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Lu F, Ye M, Hu C, Chen J, Yan L, Gu D, Xu L, Tian Y, Bai J, Tang Q. FABP5 regulates lipid metabolism to facilitate pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms progression via FASN mediated Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Cancer Sci 2023; 114:3553-3567. [PMID: 37302809 PMCID: PMC10475765 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNENs) are among the most frequently occurring neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) and require targeted therapy. High levels of fatty acid binding protein 5 (FABP5) are involved in tumor progression, but its role in pNENs remains unclear. We investigated the mRNA and protein levels of FABP5 in pNEN tissues and cell lines and found them to be upregulated. We evaluated changes in cell proliferation using CCK-8, colony formation, and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine assays and examined the effects on cell migration and invasion using transwell assays. We found that knockdown of FABP5 suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion of pNEN cell lines, while overexpression of FABP5 had the opposite effect. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments were performed to clarify the interaction between FABP5 and fatty acid synthase (FASN). We further showed that FABP5 regulates the expression of FASN via the ubiquitin proteasome pathway and both proteins facilitate the progression of pNENs. Our study demonstrated that FABP5 acts as an oncogene by promoting lipid droplet deposition and activating the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway. Moreover, the carcinogenic effects of FABP5 can be reversed by orlistat, providing a novel therapeutic intervention option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyu Lu
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, Neuroendocrine Tumor Center, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Institute of Neuroendocrine TumorNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Mujie Ye
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, Neuroendocrine Tumor Center, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Institute of Neuroendocrine TumorNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Chunhua Hu
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, Neuroendocrine Tumor Center, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Institute of Neuroendocrine TumorNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jinhao Chen
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, Neuroendocrine Tumor Center, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Institute of Neuroendocrine TumorNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Lijun Yan
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, Neuroendocrine Tumor Center, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Institute of Neuroendocrine TumorNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Danyang Gu
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, Neuroendocrine Tumor Center, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Institute of Neuroendocrine TumorNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, Neuroendocrine Tumor Center, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Institute of Neuroendocrine TumorNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, Neuroendocrine Tumor Center, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Institute of Neuroendocrine TumorNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jianan Bai
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, Neuroendocrine Tumor Center, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Institute of Neuroendocrine TumorNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Qiyun Tang
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, Neuroendocrine Tumor Center, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Institute of Neuroendocrine TumorNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
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Zhang M, Pu D, Shi G, Li J. The clinical and pathological characteristics of lipid-rich carcinoma of the breast: an analysis of 98 published patients. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:301. [PMID: 37291546 PMCID: PMC10249164 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02449-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the small number of cases and few literature reports, the clinical treatment and prognosis of lipid-rich carcinoma of the breast are not summarized, which will lead to misdiagnosis and mistreatment and delay the patient's condition. This study collected published case reports and analyzed the clinical characteristics of lipid-rich carcinoma of the breast in order to provide reference for early diagnosis and treatment of the disease. METHODS We performed a search using the PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, Embase, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases for publicly published case reports of lipid-rich carcinoma of the breast and obtained basic information of the patients such as country, age, sex, onset site, surgical method, pathology, postoperative treatment, follow-up time, and outcome (Table 9). The data were analyzed using Statistical Product Service Solutions (SPSS). RESULTS The mean age of the patients at diagnosis was 52.79 years and the median age was 53 years. Breast masses were the main clinical manifestations, with the upper outer quadrant (53.42%) being the most common. The treatment for lipid-rich carcinoma of the breast is mainly surgery plus postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy. According to the results of this study, the surgical method recommended modified radical mastectomy (46.59%). Lymph node metastasis was found in 50.60% of the patients at the time of the first diagnosis. Patients who received postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy had the highest disease-free survival and overall survival. CONCLUSION Lipid-rich carcinoma of the breast has a short course of disease and early lymphatic or blood metastasis, and its prognosis is poor. In this study, we summarize the clinical and pathological characteristics to provide ideas for the early diagnosis and treatment of lipid-rich carcinoma of the breast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Zhang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 16369 Jingshi Road, Lixia District, Jinan City, 250014 Shandong Province China
| | - Dongqing Pu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 16369 Jingshi Road, Lixia District, Jinan City, 250014 Shandong Province China
| | - Guangxi Shi
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 16369 Jingshi Road, Lixia District, Jinan City, 250014 Shandong Province China
| | - Jingwei Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 16369 Jingshi Road, Lixia District, Jinan City, 250014 Shandong Province China
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Kou Y, Geng F, Guo D. Lipid Metabolism in Glioblastoma: From De Novo Synthesis to Storage. Biomedicines 2022; 10:1943. [PMID: 36009491 PMCID: PMC9405736 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal primary brain tumor. With limited therapeutic options, novel therapies are desperately needed. Recent studies have shown that GBM acquires large amounts of lipids for rapid growth through activation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1), a master transcription factor that regulates fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis, and cholesterol uptake. Interestingly, GBM cells divert substantial quantities of lipids into lipid droplets (LDs), a specific storage organelle for neutral lipids, to prevent lipotoxicity by increasing the expression of diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) and sterol-O-acyltransferase 1 (SOAT1), which convert excess fatty acids and cholesterol to triacylglycerol and cholesteryl esters, respectively. In this review, we will summarize recent progress on our understanding of lipid metabolism regulation in GBM to promote tumor growth and discuss novel strategies to specifically induce lipotoxicity to tumor cells through disrupting lipid storage, a promising new avenue for treating GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Kou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ohio State Comprehensive Cancer Center, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, College of Medicine at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43012, USA
| | - Feng Geng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ohio State Comprehensive Cancer Center, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, College of Medicine at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43012, USA
| | - Deliang Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ohio State Comprehensive Cancer Center, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, College of Medicine at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43012, USA
- Center for Cancer Metabolism, James Comprehensive Cancer Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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4
