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Kim YJ, Lee JH, Lee JK, Yoon SA, Woo SI. Higher prevalence of rotavirus infection among out-born newborns transferred to a regional neonatal intensive care unit in Korea. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:686. [PMID: 36447202 PMCID: PMC9706948 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03753-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rotavirus is one of important pathogens which require infection control in nurseries and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). METHOD We retrospectively reviewed 1,135 out-born newborns who were transferred to a regional tertiary NICU of Chungbuk National University Hospital between January 2012 and December 2016. We assessed the clinical characteristics of newborns based on the results of rotavirus surveillance tests. The prevalence of rotavirus was evaluated according to the year, month, and season. RESULTS Among the 1,135 infants, 213 (18.8%) had positive results in the rotavirus surveillance test. The rotavirus positive group had a significantly higher gestational age, birth weight, and Apgar score. They also had a significantly higher rate of postpartum care centers when compared to the rotavirus negative group (45.5% vs. 12.6%, P < 0.001). Notably, the prevalence of rotavirus was significantly increased from 3.2 to 33.8% when infants were hospitalized 48 h after birth (P < 0.001). During the study period, there were no significant differences in the annual, monthly, or seasonal prevalence of rotavirus infection. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION: These findings suggest that more active screening for rotavirus infection is necessary, especially for out-born newborns admitted to NICUs 48 h after birth or hospitalized after using postpartum care centers in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo-Jin Kim
- grid.254229.a0000 0000 9611 0917Department of Pediatrics, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, 28644 Cheongju, Korea
| | - Ji Hyuk Lee
- grid.254229.a0000 0000 9611 0917Department of Pediatrics, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, 28644 Cheongju, Korea
| | - Joon Kee Lee
- grid.254229.a0000 0000 9611 0917Department of Pediatrics, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, 28644 Cheongju, Korea
| | - Shin Ae Yoon
- grid.254229.a0000 0000 9611 0917Department of Pediatrics, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, 28644 Cheongju, Korea
| | - Sung-Il Woo
- grid.254229.a0000 0000 9611 0917Department of Pediatrics, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, 28644 Cheongju, Korea
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Yoon HS, Lim J, Sohn YH, Kim SY. Incidence, Clinical Characteristics, and Genotype Distribution of Rotavirus in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit 5 Years After Introducing Rotavirus Vaccine. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:850839. [PMID: 35252070 PMCID: PMC8893347 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.850839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rotavirus (RV) is a common cause of viral gastroenteritis in children worldwide. We aimed to investigate the incidence, symptoms, and genotype of RV infection in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in South Korea 5 years after the introduction of RV vaccination to evaluate its effect on newborn infants. METHODS A total of 431 fecal specimens were collected from patients admitted to NICU between April 20, 2012 and September 10, 2013. Enzyme-linked immunoassays were used to detect RV antigen. Nested multiplex polymerase chain reaction was used for genotyping. RESULTS The overall incidence of RV infection was 43.9% and was significantly higher in preterm infants, infants born in the study hospital, low birth weight infants, and cesarean births (P < 0.05). Symptoms of diarrhea, poor feeding, abdominal distension, and apnea were significantly higher in infants with RV infection than those without infection. RV infection gradually increased depending on infant care at home, postpartum clinic, or hospital (26.0, 45.1, and 60.2%, respectively; P = 0.000). The dominant RV genotype in the NICU was G4P[6] at 95.4%. CONCLUSION Current RV vaccines did not affect the incidence of RV infection in newborn and preterm infants in the NICU. Most RV-positive patients in the NICU had symptoms, and the incidence of RV infection was relatively higher in hospitals and postpartum clinics with group life than home. The dominant RV genotype was G4P[6] across study groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Sun Yoon
