channel KCNK9. Am J Hum Genet 2008; 83:193-9. [PMID: 18678320 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2008] [Revised: 06/18/2008] [Accepted: 07/02/2008] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a maternally transmitted genomic-imprinting syndrome of mental retardation, hypotonia, and unique dysmorphism with elongated face. We mapped the disease-associated locus to approximately 7.27 Mb on chromosome 8q24 and demonstrated that the disease is caused by a missense mutation in the maternal copy of KCNK9 within this locus. KCNK9 is maternally transmitted (imprinted with paternal silencing) and encodes K(2P)9.1, a member of the two pore-domain potassium channel (K(2P)) subfamily. The mutation fully abolishes the channel's currents--both when functioning as a homodimer or as a heterodimer with K(2P)3.1.
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Cytogenetic and molecular biological characterization of an adult medulloblastoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 178:104-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2007.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2007] [Revised: 06/05/2007] [Accepted: 06/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Paulsson K, Johansson B. Trisomy 8 as the sole chromosomal aberration in acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 55:37-48. [PMID: 16697122 DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2006.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2006] [Accepted: 04/05/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Trisomy 8 as the sole abnormality is the most common karyotypic finding in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), occurring in approximately 5% and 10% of the cytogenetically abnormal cases, respectively. However, despite the high frequency of +8, much remains to be elucidated as regards its epidemiology, etiology, clinical impact, association with other chromosomal abnormalities, cell of origin, and functional and pathogenetic consequences. Here, we summarize and review these various aspects of trisomy 8, focusing on AMLs and MDS harboring this abnormality as a single change.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Paulsson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden.
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Young BD, Debernardi S, Lillington DM, Skoulakis S, Chaplin T, Foot NJ, Raghavan M. A role for mitotic recombination in leukemogenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 46:90-7. [PMID: 16890980 DOI: 10.1016/j.advenzreg.2006.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan D Young
- Cancer Research UK Medical Oncology Laboratory, Barts and the Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary College, Charterhouse Square, London EC1 6BQ, UK.
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Raghavan M, Lillington DM, Skoulakis S, Debernardi S, Chaplin T, Foot NJ, Lister TA, Young BD. Genome-Wide Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Analysis Reveals Frequent Partial Uniparental Disomy Due to Somatic Recombination in Acute Myeloid Leukemias. Cancer Res 2005. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.375.65.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Genome-wide analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms in 64 acute myeloid leukemias has revealed that ∼20% exhibited large regions of homozygosity that could not be accounted for by visible chromosomal abnormalities in the karyotype. Further analysis confirmed that these patterns were due to partial uniparental disomy (UPD). Remission bone marrow was available from five patients showing UPD in their leukemias, and in all cases the homozygosity was found to be restricted to the leukemic clone. Two examples of UPD11p were shown to be of different parental origin as indicated by the methylation pattern of the H19 gene. Furthermore, a previously identified homozygous mutation in the CEBPA gene coincided with a large-scale UPD on chromosome 19. These cryptic chromosomal abnormalities, which seem to be nonrandom, have the characteristics of somatic recombination events and may define an important new subclass of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Raghavan
- Cancer Research UK Medical Oncology Laboratory, Barts and the Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Debra M. Lillington
- Cancer Research UK Medical Oncology Laboratory, Barts and the Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Spyros Skoulakis
- Cancer Research UK Medical Oncology Laboratory, Barts and the Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Silvana Debernardi
- Cancer Research UK Medical Oncology Laboratory, Barts and the Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tracy Chaplin
- Cancer Research UK Medical Oncology Laboratory, Barts and the Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola J. Foot
- Cancer Research UK Medical Oncology Laboratory, Barts and the Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - T. Andrew Lister
- Cancer Research UK Medical Oncology Laboratory, Barts and the Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bryan D. Young
- Cancer Research UK Medical Oncology Laboratory, Barts and the Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Kotzot D, Utermann G. Uniparental disomy (UPD) other than 15: Phenotypes and bibliography updated. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 136:287-305. [PMID: 15957160 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.30483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Uniparental disomy (UPD) describes the inheritance of a pair of chromosomes from only one parent. The concept was introduced in Medical Genetics by Engel (1980); Am J Med Genet 6:137-143. Aside UPD 15, which is the most frequent one, up to now (February 2005) 197 cases with whole chromosome maternal UPD other than 15 (124 X heterodisomy, 59 X isodisomy, and 14 cases without information of the mode of UPD) and 68 cases with whole chromosome paternal UPD other than 15 (13 X heterdisomy, 53 X isodisomy, and 2 cases without information of the mode of UPD) have been reported. In this review we discuss briefly the problems associated with UPD and provide a comprehensive clinical summary with a bibliography for each UPD other than 15 as a guide for genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Kotzot
- Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Baidas S, Chen TJ, Kolev V, Wong LJ, Imholte J, Qin N, Meck J. Constitutional trisomy 8 mosaicism due to meiosis II non-disjunction in a phenotypically normal woman with hematologic abnormalities. Am J Med Genet A 2004; 124A:383-7. [PMID: 14735586 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.20390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Constitutional trisomy 8 mosaicism (CT8M) in liveborns is typically caused by mitotic non-disjunction and exhibits wide phenotypic variability. By contrast, CT8M due to meiotic errors usually results in miscarriage. We describe a case of CT8M due to a paternal meiosis II non-disjunction error. The patient, a 32-year-old woman, was phenotypically normal except for a history of recurrent aphthous ulcers since childhood and a 4-year history of macrocytosis. The ulcers were refractory to steroids, but responded well to thalidomide. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of CT8M due to meiotic non-disjunction in a phenotypically normal individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said Baidas
- Departments of Medicine and Oncology, Georgetown University Hospital, 3800 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC 20007, USA
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Le Caignec C, Boceno M, Jacquemont S, Nguyen The Tich S, Rival JM, David A. Inherited ring chromosome 8 without loss of subtelomeric sequences. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 47:289-96. [PMID: 15337475 DOI: 10.1016/j.anngen.2003.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2003] [Accepted: 10/16/2003] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We report the first case of inherited ring chromosome 8 syndrome without loss of subtelomeric sequences. The proband is a 6 1/2-year-old boy with short stature, microcephaly, mild mental retardation, and behavioral problems including hyperactivity and attention deficit. His mother presented the same physical features but intelligence was normal. Family history also revealed an uncle and a grandmother, with short stature and microcephaly. Moderate mental retardation was reported in the uncle. Karyotypes and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses were performed on peripheral blood lymphocytes for both child and mother. The child's karyotype was reported as 46,XY,r(8)(p23q24.3)[24]/45,XY,-8[2] and the mother's karyotype 46,XX,r(8)(p23q24.3)[22]/45,XX,-8[2]/47,XX,r(8)(p23q24.3), +r(8)(p23q24.3)[1]. FISH studies showed no deletion of subtelomeric sequences for both child and mother indicating that no or little chromosomal euchromatic material has been deleted. These findings indicate that ring chromosome 8 without loss of subtelomeric sequences can be inherited and that carriers in a same family present with cognitive function ranging from mild mental retardation to normal intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric Le Caignec
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Plateau Technique, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, 9, quai Moncousu, 44093 Nantes cedex, France.
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Zlotogorski A, Martinez-Mir A, Green J, Lamdagger H, Panteleyevdagger AA, Sinclair R, Christiano AM. Evidence for pseudodominant inheritance of atrichia with papular lesions. J Invest Dermatol 2002; 118:881-6. [PMID: 11982769 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2002.01740.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Atrichia with papular lesions is a rare form of total alopecia, in which mutations in the hairless gene have been shown to underlie the phenotype. In the literature to date, atrichia with papular lesions has generally been reported to be inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. A few rare cases exist, however, in which parent-to-child transmission of atrichia with papular lesions has been documented. In this study, further investigations were carried out into the molecular basis of atrichia with papular lesions in a family with mother-to-son transmission by searching for mutations in the human hairless gene. Specific ally, we wanted to determine whether this case truly represented an example of dominantly inherited atrichia with papular lesions, or whether another mode of inheritance might be responsible for the disorder in this kindred. Pseudodominant inheritance, for example, occurs when an individual with a known recessive disorder has a clinically unaffected partner, but then unexpectedly gives birth to children who are affected with the same recessive disorder as the affected parent, and can easily be distinguished from classical dominant inheritance with molecular diagnosis and haplotype analysis. In the family reported here, we have determined that both the mother and son are, in fact, homozygous for a novel mutation in the hairless gene, R33X. We provide the first evidence for pseudodominant inheritance in atrichia with papular lesions, and at the same time extend our knowledge of pathogenetic mutations in the human hairless gene. Importantly, this information allows revisions in genetic counseling for risk of transmission for individuals in the family, previously impossible in the absence of knowing the genetic basis of atrichia with papular lesions in this unusual kindred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Zlotogorski
- Department of Dermatology, Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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