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Lipid Droplet Accumulation Independently Predicts Poor Clinical Prognosis in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205251. [PMID: 34680399 PMCID: PMC8533764 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary High-grade serous carcinoma (HGSOC) is the most aggressive subtype of ovarian cancer and accounts for the vast majority of advanced stage cases. Intracellular accumulation of lipids as lipid droplets has been recognized as one of the characteristics of cancers and implicated in poor prognosis of several cancers, such as human melanomas. Here, we investigated the relationship between prognosis and lipid accumulation in HGSOC, and found that enhanced lipid accumulation in HGSOC tissues significantly correlated with poor prognosis. In cell-based assays with human ovarian cancer cells, we provide evidence that aerobic glycolysis, which is one of the characteristic metabolic abnormalities in cancer, induced lipid accumulation within cancer cells and targeting the lipid accumulation could suppress cancer cell proliferation. Thus, our results propose abnormal lipid accumulation as a negative indicator of HGSOC prognosis and a novel therapeutic target. Abstract High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is an epithelial cancer that accounts for most ovarian cancer deaths. Metabolic abnormalities such as extensive aerobic glycolysis and aberrant lipid metabolism are well-known characteristics of cancer cells. Indeed, accumulation of lipid droplets (LDs) in certain types of malignant tumors has been known for more than 50 years. Here, we investigated the correlation between LD accumulation and clinical prognosis. In 96 HGSOC patients, we found that high expression of the LD marker adipophilin was associated with poor progression-free and overall survival (p = 0.0022 and p = 0.014, respectively). OVCAR-3 ovarian carcinoma cells accumulated LDs in a glucose-dependent manner, which suggested the involvement of aerobic glycolysis and subsequently enhanced lipogenesis, with a result being LD accumulation. The acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase 1 inhibitor K604 and the hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor pitavastatin blocked LD accumulation in OVCAR-3 cells and reduced phosphorylation of the survival-related kinases Akt and ERK1/2, both of which have been implicated in malignancy. Our cell-based assays thus suggested that enhanced aerobic glycolysis resulted in LD accumulation and activation of survival-related kinases. Overall, our results support the idea that cancers with lipogenic phenotypes are associated with poor clinical prognosis, and we suggest that adipophilin may serve as an independent indicator of a poor prognosis in HGSOC.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Breast cancer is a collection of diseases including the more common invasive ductal and lobular carcinomas and rarer subtypes of breast cancer. This review summarizes the features of rare breast cancers. RECENT FINDINGS Each of the rare tumors has defined pathological and clinical features that impact treatment recommendations. In this review, we summarize these for each rare type of breast cancer and where available we include molecular features of each tumor. Rare subtypes of breast cancer each have unique features. In many cases, data is limited for the optimal treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jenkins
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Medical Oncology Service, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Megan E Kachur
- Pathology Department, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, 20889, USA
| | - Kamil Rechache
- Medical Oncology Service, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Justin M Wells
- Pathology Department, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, 20889, USA.
| | - Stanley Lipkowitz
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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6
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Sheeley MP, Andolino C, Kiesel VA, Teegarden D. Vitamin D regulation of energy metabolism in cancer. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:2890-2905. [PMID: 33651382 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D exerts anti-cancer effects in recent clinical trials and preclinical models. The actions of vitamin D are primarily mediated through its hormonal form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2 D). Previous literature describing in vitro studies has predominantly focused on the anti-tumourigenic effects of the hormone, such as proliferation and apoptosis. However, recent evidence has identified 1,25(OH)2 D as a regulator of energy metabolism in cancer cells, where requirements for specific energy sources at different stages of progression are dramatically altered. The literature suggests that 1,25(OH)2 D regulates energy metabolism, including glucose, glutamine and lipid metabolism during cancer progression, as well as oxidative stress protection, as it is closely associated with energy metabolism. Mechanisms involved in energy metabolism regulation are an emerging area in which vitamin D may inhibit multiple stages of cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline P Sheeley
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Chaylen Andolino
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Violet A Kiesel
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Dorothy Teegarden
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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Povero D, Johnson SM, Liu J. Hypoxia, hypoxia-inducible gene 2 (HIG2)/HILPDA, and intracellular lipolysis in cancer. Cancer Lett 2020; 493:71-79. [PMID: 32818550 PMCID: PMC11218043 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor tissues are chronically exposed to hypoxia owing to aberrant vascularity. Hypoxia induces metabolic alterations in cancer, thereby promoting aggressive malignancy and metastasis. While previous efforts largely focused on adaptive responses in glucose and glutamine metabolism, recent studies have begun to yield important insight into the hypoxic regulation of lipid metabolic reprogramming in cancer. Emerging evidence points to lipid droplet (LD) accumulation as a hallmark of hypoxic cancer cells. One critical underlying mechanism involves the inhibition of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL)-mediated intracellular lipolysis by a small protein encoded by hypoxia-inducible gene 2 (HIG2), also known as hypoxia inducible lipid droplet associated (HILPDA). In this review we summarize and discuss recent key findings on hypoxia-dependent regulation of metabolic adaptations especially lipolysis in cancer. We also pose several questions and hypotheses pertaining to the metabolic impact of lipolytic regulation in cancer under hypoxia and during hypoxia-reoxygenation transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Povero
- From Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Scott M Johnson
- From Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA; Mayo Clinic College of Medicine & Science, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA; Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Jun Liu
- From Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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Shang C, Qiao J, Guo H. The dynamic behavior of lipid droplets in the pre-metastatic niche. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:990. [PMID: 33203856 PMCID: PMC7672095 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03207-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The pre-metastatic niche is a favorable microenvironment for the colonization of metastatic tumor cells in specific distant organs. Lipid droplets (LDs, also known as lipid bodies or adiposomes) have increasingly been recognized as lipid-rich, functionally dynamic organelles within tumor cells, immune cells, and other stromal cells that are linked to diverse biological functions and human diseases. Moreover, in recent years, several studies have described the indispensable role of LDs in the development of pre-metastatic niches. This review discusses current evidence related to the biogenesis, composition, and functions of LDs related to the following characteristics of the pre-metastatic niche: immunosuppression, inflammation, angiogenesis/vascular permeability, lymphangiogenesis, organotropism, reprogramming. We also address the function of LDs in mediating pre-metastatic niche formation. The potential of LDs as markers and targets for novel antimetastatic therapies will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunliang Shang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Qiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, 100191, Beijing, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, 100191, Beijing, China. .,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, 100191, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, 100191, Beijing, China. .,Research Units of Comprehensive Diagnosis and Treatment of Oocyte Maturation Arrest, 100191, Beijing, China.