- Department of Pediatrics, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jiseun Lim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | | | - Seung Yeon Kim
- Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Uijeongbu, South Korea
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Kang HN, Park HK, Lee HJ, Moon JH, Oh JW, Kim CR. Rotavirus infection as a frequent cause of neonatal fever. Pediatr Int 2018; 60:366-371. [PMID: 29290098 DOI: 10.1111/ped.13504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fever rather than diarrhea or vomiting was the most common symptom of neonatal rotavirus (RV) infection in our previous study. We investigated whether RV infection is a major cause of neonatal fever and compared the clinical characteristics of bacterial infection, viral infection and unknown causes of neonatal fever. METHOD We reviewed the electronic medical records of 48 newborns aged ≤28 days who were admitted to the Special Care Nursery of Hanyang University Guri Hospital for fever (≥38°C) from 2005 to 2009. All the newborns underwent complete blood count, urinalysis, C-reactive protein, cultures of blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid as well as stool RV enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Respiratory virus polymerase chain reaction for cough or rhinorrhea, and stool culture for diarrhea were also done. RESULTS All the babies were term, with mean age 13 ± 8 days and peak body temperature 38.5 ± 0.5°C. The causes of neonatal fever were viral (44%), bacterial (10%) and unknown (46%). The viral infections included RV (n = 12), enterovirus (n = 6), respiratory syncytial virus (n = 2), and rhinovirus (n = 1). All the rotavirus genotypes were G4P[6]. Only three of 12 RV-infected febrile newborns had diarrhea. The bacterial infections included three cases of urinary tract infection (Escherichia coli, n = 2; Klebsiella pneumoniae, n = 1), and two cases of sepsis complicated with meningitis (all Streptococcus agalactiae). CONCLUSIONS RV infection is the most common single cause of neonatal fever. It may be necessary to include stool RV tests for febrile newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Na Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University Hospital, Guri, Korea
| | - Hyun Kyung Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Hwa Moon
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Won Oh
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Ryul Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Mun SK, Cho HG, Lee HK, Park SH, Park PH, Yoon MH, Jeong HS, Lim YH. High incidence of group A rotaviruses G4P[6] strains among children in Gyeonggi province of South Korea, from 2009 to 2012. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 44:351-355. [PMID: 27480917 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The genotype distribution of group A rotaviruses (RVAs) circulating in Gyeonggi province, South Korea between 2009 and 2012 was investigated. A total of 2619 stool specimens from sporadic acute gastroenteritis cases and 117 acute gastroenteritis outbreaks were analyzed. Among them, RVAs were detected from 263 (10.0%) sporadic cases and 3 (2.6%) outbreaks. The G4P[6] strains predominated (29.7%), followed by G1P[8] (19.4%), G2P[4] (15.6%), G3P[8] (13.3%) and G9P[8] (6.5%) strain. Especially 96.2% of the genotype G4P[6] strains were isolated from children<1year of age. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that genotype G4P[6] strains were members of sub-lineage Ie(G4) and Ia(P[6]). Intensified monitoring of RVAs, especially G4P[6] strains among young children, is essential to control RVA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Kyoung Mun
- Division of Public Health Research, Gyeonggi Province Institute of Health and Environment, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Han-Gil Cho
- Division of Public Health Research, Gyeonggi Province Institute of Health and Environment, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyung Lee
- Division of Public Health Research, Gyeonggi Province Institute of Health and Environment, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Sin-Hee Park
- Division of Public Health Research, Gyeonggi Province Institute of Health and Environment, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Po-Hyun Park
