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Chamkouri H, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Chen C, Chen L. Brain photobiomodulation therapy on neurological and psychological diseases. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024; 17:e202300145. [PMID: 37403428 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy is an innovative treatment for neurological and psychological conditions. Complex IV of the mitochondrial respiratory chain can be stimulated by red light, which increases ATP synthesis. In addition, the ion channels' light absorption causes the release of Ca2+, which activates transcription factors and changes gene expression. Neuronal metabolism is improved by brain PBM therapy, which also promotes synaptogenesis and neurogenesis as well as anti-inflammatory. Its depression-treating potential is attracting attention for other conditions, including Parkinson's disease and dementia. Giving enough dosage for optimum stimulation using the transcranial PBM technique is challenging because of the rapidly increasing attenuation of light transmission in tissue. Different strategies like intranasal and intracranial light delivery systems have been proposed to overcome this restriction. The most recent preclinical and clinical data on the effectiveness of brain PBM therapy are studied in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Chamkouri
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Qi Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Yuqin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Anhui No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Changchun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Anhui No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
- Intelligent manufacturing institute of HFUT, Hefei, China
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Khan HM, Liao X, Sheikh BA, Wang Y, Su Z, Guo C, Li Z, Zhou C, Cen Y, Kong Q. Smart biomaterials and their potential applications in tissue engineering. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:6859-6895. [PMID: 36069198 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01106a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Smart biomaterials have been rapidly advancing ever since the concept of tissue engineering was proposed. Interacting with human cells, smart biomaterials can play a key role in novel tissue morphogenesis. Various aspects of biomaterials utilized in or being sought for the goal of encouraging bone regeneration, skin graft engineering, and nerve conduits are discussed in this review. Beginning with bone, this study summarizes all the available bioceramics and materials along with their properties used singly or in conjunction with each other to create scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. A quick overview of the skin-based nanocomposite biomaterials possessing antibacterial properties for wound healing is outlined along with skin regeneration therapies using infrared radiation, electrospinning, and piezoelectricity, which aid in wound healing. Furthermore, a brief overview of bioengineered artificial skin grafts made of various natural and synthetic polymers has been presented. Finally, by examining the interactions between natural and synthetic-based biomaterials and the biological environment, their strengths and drawbacks for constructing peripheral nerve conduits are highlighted. The description of the preclinical outcome of nerve regeneration in injury healed with various natural-based conduits receives special attention. The organic and synthetic worlds collide at the interface of nanomaterials and biological systems, producing a new scientific field including nanomaterial design for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haider Mohammed Khan
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xiaoxia Liao
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Bilal Ahmed Sheikh
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yixi Wang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Zhixuan Su
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.,National Engineering Research Centre for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Chuan Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Zhengyong Li
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Changchun Zhou
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.,National Engineering Research Centre for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Ying Cen
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Qingquan Kong
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
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Del Vecchio A, Tenore G, Luzi MC, Palaia G, Mohsen A, Pergolini D, Romeo U. Laser Photobiomodulation (PBM)-A Possible New Frontier for the Treatment of Oral Cancer: A Review of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9020134. [PMID: 33572840 PMCID: PMC7911589 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9020134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is particularly complex due to its aggressive behavior, location, the patient’s age, and its spread at diagnosis. In recent years, photobiomodulation (PBM) has been introduced in different medical fields; however, its application, in patients suffering from OSCC for palliative support or to induce analgesia, has been hotly debated due to the possibility that the cell growth stimuli induced by PBM could lead to a worsening of the lesions. The aim of this study is to review the literature to observe the available data investigating the effect of PBM on cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. A review was conducted on the PubMed and Scopus databases. A total of twelve studies met the inclusion criteria and were therefore included for quality assessment and data extraction. The analysis showed that the clinical use of PBM is still only partially understood and is, therefore, controversial. Some authors stated that it could be contraindicated for clinical use in patients suffering from SCC, while others noted that it could have beneficial effects. According to the data that emerged from this review, it is possible to hypothesize that there are possibilities for PBM to play a beneficial role in treating cancer patients, but further evidence about its clinical efficacy and the identification of protocols and correct dosages is still needed.