| | - Hongyan Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, 100191, Beijing, China.
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Fatty-acid-induced FABP5/HIF-1 reprograms lipid metabolism and enhances the proliferation of liver cancer cells. Commun Biol 2020; 3:638. [PMID: 33128030 PMCID: PMC7599230 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01367-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) is a transcription factor essential for cancer cell survival. The reprogramming of lipid metabolism has emerged as a hallmark of cancer, yet the relevance of HIF-1α to this process remains elusive. In this study, we profile HIF-1α-interacting proteins using proteomics analysis and identify fatty acid-binding protein 5 (FABP5) as a critical HIF-1α-binding partner. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues, both FABP5 and HIF-1α are upregulated, and their expression levels are associated with poor prognosis. FABP5 enhances HIF-1α activity by promoting HIF-1α synthesis while disrupting FIH/HIF-1α interaction at the same time. Oleic-acid treatment activates the FABP5/HIF-1α axis, thereby promoting lipid accumulation and cell proliferation in HCC cells. Our results indicate that fatty-acid-induced FABP5 upregulation drives HCC progression through HIF-1-driven lipid metabolism reprogramming. Seo et al. identify fatty acid-binding protein 5 (FABP5) as a booster of HIF-1α activity. They find that oleic-acid treatment activates the FABP5/HIF-1α axis, promoting lipid accumulation and cell proliferation in liver cancer cells. This study provides insights into how fatty acids drive the progression of cancer.
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10
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Jin C, Yuan P. Implications of lipid droplets in lung cancer: Associations with drug resistance. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:2091-2104. [PMID: 32782526 PMCID: PMC7399769 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells usually show different metabolic patterns compared with healthy cells due to the reprogramming of metabolic processes. The process of lipid metabolism undergoes notable changes, leading to the accumulation of lipid droplets in cells. Additionally, this phenotype is considered an important marker of cancer cells. Lipid droplets are a highly dynamic type of organelle in the cell, which is composed of a neutral lipid core, a monolayer phospholipid membrane and lipid droplet-related proteins. Lipid droplets are involved in several biological processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, lipid metabolism, stress, immunity, signal transduction and protein trafficking. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-activating mutations are currently the most effective therapeutic targets for non-small cell lung cancer. Several EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) that target these mutations, including gefitinib, erlotinib, afatinib and osimertinib, have been widely used clinically. However, the development of acquired resistance has a major impact on the efficacy of these drugs. A number of previous studies have reported that the expression of lipid droplets in the tumor tissues of patients with lung cancer are elevated, whereas the association between elevated numbers of lipid droplets and drug resistance has received little attention. The present review describes the potential association between lipid droplets and drug resistance. Furthermore, the mechanisms and implications of lipid droplet accumulation in cancer cells are analyzed, as wells as the mechanism by which lipid droplets suppress endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis, which are essential for the development and treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlai Jin
- Department of Surgery, First People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250011, P.R. China
| | - Peng Yuan
- Department of Surgery, First People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250011, P.R. China
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11
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Fujimoto M, Matsuzaki I, Nishitsuji K, Yamamoto Y, Murakami D, Yoshikawa T, Fukui A, Mori Y, Nishino M, Takahashi Y, Iwahashi Y, Warigaya K, Kojima F, Jinnin M, Murata SI. Adipophilin expression in cutaneous malignant melanoma is associated with high proliferation and poor clinical prognosis. J Transl Med 2020; 100:727-737. [PMID: 31857696 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0358-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipophilin (ADP) is a primary protein component of lipid droplets (LDs). For more than half a century, certain types of cancer cells have been known to contain LDs in their cytoplasm. However, the pathological significance of ADP or LDs in cancer remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the association between ADP and other pathological characteristics in cutaneous malignant melanomas to clarify the role of ADP in melanoma cells. We immunostained whole paraffin sections of primary cutaneous melanomas obtained from 90 cases for ADP, after which we analyzed the correlation between ADP immunohistochemistry (IHC) and patient survival data. We also studied the relationship between the ADP IHC score and in situ hybridization (ISH) score of ADP mRNA, and the Ki67-labeling index (Ki67-LI) by using tissue microarrays consisting of 74 primary cutaneous malignant melanomas, 19 metastasizing melanomas, and 29 melanocytic nevi. Finally, we analyzed the relationship between ADP expression and cell proliferation in cutaneous melanoma cell lines. We found that high ADP expression was associated with poor metastasis-free survival, disease-specific survival, and overall survival rates of patients with cutaneous melanomas (P < 0.05). By linear regression analysis, ADP IHC was correlated with increasing ADP mRNA ISH H-scores and Ki67-LI scores in melanocytic lesions (P < 0.01). ADP IHC and ADP ISH H-scores and Ki67-LI scores were greater in pT3-4 melanomas than in pT1-2 melanomas. In cell-based assays, cells with increased ADP expression showed higher proliferation rates compared with those of low-ADP cells. Thus, ADP expression in malignant melanoma was significantly associated with high cell proliferation and poor clinical prognosis. Our results thus indicate a significant association between ADP and melanoma progression, and we propose that ADP may be a novel marker of aggressive cutaneous melanoma with a lipogenic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Fujimoto