- Division of Public Health Research, Gyeonggi Province Institute of Health and Environment, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Mi-Hye Yoon
- Division of Public Health Research, Gyeonggi Province Institute of Health and Environment, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hye-Sook Jeong
- Division of Vaccine Research, Center for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Young-Hee Lim
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
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Jalilvand S, Afchangi A, Mohajel N, Roohvand F, Shoja Z. Diversity of VP7 genes of G1 rotaviruses isolated in Iran, 2009–2013. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 37:275-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Kim CR, Oh JW, Yum MK, Lee JH, Kang JO. Rotavirus Infection in Neonates at a University Hospital in Korea. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015; 30:893-5. [DOI: 10.1086/599285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
To develop measures to prevent neonatal rotavirus infection, we carried out rotavirus surveillance testing on all the newborns who were admitted to a newborn nursery in Korea during 1 year. We investigated the characteristics of neonatal rotavirus infection and found that it occurred throughout the year with the G4P[6] strain exclusively. Most newborns were infected nosocomially and showed no symptoms. We concluded that rotavirus might be transmitted from asymptomatic infected newborns who were born outside the hospital. We recommend isolation and rotavirus surveillance testing for all transfer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Ryul Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Korea
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Clark HF, Lawley D, DiStefano D, Maliga M, Kilby B, Kulnis G, Mallette L, DiNubile MJ. An unusual outbreak of rotavirus genotype G2P[6] during the 2005–2006 epidemic season in Philadelphia. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2011; 70:218-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2010.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2010] [Revised: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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HealthCare–Associated Infections in the Nursery. INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE FETUS AND NEWBORN 2011:1126-1143. [PMCID: PMC7152384 DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4160-6400-8.00035-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
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Shim SY, Jung YC, Le VP, Son DW, Ryoo E, Shim JO, Lim I, Kim W. Genetic variation of G4P[6] rotaviruses: evidence for novel strains circulating between the hospital and community. J Med Virol 2010; 82:700-6. [PMID: 20166174 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
One hundred forty-six fecal specimens collected between 2007 and 2008 from infants with acute gastroenteritis were screened for rotavirus by ELISA with VP6-specific antibody. One hundred twenty-three of the samples (84.2%) were confirmed to be positive for group A rotavirus (community-acquired, n = 90 [73.2%] and nosocomial, n = 33 [26.8%]), and were typed subsequently using RT-PCR and sequence analysis methods. Determination of G- and P-type combinations showed that G4P[6] (78.9%) was the most common strain, followed by G3P[8] (7.3%), G1P[8] (6.5%), G2P[4] (0.8%), G2P[6] (0.8%), G1P[6] (0.8%), and G9P[8] (0.8%) strains. Of the 97 G4P[6] strains, 62 (63.8%) were responsible for community-acquired cases and 35 (36.1%) were hospital-acquired cases. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP7 gene from the G4P[6] strains revealed that both the community-acquired and nosocomial strains were segregated to the human rotaviruses circulating world-wide, including the prototype vaccinal strain, ST3, which constituted a novel sublineage in lineage 1. Owing to the recent emergence of G4P[6] rotaviruses within the hospital, as well as in the community, the findings from this study are important since they provide new information concerning the community and nosocomial spread of rotaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Yeon Shim
- Department of Pediatrics, Gachon University Gil Hospital, Incheon, South Korea
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11