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Tsai SR, Hamblin MR. Biological effects and medical applications of infrared radiation. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2017; 170:197-207. [PMID: 28441605 PMCID: PMC5505738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Infrared (IR) radiation is electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between 760nm and 100,000nm. Low-level light therapy (LLLT) or photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy generally employs light at red and near-infrared wavelengths (600-100nm) to modulate biological activity. Many factors, conditions, and parameters influence the therapeutic effects of IR, including fluence, irradiance, treatment timing and repetition, pulsing, and wavelength. Increasing evidence suggests that IR can carry out photostimulation and photobiomodulation effects particularly benefiting neural stimulation, wound healing, and cancer treatment. Nerve cells respond particularly well to IR, which has been proposed for a range of neurostimulation and neuromodulation applications, and recent progress in neural stimulation and regeneration are discussed in this review. The applications of IR therapy have moved on rapidly in recent years. For example, IR therapy has been developed that does not actually require an external power source, such as IR-emitting materials, and garments that can be powered by body heat alone. Another area of interest is the possible involvement of solar IR radiation in photoaging or photorejuvenation as opposites sides of the coin, and whether sunscreens should protect against solar IR? A better understanding of new developments and biological implications of IR could help us to improve therapeutic effectiveness or develop new methods of PBM using IR wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Ru Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Santana-Blank L, Rodríguez-Santana E, Santana-Rodríguez KE, Reyes H. "Quantum Leap" in Photobiomodulation Therapy Ushers in a New Generation of Light-Based Treatments for Cancer and Other Complex Diseases: Perspective and Mini-Review. Photomed Laser Surg 2016; 34:93-101. [PMID: 26890728 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2015.4015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Set within the context of the 2015 International Year of Light and Light-Based Technologies,and of a growing and aging world population with ever-rising healthcare needs, this perspective and mini-review focuses on photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy as an emerging, cost-effective, treatment option for cancer (i.e., solid tumors) and other complex diseases, particularly, of the eye (e.g., age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, retinitis pigmentosa) and the central nervous system (e.g., Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease). BACKGROUND DATA Over the last decades, primary and secondary mechanisms of PBM have been revealed. These include oxygen-dependent and oxygen-independent structural and functional action pathways. Signal and target characteristics determine biological outcome, which is optimal (or even positive) only within a given set of parameters. METHODS This study was a perspective and nonsystematic literature mini-review. RESULTS Studies support what we describe as a paradigm shift or "quantum leap" in the understanding and use of light and its interaction with water and other relevant photo-cceptors to restore physiologic function. CONCLUSIONS Based on existing evidence, it is argued that PBM therapy can raise the standard of care and improve the quality of life of patients for a fraction of the cost of many current approaches. PBM therapy can, therefore,benefit large, vulnerable population groups, including the elderly and the poor, whilehaving a major impact on medical practice and public finances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Santana-Blank
- Fundalas, Foundation for Interdisciplinary Research and Development, Caracas, Venezuela
| | | | | | - Heberto Reyes
- Fundalas, Foundation for Interdisciplinary Research and Development, Caracas, Venezuela
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Santana-Blank L, Rodríguez-Santana E, Santana-Rodríguez KE. Photobiomodulation of aqueous interfaces: finding evidence to support the exclusion zone in experimental and clinical studies. Photomed Laser Surg 2014; 31:461-2. [PMID: 24047224 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2013.3583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To present clinical and experimental evidence of the role of exclusion zone (EZ) water in photobiomodulation. BACKGROUND Water at the interface of most hydrophilic surfaces forms a solute-free area, or EZ, that can project for hundreds of microns. To date, EZ phenomena had been documented in nafion, resins, and biologic membranes. METHODS Retrospective analysis of published experimental and clinical data using an infrared pulsed laser device (IPLD). RESULTS Photo-induced effects on the water dynamics of burned rat tissue monitored by 1H-NMR transverse relaxation times (1/T2) indicate significantly greater structuring of water. A microdensitometry study of T2 weighted tumor heterogeneities from a phase I clinical trial in patients with advanced neoplasias and an algorithm for tumor characterization also shows significantly increased structuring of water associated with biopolymers and macromolecules. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first known demonstration of the EZ in medicine. Data support the premise that photobiomodulation can increase potential energy in the EZ, which then acts as an energy repository that can selectively supplement cell energy demands. It further suggests EZ structuring may be used as a predicator of anticancer response before measurable tumor volume reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Santana-Blank
- Fundalas, Foundation for Interdisciplinary Research and Development , Caracas, Venezuela
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Santana-Blank L, Rodríguez–Santana E, Reyes H, Santana-Rodríguez J, Santana-Rodríguez K. Water-light interaction: A novel pathway for multi hallmark therapy in cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER THERAPY AND ONCOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.14319/ijcto.0201.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Santana-Blank L, Rodríguez-Santana E, Santana-Rodríguez KE. Photobiomodulation of aqueous interfaces as selective rechargeable bio-batteries in complex diseases: personal view. Photomed Laser Surg 2012; 30:242-9. [PMID: 22429016 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2011.3123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this personal view, we propose that the modulation of the structure and function of water by light may come to embody a new mechanistic approach for the treatment of complex diseases. BACKGROUND DATA Long considered an innocuous medium, water has increasingly been found to be a key player in numerous mechanisms, including first-contact events in which cells decide between survival and apoptosis. Consequently, externally applied electromagnetic energy (light) may selectively target the organization of water to steer biological function. METHODS We survey light-water research with particular emphasis on the quasi-crystalline exclusion zone (EZ), part of the cell's aqueous interface that is just now beginning to be decoded. The current state of research, the technical challenges involved in obtaining evidence in biological systems, and some potential uses and implications of EZ water in medicine are presented. RESULTS Though existing data have not yet proven the role of EZ water in photobiomodulation, research shows that EZ water can store charge and can later return it in the form of current flow, with as much as 70% of the input charge being readily obtainable. Macroscopic separation of charges can be stable for days to weeks and has unusual electric potential. Water is, thus, an unexpectedly effective charge separation and storage medium. CONCLUSIONS We propose that the EZ may be selectively targeted in photobiomodulation as an efficient energy reservoir, which cells can use expeditiously to fuel cellular work, triggering signaling pathways and gene expression in the presence of injury-induced redox potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Santana-Blank
- Fundalas, Foundation for Interdisciplinary Research and Development, Caracas, Venezuela.
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Santana-Blank L, Rodríguez-Santana E. The interaction of light with nanoscopic layers of water may be essential to the future of photobiomodulation. Photomed Laser Surg 2010; 28 Suppl 1:S173-4. [PMID: 20666576 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2009.2745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Santana-Blank L, Rodríguez-Santana E, Santana-Rodríguez K. Theoretic, experimental, clinical bases of the water oscillator hypothesis in near-infrared photobiomodulation. Photomed Laser Surg 2010; 28 Suppl 1:S41-52. [PMID: 20649429 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2009.2647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this review is to propose and document a role for the water oscillator in near-infrared (NIR) photobiomodulation. Greater understanding of the role of the water oscillator may add to a more-coherent description of central effects of NIR light on redox centers and key transmembrane enzymes such as cytochrome c oxidase (CcO). In addition, water provides a complementary pathway for absorption and transportation of NIR energy in photobiomodulation. Because of its unexpected potential, we propose terming it the "water oscillator paradox." Photobiologic mechanisms involved in the treatment of complex diseases are discussed in light of the present state of the art.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Santana-Blank
- Fundalas, Foundation Interdisciplinary for Research and Development, Caracas, Venezuela.