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
| | - Ibu Matsuzaki
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | | | - Yuki Yamamoto
- Department of Dermatology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Murakami
- Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Takanori Yoshikawa
- Clinical Study Support Center, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Ayaka Fukui
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yuuki Mori
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Masaru Nishino
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yuichi Takahashi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Iwahashi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Kenji Warigaya
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Fumiyoshi Kojima
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Jinnin
- Department of Dermatology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Murata
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
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Cruz ALS, Barreto EDA, Fazolini NPB, Viola JPB, Bozza PT. Lipid droplets: platforms with multiple functions in cancer hallmarks. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:105. [PMID: 32029741 PMCID: PMC7005265 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2297-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (also known as lipid bodies) are lipid-rich, cytoplasmic organelles that play important roles in cell signaling, lipid metabolism, membrane trafficking, and the production of inflammatory mediators. Lipid droplet biogenesis is a regulated process, and accumulation of these organelles within leukocytes, epithelial cells, hepatocytes, and other nonadipocyte cells is a frequently observed phenotype in several physiologic or pathogenic situations and is thoroughly described during inflammatory conditions. Moreover, in recent years, several studies have described an increase in intracellular lipid accumulation in different neoplastic processes, although it is not clear whether lipid droplet accumulation is directly involved in the establishment of these different types of malignancies. This review discusses current evidence related to the biogenesis, composition and functions of lipid droplets related to the hallmarks of cancer: inflammation, cell metabolism, increased proliferation, escape from cell death, and hypoxia. Moreover, the potential of lipid droplets as markers of disease and targets for novel anti-inflammatory and antineoplastic therapies will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- André L S Cruz
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Physiopathology, Polo Novo Cavaleiros, Federal University of Rio De Janeiro (UFRJ), Macaé, Brazil
| | - Ester de A Barreto
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Narayana P B Fazolini
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - João P B Viola
- Program of Immunology and Tumor Biology, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Patricia T Bozza
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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13
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Dubey R, Stivala CE, Nguyen HQ, Goo YH, Paul A, Carette JE, Trost BM, Rohatgi R. Lipid droplets can promote drug accumulation and activation. Nat Chem Biol 2020; 16:206-213. [PMID: 31932720 PMCID: PMC6989039 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-019-0447-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Genetic screens in cultured human cells represent a powerful unbiased strategy to identify cellular pathways that determine drug efficacy, providing critical information for clinical development. We used insertional mutagenesis-based screens in haploid cells to identify genes required for the sensitivity to lasonolide A (LasA), a macrolide derived from a marine sponge that kills certain types of cancer cells at low nanomolar concentrations. Our screens converged on a single gene, LDAH, encoding a member of the metabolite serine hydrolase family that is localized on the surface of lipid droplets. Mechanistic studies revealed that LasA accumulates in lipid droplets, where it is cleaved into a toxic metabolite by LDAH. We suggest that selective partitioning of hydrophobic drugs into the oil phase of lipid droplets can influence their activation and eventual toxicity to cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Dubey
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Craig E Stivala
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Young-Hwa Goo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Antoni Paul
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Jan E Carette
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Barry M Trost
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rajat Rohatgi
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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14
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Tan Y, Jin Y, Wu X, Ren Z. PSMD1 and PSMD2 regulate HepG2 cell proliferation and apoptosis via modulating cellular lipid droplet metabolism. BMC Mol Biol 2019; 20:24. [PMID: 31703613 PMCID: PMC6842266 DOI: 10.1186/s12867-019-0141-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are well-known risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The lipid-rich environment enhances the proliferation and metastasis abilities of tumor cells. Previous studies showed the effect of the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) on tumor cell proliferation. However, the underlying mechanism of UPS in regulating the proliferation of lipid-rich tumor cells is not totally clear. Results Here, we identify two proteasome 26S subunits, non-ATPase 1 and 2 (PSMD1 and PSMD2), which regulate HepG2 cells proliferation via modulating cellular lipid metabolism. Briefly, the knockdown of PSMD1 and/or PSMD2 decreases the formation of cellular lipid droplets, the provider of the energy and membrane components for tumor cell proliferation. Mechanically, PSMD1 and PSMD2 regulate the expression of genes related to de novo lipid synthesis via p38-JNK and AKT signaling. Moreover, the high expression of PSMD1 and PSMD2 is significantly correlated with poor prognosis of HCC. Conclusion We demonstrate that PSMD1 and PSMD2 promote the proliferation of HepG2 cells via facilitating cellular lipid droplet accumulation. This study provides a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of lipid-rich tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Tan