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Arora R, Chhabra P, Chitambar SD. Genetic diversity of genotype G1 rotaviruses co-circulating in western India. Virus Res 2009; 146:36-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2009.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2009] [Revised: 07/31/2009] [Accepted: 08/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Lee JT, Lee CN, Shao PL, Chang LY, Lu CY, Lee PI, Chen CM, Lee CY, Huang LM. Clinical Characteristics of Nosocomial Rotavirus Infection in Children in Taiwan. J Formos Med Assoc 2008; 107:791-7. [DOI: 10.1016/s0929-6646(08)60192-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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13
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Detection of unusual rotavirus genotypes G8P[8] and G12P[6] in South Korea. J Med Virol 2007; 80:175-82. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Kang JO, Kim CR, Kilgore PE, Choi TY. G and P genotyping of human rotavirus isolated in a university hospital in Korea: implications for nosocomial infections. J Korean Med Sci 2006; 21:983-8. [PMID: 17179673 PMCID: PMC2721951 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2006.21.6.983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To characterize rotavirus G and P genotypes circulating among infants and young children hospitalized with severe diarrhea in a university hospital in Gyeonggi province, Korea, and to examine any association of the genotypes and nosocomial infections, we genotyped 103 isolates of rotavirus by multiplex RT-PCR. In July 2001-June 2002, we found that globally common strains constituted 64.2% (G2P[4] 28.3%, G3P[8] 28.3%, G4P[8] 5.7%, and G1P[8] 1.9%), and the uncommon strain, G4P[6], constituted 26.4%. During July 2002-June 2003, the percentage of common strains decreased to 44.0% (G3P[8] 18.0%, G2P[4] 16.8%, and G1P[8] 10.0%), but G4P[6] increased to 36.0%. G9P[8] was identified in 10.0% of cases, and thus can be considered an emerging strain in Korea. Eight-eight percent of G4P[6] was isolated from newborn babies. Among the 103 patients, there was an evidence of nosocomial rotavirus infection in 23 children (22.3%). Of these, 19 (82.6%) were newborns infected with G4P[6] strains of rotavirus. Most of the children who acquired rotavirus infection nosocomially showed symptoms of diarrhea, vomiting, fever, poor sucking, or dehydration, regardless of the genotype. This study revealed that G4P[6] has been the major genotype causing nosocomial rotavirus infection in our hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Oak Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, 249-1 Gyomundong, Guri, Korea.
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Lin YP, Chang SY, Kao CL, Huang LM, Chung MY, Yang JY, Chen HY, Taniguchi K, Tsai KS, Lee CN. Molecular epidemiology of G9 rotaviruses in Taiwan between 2000 and 2002. J Clin Microbiol 2006; 44:3686-94. [PMID: 17021098 PMCID: PMC1594809 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02107-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the mid-1990s, novel G9 rotaviruses have been detected in many countries, suggesting that G9 is a globally important serotype. The molecular epidemiology of G9 rotaviruses in Taiwan from 2000 to 2002 was investigated in this study. G9 rotavirus first appeared in 2000 with 4 cases and constituted 33.8% and 54.8% of the rotavirus-positive samples in 2001 and 2002, respectively. These G9 strains belonged to P[8]G9, subgroup II, and long electropherotype, except one belonged to P[4]G9, subgroup II, and short electropherotype. Nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of 52 Taiwanese G9 rotaviruses showed that the VP7 genes shared a high degree of identity to overseas G9 rotaviruses detected after 1993 and that the VP8* portions of the VP4 genes were more closely related to those of local rotaviruses of other G types. The two P[8]G9 strains with high nucleotide identities in the VP7 and the partial VP4 genes, 01TW591 of Taiwan from 2001 and 95H115 of Japan from 1995, varied in four genes, genes 2, 3, 7, and 8, which was revealed by RNA-RNA hybridization. Representative strains for different RNA patterns were also analyzed in the partial VP2 and VP3 genes; the nucleotide identities were high between Taiwanese G9 strains and local G3 or G2 strains. These results suggested that Taiwanese G9 rotaviruses possibly had evolved through reassortment between overseas G9 strains and circulating rotaviruses of other G types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Pei Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No.1, Chang-Te St., Taipei 100, Taiwan.