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Da Silva NS, Potrich JW. Effect of GaAlAs laser irradiation on enzyme activity. Photomed Laser Surg 2010; 28:431-4. [PMID: 19857051 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2008.2410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the influence of laser irradiation on enzyme activity. BACKGROUND DATA Enzymes are catalysts of extraordinary efficiency, able to accelerate reactions by manifold. Enzyme laser light activation is currently a fast-growing field and a large number of studies have been produced. MATERIALS AND METHODS Liquid CNPG amylase and control serum (Qualitrol 1H) were used in the experiments. Laboratory analysis of alpha-amylase was performed on two sample groups: (i) E + S and (ii) E + S + L, in six repetitions per irradiation dose. Group 2 was irradiated with gallium-aluminum-arsenide (GaAlAs) 904 nm at doses of 0.01, 0.1, 0.5, and 1 J/cm(2). Enzyme activity was read using a spectrophotometer equipped with a thermostatic chamber capable of precise absorbance measurement at 405 nm. RESULTS The results were analyzed with the Student's t-test, and the percentage of enzyme activity was determined. Photomodulation of alpha-amylase activity by GaAlAs laser was analyzed following irradiation with different doses. Irradiation doses from 0.01 to 1 J/cm(2) led to differences in enzyme activity: 0.01 J/cm(2) (0.10%), 0.1 J/cm(2) (13.44%), 0.5 J/cm(2) (12.57%), and 1 J/cm(2) (-6.10%). CONCLUSION Irradiation doses of 0.1 J/cm(2) and 0.5 J/cm(2) led to statistically significant increases in enzyme activity in comparison to the control. The similar curves of the effects of temperature and pH on enzymatic activity observed in this study suggest that laser irradiation also possess an optimum dose to modulate the enzymatic activity. That is, enzymes have an optimum laser dose (or range) at which their activity is maximal, whereas at higher or lower doses activity decreases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Newton Soares Da Silva
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular & Tecidual, Instituto de Pesquisa & Desenvolvimento, UNIVAP, São José dos Campos, Brazil.
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Santana-Blank LA, Rodríguez-Santana E, Santana-Rodríguez KE. Photo-infrared pulsed bio-modulation (PIPBM): a novel mechanism for the enhancement of physiologically reparative responses. Photomed Laser Surg 2005; 23:416-24. [PMID: 16144487 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2005.23.416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present manuscript describes the non-invasive, long-range, energy transport of a singular infrared pulsed laser device (IPLD) and the upstream components of the original action mechanism, designated photo-infrared pulsed bio-modulation (PIPBM). BACKGROUND DATA Major strides have been taken in recent years towards scientifically acceptable clinical applications of low-energy lasers. Nevertheless, challenges still abound. For instance, the range of potential target tissues for laser therapy in medicine has been, until now, limited by the optical penetration of the beam or to sites accessible by fiberoptics. In addition, much needs to be learned about the action mechanisms of pulsed lasers, which can induce unique biological effects. METHODS We present a review of the IPLD laser technology and the PIPBM mechanism. RESULTS The studies reviewed suggest that the PIPBM enhances physiologically reparative processes in a non-toxic and selective manner through the activation and modulation of chaotic dynamics in water. These, in turn, lead not only to local, but also long-distance (systemic) effects. CONCLUSIONS Though additional studies are necessary to fully explore the biological effects of the PIPBM induced by the IPLD, this mechanism may have multiple potential applications in medicine that are the subject of active current and future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Santana-Blank
- Fundalas, Foundation for Interdisciplinary Research and Development, Caracas, Venezuela.
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Santana-Blank L. Contraindications in noninvasive laser therapy: truth and fiction. Photomed Laser Surg 2005; 22:442; author reply 442. [PMID: 15671721 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2004.22.442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Santana-Blank L. Effects of an infrared pulsed laser device (IPLD) over apoptosis in cancer cells. Bioelectromagnetics 2005; 26:523-4. [PMID: 16108041 DOI: 10.1002/bem.20130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Santana-Blank LA, Reyes H, Rodríguez-Santana E, Santana-Rodríguez KE. Microdensitometry of T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images from patients with advanced neoplasias in a phase I clinical trial of an infrared pulsed laser device (IPLD). Lasers Surg Med 2004; 34:398-406. [PMID: 15216533 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.20068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether an infrared pulsed laser device (IPLD)-induced pathophysiologic changes could be identified before measurable modifications in tumor volume. STUDY DESIGN/PATIENTS AND METHODS Pre-and post-IPLD treatment magnetic resonance (MR) images of tumor heterogeneities and peritumoral tissues were digitized and a linear transformation was performed to convert images to 256 intensity levels. Data were analyzed by using the Student's t-test and the Kolmogorov-Sminov test (alpha = 0.05). RESULTS The post-treatment mean intensity values of tumor heterogeneities increased significantly (P < 0.001) for all of the seven patients (n = 7) evaluated. For peritumoral tissues, a significant increase (P < 0.001) was measured in four patients (n = 4). The Kolmogorov-Sminov test showed significant values for the tumor tissue of six (n = 6) patients. CONCLUSION This is the first study of early evidence of anti-cancer activity of a novel IPLD showing a significant increase in the water content of tumor heterogeneities before measurable changes in tumor volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Santana-Blank
- Fundalas, Foundation for Interdisciplinary Research and Development, Caracas Venezuela.