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Jin
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuqing Ren
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China. .,Bio-Medical Center of Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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15
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O Connor D, Byrne A, Berselli GB, Long C, Keyes TE. Mega-stokes pyrene ceramide conjugates for STED imaging of lipid droplets in live cells. Analyst 2019; 144:1608-1621. [PMID: 30631867 DOI: 10.1039/c8an02260g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lipid droplets are dynamic subcellular organelles that participate in a range of physiological processes including metabolism, regulation and lipid storage. Their role in disease, such as cancer, where they are involved in metabolism and in chemoresistance, has emerged over recent years. Thus, the value of lipid droplets as diagnostic markers is increasingly apparent where number and size of droplets can be a useful prognostic. Although diverse in size, LDs are typically too small to be easily enumerated by conventional microscopy. The advent of super-resolution microscopy methods offers the prospect of detailed insights but there are currently no commercial STED probes suited to this task and STED, where this method has been used to study LDs it has relied on fixed samples. Here, we report a pyrene-based ceramide conjugate PyLa-C17Cer, that stains lipid droplets with exceptionally high precision in living cells and shows excellent performance in stimulated emission depletion microscopy. The parent compound PyLa comprises a pyrene carboxyl core appended with 3,4-dimethylaminophenyl. The resulting luminophore exhibits high fluorescent quantum yield, mega-Stokes shift and low cytotoxicity. From DFT calculations the Stokes shifted fluorescent state arises from a dimethylaminophenyl to pyrene charge-transfer transition. While the parent compound is cell permeable, it is relatively promiscuous, emitting from both protein and membranous structures within the living mammalian cell. However, on conjugation of C17 ceramide to the free carboxylic acid, the resulting PyLa-C17Cer, remains passively permeable to the cell membrane but targets lipid droplets within the cell through a temperature dependent mechanism, with high selectivity. Targeting was confirmed through colocalisation with the commercial lipid probe Nile Red. PyLa-C17Cer offers outstanding contrast of LDs both in fluorescence intensity and lifetime imaging due to its large Stokes shift and very weak emission from aqueous media. Moreover, because the compound is exceptionally photochemically stable with no detectable triplet emission under low temperature conditions, it can be used as an effective probe for fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS). These versatile fluorophores are powerful multimodal probes for combined STED/FCS/lifetime studies of lipid droplets and domains in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darragh O Connor
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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16
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Hernández-Corbacho MJ, Obeid LM. A novel role for DGATs in cancer. Adv Biol Regul 2018; 72:89-101. [PMID: 30579761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- María José Hernández-Corbacho
- Stony Brook Cancer Center and the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Health Sciences Center, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Lina M Obeid
- Stony Brook Cancer Center and the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Health Sciences Center, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA; The Northport VA Medical Center, Northport, NY, 11768, USA.
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17
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Petan T, Jarc E, Jusović M. Lipid Droplets in Cancer: Guardians of Fat in a Stressful World. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23081941. [PMID: 30081476 PMCID: PMC6222695 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells possess remarkable abilities to adapt to adverse environmental conditions. Their survival during severe nutrient and oxidative stress depends on their capacity to acquire extracellular lipids and the plasticity of their mechanisms for intracellular lipid synthesis, mobilisation, and recycling. Lipid droplets, cytosolic fat storage organelles present in most cells from yeast to men, are emerging as major regulators of lipid metabolism, trafficking, and signalling in various cells and tissues exposed to stress. Their biogenesis is induced by nutrient and oxidative stress and they accumulate in various cancers. Lipid droplets act as switches that coordinate lipid trafficking and consumption for different purposes in the cell, such as energy production, protection against oxidative stress or membrane biogenesis during rapid cell growth. They sequester toxic lipids, such as fatty acids, cholesterol and ceramides, thereby preventing lipotoxic cell damage and engage in a complex relationship with autophagy. Here, we focus on the emerging mechanisms of stress-induced lipid droplet biogenesis; their roles during nutrient, lipotoxic, and oxidative stress; and the relationship between lipid droplets and autophagy. The recently discovered principles of lipid droplet biology can improve our understanding of the mechanisms that govern cancer cell adaptability and resilience to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni Petan
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia.
| | - Eva Jarc
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia.
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia.
| | - Maida Jusović
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia.
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia.