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Rodríguez-Castillo A, Ramírez-González JE, Padilla-Noriega L, Barrón BL. Analysis of human rotavirus G1P[8] strains by RFLP reveals higher genetic drift in the VP7 than the VP4 gene during a 4-year period in Mexico. J Virol Methods 2006; 138:177-83. [PMID: 17030065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2006.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2005] [Revised: 08/22/2006] [Accepted: 08/31/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated that rotaviruses of the G1P[8] genotype are among the most important worldwide. Sequence analysis of G1P[8] strains has revealed high genetic variability of VP4 and VP7 genes. The aim of this study was to investigate by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis the genetic variability of the VP7 and VP4 genes within rotaviruses of the G1P[8] genotype. A total of 60 rotavirus-positive fecal samples genotyped as G1P[8], were collected from children with acute diarrhea under 5 years of age, between October 1995 and October 1998. The VP7 and VP4 genes were amplified by RT/PCR, using the Beg9/End9 primer pair and the Con3 and Con2 primers, respectively. VP7 amplicons were digested with three restriction enzymes Hae III, Taq I and Rsa I in separate reactions and VP4 amplicons were digested similarly with endonucleases Hinf I, Sau96 I and Rsa I. Analysis of the digested VP7 and VP4 amplicons showed a higher genetic drift for the VP7 gene (18 RFLPs) compared to the VP4 gene (9 RFLPs). The combination of profiles for both VP7 and VP4 amplicons, showed 27 different patterns, none of them similar to the Wa-1 strain. Furthermore, RFLP analysis of these G1P[8] strains, clearly differentiated the viruses into two main clusters, both of them sharing the same restriction pattern for the VP4 gene, and a different one for the VP7 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araceli Rodríguez-Castillo
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Virales, Instituto Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos (InDRE), Secretaría de Salud, Carpio 470, Colonia Santo Tomas, C.P. 11340 México D.F., Mexico
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Arista S, Giammanco GM, De Grazia S, Ramirez S, Lo Biundo C, Colomba C, Cascio A, Martella V. Heterogeneity and temporal dynamics of evolution of G1 human rotaviruses in a settled population. J Virol 2006; 80:10724-33. [PMID: 16928744 PMCID: PMC1641777 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00340-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A rotavirus sample collection from 19 consecutive years was used to investigate the heterogeneity and the dynamics of evolution of G1 rotavirus strains in a geographically defined population. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP7 gene sequences of G1P[8] human rotavirus strains showed the circulation of a heterogeneous population comprising three lineages and seven sublineages. Increases in the circulation of G1 rotaviruses were apparently associated with the introduction of novel G1 strains that exhibited multiple amino acid changes in antigenic regions involved in rotavirus neutralization compared to the strains circulating in the previous years. The emergence and/or introduction of G1 antigenic variants might be responsible for the continuous circulation of G1 rotaviruses in the local population, with the various lineages and sublineages appearing, disappearing, or cocirculating in an alternate fashion under the influence of immune-pressure mechanisms. Sequence analysis of VP4-encoding genes of the G1 strains revealed that the older strains were associated with a unique VP4 lineage, while a novel VP4 lineage emerged after 1995. The introduction of human rotavirus vaccines might alter the forces and balances that drive rotavirus evolution and determine the spread of novel strains that are antigenically different from those included in the vaccine formulations. The continuous emergence of VP7-VP4 gene combinations in human rotavirus strains should be taken into consideration when devising vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serenella Arista
- Dipartimento di Igiene e Microbiologia, via del Vespro 133, 90127, Palermo, Italy.
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Kang JO, Kilgore P, Kim JS, Nyambat B, Kim J, Suh HS, Yoon Y, Jang S, Chang C, Choi S, Kim MN, Gentsch J, Bresee J, Glass R. Molecular Epidemiological Profile of Rotavirus in South Korea, July 2002 through June 2003: Emergence of G4P[6] and G9P[8] Strains. J Infect Dis 2005; 192 Suppl 1:S57-63. [PMID: 16088806 DOI: 10.1086/431502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the distribution of rotavirus strain genotypes in South Korea, rotavirus-positive stool specimens were collected from July 2002 through June 2003 at 8 hospitals in the Korean Rotavirus Strain Surveillance Network, and they were genotyped by means of reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. The globally uncommon G4P[6] type was the most prevalent type identified among strains (27% of strains), the newly emerging G9P[8] strain accounted for 11% of strains, and the globally common genotypes (i.e., G1P[8], G2P[4], G3P[8], and G4P[8]) constituted 55% of the strains characterized. Ninety percent of G4P[6] strains were detected in specimens obtained from neonates. Common genotypes were responsible for the rotavirus epidemic that began in January 2003 and ended in May 2003; however, an early peak in infections with the G4P[6] strain occurred from August through October 2002, and infections with this strain were detected throughout the remaining study period. G4P[6] strains were most commonly identified at 6 urban health care centers, but they were absent from 2 rural health care centers. The newly emerging strain G9P[8] represented a relatively greater proportion of strains identified at a hospital in the central region of Korea and at 2 hospitals in the southern region. The identification of novel rotavirus genotypes in this laboratory-based surveillance study underscores the importance to public health of continued strain surveillance among children for whom prevention of rotavirus infection by vaccination might be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Oak Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Gyunggido, South Korea.