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Rodríguez-Santana E, Santana-Blank LA, Reyes H, Santana-Rodríguez KE, Hunger M, Orellana R, Ortega D. H-NMR spin-lattice and correlation times of burned soft-tissue after treatment with an infrared pulsed laser device. Lasers Surg Med 2004; 33:190-8. [PMID: 12949949 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.10209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the spin-lattice (T(1), 1/T(1)) and correlation times (tau(c)) of burned soft-tissue after treatment with an infrared (IR) pulsed laser device (IPLD, 904 nm pulsed at 3 MHz). STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS Seven groups (GI-GVII), each consisting of four albino rats, were used. Groups I-VI were anesthetized and burned with a hot tip: GI, GIII, GV were not irradiated; GII, GIV, GVI were irradiated at 0; 0 and 24; and 0, 24, and 48 hours, respectively. A control group (GVII) was neither burned nor irradiated. Samples from all groups were evaluated using a 90 MHz hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (H-NMR) spectrometer. An unpaired Student's t-test and an ANOVA I were preformed (alpha = 0.05). RESULTS At 0 and 24 hours, 1/T(1) and tau(c) data revealed significant differences between GVII and both the non-irradiated (GI, GIII), and irradiated (GII, GIV) groups. At 48 hours, only the difference in tau(c) between GVII and the irradiated group (GVI) remained significant. CONCLUSIONS Spin-lattice data reflected significant changes in tissues induced by the burn and a tendency towards control values for all burned groups. Meanwhile, the tau(c) value of GVI suggests the possibility of enhanced reparative effects attributable to chaotic intra- and inter-molecular energy transport to biopolymers in injured soft-tissue.
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Santana-Blank L. Modulated low-energy near-infrared (NIR) lasers and cancer: an invitation to discuss a new treatment approach. Lasers Surg Med 2003; 32:1-2. [PMID: 12516063 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.10143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Santana-Blank LA, Rodríguez-Santana E, Vargas F, Santana-Rodríguez KE. Photo-induced cytomorphologic changes in an advanced cancer phase I clinical trial. Lasers Surg Med 2002; 30:18-25. [PMID: 11857599 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.10017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate whether the application of an Infrared Pulsed Laser Device (IPLD) photo-induced significant cytomorphologic changes during the monitoring of advanced cancer patients participating in a phase I clinical trial. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients were irradiated with an IPLD (904 nm pulsed at 3 MHz) under a one-dose, one-schedule, and one-procedure design. Total daily dose consisted of a Radiant Exposure of 4.5x10(5) J/m(2). Thirty-one tissue samples from eleven patients with progressive solid neoplastic diseases (TNM IV, UICC) were obtained at three intervals: Time 0 (15-90 days pre-treatment, n=11); Time I (2-5 months post-treatment; n=11); Time II (6-12 months post-treatment, n=09). Three blinded pathologists evaluated samples; scores were determined by consensus. Data were evaluated by using the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test and Spearman rank correlation coefficient. The level of statistical significance was alpha=0.05. RESULTS Increased apoptosis (Time I, P<0.003; Time II, P<0.007), necrosis (Time I, NS; Time II, P<0.01), cytoplasmic vacuoles (Time I, P<0.03; Time II, P<0.02), and nuclear vacuoles (Time I, NS; Time II, P<0.01), reduced cell size (Time I, P<0.007; Time II, P<0.01) and intercellular adhesion (Time I, P<0.01; Time II, P<0.02) were present in neoplastic cells after IPLD treatment. No apparent changes were noted in non-neoplastic cells. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient between apoptosis, necrosis, nuclear vacuoles, cytoplasmatic vacuoles, intercellular adhesion, and cell size was positive and highly significant (P<0.006). CONCLUSIONS Although further research is necessary, our preliminary results support the novel possibility that the IPLD photo-induces chaotic dynamics that modulate complex physiologically reparative bioeffects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Santana-Blank
- Fundalas, Foundation for Interdisciplinary Research and Development, Caracas, Venezuela.
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