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18
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Shi P, Wang M, Zhang Q, Sun J. Lipid-Rich Carcinoma of the Breast. A Clinicopathological Study of 49 Cases. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 94:342-6. [DOI: 10.1177/030089160809400309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aims and Background Lipid-rich carcinoma is a very rare variant of breast cancer with an aggressive clinical course and poor prognosis. The present study aimed to explore its clinicopathologic characters. Methods and Study Design We reviewed 3,206 cases treated in two centers in the last 10 years. They all met the criteria of positive oil red O staining, were PAS negative and had the typical histological features included in the study. Their clinical data were collected. The expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors, HER2 and Ki67 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Results Forty-nine patients were diagnosed with lipid-rich carcinomas. They were all female and ranged in age from 22 to 72 years (mean, 45). The presenting symptoms included a breast mass or lump and nipple discharge. Axillary lymph node metastases were found in 79.2% of the patients at the time of surgery. Respectively 100% and 89.8% were negative for estrogen and progesterone receptors, whereas 71.4% were positive for HER2. All patients received surgery plus chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy. In vitro MTT assay showed taxol- or platinum-based chemotherapy to be the most effective. The 2- and 5-year overall survival rates were 64.6% and 33.2%, respectively. Conclusions Lipid-rich carcinoma has a biopathological profile significantly different from other types of breast cancer, with a predominance of unfavorable prognostic parameters. Early diagnosis and active treatment may be helpful to increase its overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, 250021
| | - Mingming Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, 250021
| | - Qinghui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012
| | - Jingzhong Sun
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
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19
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Tirinato L, Pagliari F, Limongi T, Marini M, Falqui A, Seco J, Candeloro P, Liberale C, Di Fabrizio E. An Overview of Lipid Droplets in Cancer and Cancer Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:1656053. [PMID: 28883835 PMCID: PMC5572636 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1656053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades, lipid droplets have been considered as the main cellular organelles involved in the fat storage, because of their lipid composition. However, in recent years, some new and totally unexpected roles have been discovered for them: (i) they are active sites for synthesis and storage of inflammatory mediators, and (ii) they are key players in cancer cells and tissues, especially in cancer stem cells. In this review, we summarize the main concepts related to the lipid droplet structure and function and their involvement in inflammatory and cancer processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Tirinato
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
- Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - F. Pagliari
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - T. Limongi
- Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - M. Marini
- Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Falqui
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - J. Seco
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - P. Candeloro
- BioNEM Lab, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - C. Liberale
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - E. Di Fabrizio
- Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast with osteoclast-like giant cells and clear cell features: a case report of a novel finding and review of the literature. World J Surg Oncol 2016; 14:227. [PMID: 27561329 PMCID: PMC5000466 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-016-0982-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoclast-like giant cells (OLGCs) are a rare histologic finding within a tumor of the breast. Although there has been discussion as to the pathogenesis and prognosis related to this finding, our understanding of its significance remains inconclusive. Clear cells are another unique histologic finding in breast tumors and are typically associated with tumors arising in other organs such as renal cell carcinoma. CASE PRESENTATION This is a case report of a 64-year-old female who presented with one tumor identified as invasive ductal carcinoma with a combination of OLGCs and clear cell features. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this combination of findings has not been previously described in the literature and therefore represents another morphologic manifestation of breast carcinoma. As patients are diagnosed earlier and live longer, a growing number of these rare variants may be recognized and provide opportunities to further our understanding of the associated molecular pathways which could contribute to the possibility of therapeutic intervention.
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21
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Gaspar BL, Kumar M, Gupta R, Garg R, Singh R, Vasishta RK. Lipid-Rich Carcinoma of the Breast With Unusual Clinical and Histopathological Features. Int J Surg Pathol 2016; 24:538-42. [PMID: 26920701 DOI: 10.1177/1066896916633849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Lipid-rich carcinoma of the breast is a rare form of invasive breast carcinoma of special type. Most cases are grade 3, hormone receptor negative, and associated with aggressive clinical behavior. We report an unusual case of lipid-rich carcinoma with morphological and immunophenotypical features different from those of cases reported so far in the literature. The index case underscores the fact that there is no consensus with regard to the exact nature of this tumor. Hence, larger studies are needed to draw meaningful conclusions.
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22
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Sirohi D, Swimley K, Profit AL, Riddle ND. Her-2 neu negative lipid rich breast carcinoma in an immunocompromised patient. HUMAN PATHOLOGY: CASE REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ehpc.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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23
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Cong Y, Lin J, Qiao G, Zou H, Wang X, Li X, Li Y, Zhu S. Lipid-rich carcinoma of the breast: A report of two cases and a literature review. Oncol Lett 2015; 9:1729-1732. [PMID: 25789031 PMCID: PMC4356264 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.2924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid-rich carcinoma of the breast is extremely rare with no standard guidelines for treatment with poor patient prognosis. In the present study, the clinical features, imaging results, pathology, immunohistochemistry, treatment and prognoses of two patients with lipid-rich carcinoma of the breast were analyzed. Two patients were admitted to the Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to the Medical College of Qingdao University (Yantai, Shandong, China) for examination of a palpable mass in the breast. Enlarged lymph nodes were found in the axilla of each patient. The results of mammography and echography imaging suggested the presence of malignancy. A modified radical mastectomy was performed in each patient, and pathological examination revealed atypical large vacuolated cells arranged in clusters and confirmed lipid-rich carcinoma and lymph node metastases. The tumor tissue of patient one was immunohistochemically positive for estrogen receptor (ER), p53, p120 and E-cadherin, and negative for progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2), with a Ki-67 labeling index of 50%. The tumor tissue of patient two was immunohistochemically positive for p53, and negative for ER, PR, HER-2 and cytokeratin 5/6, with a Ki-67 labeling index of 30%. Post-surgery, patient one was administered chemotherapy for six cycles, radiotherapy and endocrine therapy in the form of anastrozole. Patient two was administered three cycles of chemotherapy without radiotherapy. Subsequent to being followed up for 25 months and 13 months, respectively, there was no evidence of recurrence or distant metastasis in patient one or two, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizi Cong
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to the Medical College of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264400, P.R. China
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to the Medical College of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264400, P.R. China
| | - Guangdong Qiao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to the Medical College of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264400, P.R. China
| | - Haidong Zou
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to the Medical College of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264400, P.R. China
| | - Xingmiao Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to the Medical College of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264400, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to the Medical College of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264400, P.R. China
| | - Yalun Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to the Medical College of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264400, P.R. China
| | - Shiguang Zhu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to the Medical College of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264400, P.R. China
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Unusual occurrence of rare lipid-rich carcinoma and conventional invasive ductal carcinoma in the one breast: case report. Case Rep Pathol 2012; 2012:387045. [PMID: 23050179 PMCID: PMC3461286 DOI: 10.1155/2012/387045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A 56-year-old woman noticed a palpable mass in her left breast during self-examination. Patient was admitted to our hospital and malignant bifocal tumour was diagnosed by ultrasonography, digital mammography, magnetic resonance, and core-cut biopsy. The patient underwent planned conservative surgery (biquadrantectomy) with a sentinel node examination, but after results of the frozen section with positive resection margins and positive sentinel lymph nodes subsequent mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissection were realized. Histology in the resection specimen revealed two isolated and distinct tumours. One of the lesions represented conventional invasive ductal carcinoma of histological grade 3, and the second tumour was evaluated as invasive lipid-rich carcinoma, containing tumour cells with clear and foamy cytoplasm. Lipids in neoplastic cells were detected by Oil Red O staining and ultrastructural examination. Immunohistochemical analysis of both carcinomas was almost identical with negative steroid receptors, positive staining of HER-2, and p53 and with high proliferation activity (Ki-67). Mastectomy specimen contained residual foci of invasive ductal carcinoma and dissected axillary lymph nodes were free of metastasis. Patient underwent first cycles of chemotherapy with paclitaxel and Herceptin together with local radiotherapy and two month after surgery is without any evidence of the disease.