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Hoshino Y, Jones RW, Ross J, Santos N, Kapikian AZ. Human rotavirus strains bearing VP4 gene P[6] allele recovered from asymptomatic or symptomatic infections share similar, if not identical, VP4 neutralization specificities. Virology 2003; 316:1-8. [PMID: 14599785 DOI: 10.1016/s0042-6822(03)00543-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A rotavirus VP4 gene P[6] allele has been documented in a number of countries to be characteristically associated with an endemic predominantly asymptomatic infection in neonates in maternity hospital nurseries. The mechanisms underlying the endemicity and asymptomatic nature of such neonatal infections remain unknown. Rotavirus strains sharing this same P genotype, however, have more recently been recovered from an increasing number of symptomatic diarrheal episodes in infants and young children in various parts of the world. Previously, we have shown that an asymptomatic P[6] rotavirus neonatal infection is not associated with a unique VP7 (G) serotype but may occur in conjunction with various G types. Although amino acid sequence comparisons of the VP4 gene between selected "asymptomatic" and "symptomatic" P[6] rotavirus strains have been reported and yielded information concerning their VP4 genotypes, serotypic comparisons of the outer capsid spike protein VP4 of such viruses have not been studied systematically by two-way cross-neutralizations. We determined the VP4 neutralization specificities of four asymptomatic and four symptomatic P[6] strains: two each of asymptomatic and symptomatic strains by two-way tests, and two each of additional asymptomatic and symptomatic strains by one-way tests. Both asymptomatic and symptomatic P[6] strains were shown to bear similar, if not identical, VP4 neutralization specificities. Thus, P[6] rotavirus strains causing asymptomatic or symptomatic infections did not appear to belong to unique P (VP4) serotypes. In addition, a close VP4 serotypic relationship between human P[6] rotavirus strains and the porcine P[6] rotavirus Gottfried strain was confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutaka Hoshino
- Epidemiology Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-8026, USA.
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Berois M, Libersou S, Russi J, Arbiza J, Cohen J. Genetic variation in the VP7 gene of human rotavirus isolated in Montevideo-Uruguay from 1996-1999. J Med Virol 2003; 71:456-62. [PMID: 12966554 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.10511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The gene encoding the protein VP7 that induces the major neutralizing response has been sequenced from 34 human rotaviruses isolated from children with acute diarrhea in Montevideo (Uruguay) over a 4-year period (1996-1999). These sequences were analyzed and compared to representative corresponding sequences available on databases. In most years, serotype G1 was present as the single serotype, except in 1999 when serotypes G1 and G4 were present simultaneously. Two G1 VP7 lineages were identified. Serotype G2 was present in 1997. The G4 isolates are grouped with Argentine strains and emerged during 1998 in a recently defined sublineage. Neither serotype G3 nor the emerging serotype G9 were isolated during the study. Antigenic domains of isolates and of representative reference strains of each serotype were compared. Sequences of strains isolated during the same year, showed a high degree of homology among strains belonging to the same serotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabel Berois
- UMR CNRS-INRA Virologie Moléculaire et Structurale, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
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