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Ugalde-Olano A, Egia A, Fernández-Ruiz S, Loizaga-Iriarte A, Zuñiga-García P, Garcia S, Royo F, Lacasa-Viscasillas I, Castro E, Cortazar AR, Zabala-Letona A, Martín-Martín N, Arruabarrena-Aristorena A, Torrano-Moya V, Valcárcel-Jiménez L, Sánchez-Mosquera P, Caro-Maldonado A, González-Tampan J, Cachi-Fuentes G, Bilbao E, Montero R, Fernández S, Arrieta E, Zorroza K, Castillo-Martín M, Serra V, Salazar E, Macías-Cámara N, Tabernero J, Baselga J, Cordón-Cardo C, Aransay AM, Villar AD, Iovanna JL, Falcón-Pérez JM, Unda M, Bilbao R, Carracedo A. Methodological aspects of the molecular and histological study of prostate cancer: focus on PTEN. Methods 2015; 77-78:25-30. [PMID: 25697760 PMCID: PMC4503808 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is among the most frequent cancers in men, and despite its high rate of cure, the high number of cases results in an elevated mortality worldwide. Importantly, prostate cancer incidence is dramatically increasing in western societies in the past decades, suggesting that this type of tumor is exquisitely sensitive to lifestyle changes. Prostate cancer frequently exhibits alterations in the PTEN gene (inactivating mutations or gene deletions) or at the protein level (reduced protein expression or altered sub-cellular compartmentalization). The relevance of PTEN in this type of cancer is further supported by the fact that the sole deletion of PTEN in the murine prostate epithelium recapitulates many of the features of the human disease. In order to study the molecular alterations in prostate cancer, we need to overcome the methodological challenges that this tissue imposes. In this review we present protocols and methods, using PTEN as proof of concept, to study different molecular characteristics of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ainara Egia
- Basque Biobank, Basque Foundation for Health Innovation and Research-BIOEF, Barakaldo, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Stephane Garcia
- Centre de Recherche en Carcérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM UMR 1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille University and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Félix Royo
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, 801 Building, 48160 Derio, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Spain
| | | | - Erika Castro
- Basque Biobank, Basque Foundation for Health Innovation and Research-BIOEF, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Ana R Cortazar
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, 801 Building, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Elena Bilbao
- Department of Urology, Basurto University Hospital, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Rocío Montero
- Department of Urology, Basurto University Hospital, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Sara Fernández
- Department of Pathology, Basurto University Hospital, 48013 Bilbao, Spain; Basque Biobank, Basque Foundation for Health Innovation and Research-BIOEF, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Edurne Arrieta
- Basque Biobank, Basque Foundation for Health Innovation and Research-BIOEF, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Kerman Zorroza
- Basque Biobank, Basque Foundation for Health Innovation and Research-BIOEF, Barakaldo, Spain
| | | | - Violeta Serra
- Molecular Therapeutics Research Unit, Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eider Salazar
- Basque Biobank, Basque Foundation for Health Innovation and Research-BIOEF, Barakaldo, Spain
| | | | - Jose Tabernero
- Molecular Therapeutics Research Unit, Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Baselga
- Molecular Therapeutics Research Unit, Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carlos Cordón-Cardo
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ana M Aransay
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, 801 Building, 48160 Derio, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Spain
| | - Amaia Del Villar
- Basque Biobank, Basque Foundation for Health Innovation and Research-BIOEF, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Juan L Iovanna
- Centre de Recherche en Carcérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM UMR 1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille University and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Juan M Falcón-Pérez
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, 801 Building, 48160 Derio, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Miguel Unda
- Department of Urology, Basurto University Hospital, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Roberto Bilbao
- Basque Biobank, Basque Foundation for Health Innovation and Research-BIOEF, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Arkaitz Carracedo
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, 801 Building, 48160 Derio, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain.
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Unhale SA, Skubitz AP, Solomon R, Hubel A. Stabilization of Tissue Specimens for Pathological Examination and Biomedical Research. Biopreserv Biobank 2012; 10:493-500. [DOI: 10.1089/bio.2012.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sanket A. Unhale
- Biopreservation Core Resource, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Amy P.N. Skubitz
- Biopreservation Core Resource, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Robin Solomon
- Department of Pathology, Veterans Administration Hospital, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Allison Hubel
- Biopreservation Core Resource, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Santos CF, Kurhanewicz J, Tabatabai ZL, Simko JP, Keshari KR, Gbegnon A, Santos RD, Federman S, Shinohara K, Carroll PR, Haqq CM, Swanson MG. Metabolic, pathologic, and genetic analysis of prostate tissues: quantitative evaluation of histopathologic and mRNA integrity after HR-MAS spectroscopy. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2010; 23:391-8. [PMID: 20033906 PMCID: PMC2891902 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2009] [Revised: 09/04/2009] [Accepted: 10/04/2009] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The impact of high-resolution magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) spectroscopy on the histopathologic and mRNA integrity of human prostate tissues was evaluated. Forty prostate tissues were harvested at transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided biopsy (n = 20) or radical prostatectomy surgery (n = 20), snap-frozen on dry ice, and stored at -80°C until use. Twenty-one samples (n = 11 biopsy, n = 10 surgical) underwent HR-MAS spectroscopy prior to histopathologic and cDNA microarray analysis, while 19 control samples (n = 9 biopsy, n = 10 surgical) underwent only histopathologic and microarray analysis. Frozen tissues were sectioned at 14-µm intervals and placed on individual histopathology slides. Every 8th slide was stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and used to target areas of predominantly epithelial tissue on the remaining slides for mRNA integrity and cDNA microarray analysis. Histopathologic integrity was graded from 1 (best) to 5 (worst) by two 'blinded' pathologists. Histopathologic integrity scores were not significantly different for post-surgical tissues (HR-MAS vs controls); however, one pathologist's scores were significantly lower for biopsy tissues following HR-MAS while the other pathologist's scores were not. mRNA integrity assays were performed using an Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer and the electrophoretic traces were scored with an RNA integrity number (RIN) from 1 (degraded) to 10 (intact). RIN scores were not significantly different for surgical tissues, but were significantly lower for biopsy tissues following HR-MAS spectroscopy. The isolated mRNA then underwent two rounds of amplification, conversion to cDNA, coupling to Cy3 and Cy5 dyes, microarray hybridization, imaging, and analysis. Significance analysis of microarrays (SAM) identified no significantly over- or under-expressed genes, including 14 housekeeping genes, between HR-MAS and control samples of surgical and biopsy tissues (5% false discovery rate). This study demonstrates that histopathologic and genetic microarray analysis can be successfully performed on prostate surgical and biopsy tissues following HR-MAS analysis; however, biopsy tissues are more fragile than surgical tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carissa F. Santos
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Correspondence to: J. Kurhanewicz, Professor of Radiology, Urology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, Byers Hall, Box 2520, 1700 4th Street, Room 203E, San Francisco, CA 94158-2330, USA.
| | - Z. Laura Tabatabai
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- San Francisco Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeffry P. Simko
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kayvan R. Keshari
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Akpene Gbegnon
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Scot Federman
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Katsuto Shinohara
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Peter R. Carroll
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christopher M. Haqq
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Cougar Biotechnology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mark G. Swanson
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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