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Abstract
The purpose of this review is to discuss the less common variants and mimics of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). DCIS lesions are heterogeneous in clinical presentation and behavior, morphology, biomarker profile, and identified genetic aberrations. DCIS is most easily recognized when presenting with classical features. The diagnosis is more challenging when a lesion displays less common cytologic features and has architectural patterns that overlap with other benign or malignant entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole B Johnson
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Laura C Collins
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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26
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Kurisu Y, Tsuji M, Shibayama Y, Takahashi Y, Nohara T. Intraductal lipid-rich carcinoma of the breast with a component of glycogen-rich carcinoma. J Breast Cancer 2012; 15:135-8. [PMID: 22493642 PMCID: PMC3318167 DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2012.15.1.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a rare case of intraductal lipid-rich carcinoma of the breast with a component of glycogen-rich carcinoma. An impalpable tumor that was revealed by mammography and magnetic resonance imaging was excised. Histologic examination showed vacuolated neoplastic cells in the mammary ducts, and electron microscopy confirmed lipid droplets in the cytoplasm. The coexistence of glycogen-rich carcinoma was shown. Lipid-rich carcinoma that is coexistent with glycogen-rich carcinoma is rare, and most lipid-rich carcinomas are invasive. Intraductal lipid-rich carcinoma is difficult to detect without echography or mammography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Kurisu
- Department of Pathology, Osaka Medical College Hospital, Takatsuki, Japan
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27
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Oshiro H, Nagashima Y, Kanazawa M, Sagawa H, Yamanaka S, Inayama Y. Imprint cytology of primary ethmoidal lipid-rich carcinoma combined with adipophilin immunocytochemistry. Cytopathology 2011; 21:420-3. [PMID: 20132263 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2303.2010.00736.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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28
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Guan B, Wang H, Cao S, Rao Q, Wang Y, Zhu Y, Shi Q, Yin H, Wang X, Zhou X. Lipid-rich carcinoma of the breast clinicopathologic analysis of 17 cases. Ann Diagn Pathol 2011; 15:225-32. [PMID: 21396871 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2010.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2010] [Revised: 09/05/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lipid-rich carcinoma of the breast is a rare variant of breast cancer, accounted for <1% of all breast malignant tumors. We retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathologic characteristics of lipid-rich carcinomas of the breast. A panel of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2), cytokeratin (CK) 5/6, CK14, and P63 was prepared for detection of lipid-rich carcinoma. Fluorescence in situ hybridization and electron microscope assays were performed for detecting HER-2 gene amplification and ultrastructure. Survival analysis were carried out using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression methods. Receiver operating characteristic test was also performed. Estrogen receptor, CK5/6, CK14, and P63 were negative. Progesterone receptor (1/17) and HER-2 (17/17) were positive. HER-2 gene amplification was detected in all included cases (ratio values >2.2). Ultrastructure showed fat droplet and electron-dense material in the cytoplasm. Statistical differences were detected among survival and age (P = .033), histologic grade (P = .004), lymph node involvement (P = .001), and HER-2 expression (P = .002), respectively, using Kaplan-Meier methods. Statistical differences were also detected (P = .017) using Cox regression methods. Receiver operating characteristic test displayed significant statistical differences; the prognosis had a correlation between HER-2 expression "+" and HER-2 expression "++" (P = .004). Lipid-rich carcinoma of the breast was an HER-2 overexpressing subtype of the breast carcinoma. Survival of lipid-rich carcinoma might be associated with age, histologic grade, lymph node involvement, and HER-2. The HER-2 expression, however, might play an important role in predicting the prognosis of lipid-rich carcinoma of the breast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Guan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine Nanjing University/Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, P.R. China
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29
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Nagata Y, Hanagiri T, Ono K, Shimokawa H, Yamazaki M, Takenaka M, Yamada S, Yano K, Morita M. A non-invasive form of lipid-secreting carcinoma of the breast. Breast Cancer 2010; 19:83-7. [PMID: 21104351 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-010-0237-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2010] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Lipid-secreting carcinoma is a rare variant of breast carcinoma. The tumor cells possess abundant vacuolated cytoplasm containing neutral fat. A 68-year-old Japanese female patient presented with a left breast tumor, which was detected by mass screening, and she was admitted to our hospital. The physical examination revealed an elastic hard lump in the left lateral quadrant of the left breast. The tumor size was 1.2 × 1.0 cm in diameter and the borderline was unclear. There were no palpable axillary lymph nodes or supraclavicular nodes. Mammography showed a polygonal mass with microcalcification. Ultrasonography indicated a hypoechoic lesion measuring 9 × 4 mm in diameter, with an irregularly shaped, slightly indistinct surface. The internal echoic level of the mass was heterogenous. Enhanced magnetic resonance imaging revealed a mass of high intensity in the left breast, and the connection of the intraductal spread was not detected. The time-intensity curve showed a peak-and-plateau pattern. Fine-needle aspiration cytology suggested a malignant tumor. The patient underwent a partial resection of the left breast (breast-conserving therapy) and a left axillary lymphadenectomy. Macroscopically, the resected specimen revealed a white tumor measuring approximately 0.6 × 0.5 cm. Histopathologically, the tumor measured up to approximately 0.9 × 0.7 cm because of additional components of intraductal spread and therefore was diagnosed as an extensive ductal carcinoma in situ with focal mass formation; the tumor also had abundant foamy cytoplasm. Oil-red-O staining confirmed the presence of marked cytoplasmic lipid droplets. These droplets were periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) negative even after diastase digestion, and negative with PAS-Alcian blue staining. In immunohistochemistry, these carcinoma cells were positive for E-cadherin. Thus, the pathological diagnosis was a non-invasive form of lipid-secreting carcinoma. The tumors were negative for both estrogen receptors and progesterone receptors. There were no metastases in the left axillary lymph nodes. The patient has remained well for 8 years without any evidence of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshika Nagata
- Department of Surgery II, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Yahatanishi, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
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Yoshimura H, Kimura N, Nakahira R, Michishita M, Ohkusu-Tsukada K, Takahashi K. Lipid-rich carcinoma in the mammary gland of a Djungarian hamster (Phodopus sungorus). J Vet Diagn Invest 2010; 22:305-9. [PMID: 20224099 DOI: 10.1177/104063871002200227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A lipid-rich carcinoma of the mammary gland was diagnosed in a female Djungarian hamster (Phodopus sungorus), which was kept as an indoor pet. The animal underwent surgery for a primary tumor arising in the mammary gland at the age of 16 months, and also for a recurrent tumor 6 months later. Histologically, the primary neoplasm was composed of 2 different cell populations: nonvacuolated glandular neoplastic cells with moderate atypia, and vacuolated neoplastic cells with marked atypia. Transition from the nonvacuolated glandular cells to the vacuolated cells was frequently seen. The recurrent neoplasm was composed predominantly of vacuolated neoplastic cells that often invaded the surrounding soft tissue. The cytoplasmic vacuoles contained neutral lipids, as confirmed by oil red O and Nile blue staining. The vacuolated neoplastic cells were immunopositive for cytokeratin and negative for vimentin, alpha-smooth muscle actin, p63, estrogen receptor alpha, and androgen receptor. Presumably, this high-grade, lipid-rich mammary carcinoma had developed from a low-grade mammary adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Yoshimura
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1, Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan.
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Russo S, Coppola D, Vinaccia P, Siciliano A, Baldassarre F, Battista G, Pisani G, Sepe J, Maiello FM. Lipid-rich histology in a basal-type immuno-profile breast carcinoma: a clinicopathological histochemical and immunohistochemical analysis of a case. Rare Tumors 2009; 1:e41. [PMID: 21139920 PMCID: PMC2994452 DOI: 10.4081/rt.2009.e41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2009] [Revised: 10/01/2009] [Accepted: 10/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the clinicopathological and morphological features of an unusual breast carcinoma classifiable as a lipid-rich variant of ductal invasive carcinoma, with a basal-type immunohistochemical profile. Basal-type breast cancers show no hormonal receptor expression, rarely over-express HER-2 but exhibit molecular high weight cytokeratins, EGFR and c-kit positivity. Special stains and histochemistry tests were used to elucidate the nature of vescicles in the neoplastic cells. Sudan IV was performed on formalin-fixed tissue. Commercially available antibodies tested were: ER, PgR, EGFR, HER2, c-kit, high molecular weight cytokeratins. Cytoplasmic lipids were highlighted as red-orange droplets on Sudan IV staining. As for immunohistochemistry, the tumor showed no reactivity to ER, PgR and HER2 (triple negative), and diffuse and strong positivity to high weight cytokeratins, EGFR and c-kit, such as a basal-type breast carcinoma. A basaloid phenotype in a lipid-rich carcinoma has not been previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Russo
- ASL NA3 Sud, Maresca Hospital, Torre del Greco, Naples, Italy
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Catalina-Fernández I, Sáenz-Santamaria J. Lipid-rich carcinoma of breast: A case report with fine needle aspiration cytology. Diagn Cytopathol 2009; 37:935-6. [DOI: 10.1002/dc.21140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Abstract
This article reviews cytomorphology of rare malignant tumors of the breast: squamous carcinoma, metaplastic carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, apocrine carcinoma, secretory carcinoma, lipid-rich carcinoma, and carcinoma with choriocarcinomatous features. It is important to bear in mind the cytomorphology and diagnosis of rare malignant tumors of the breast in analysis of breast fine needle aspiration smears. Although rare, these malignant tumors can be diagnosed by the cytomorphological characteristics, and should be included in the differential diagnoses of breast neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid E Khalbuss
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida Health Science Center, Jacksonville, FL 32209, USA.
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Kuroda H, Sakamoto G, Ohnisi K, Itoyama S. Clinical and pathological features of glycogen-rich clear cell carcinoma of the breast. Breast Cancer 2005; 12:189-95. [PMID: 16110288 DOI: 10.2325/jbcs.12.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Twenty cases of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast with a pure or partial glycogen-rich clear cell carcinoma(GRCC)component are reported. GRCC of the breast is composed almost entirely of polygonal cells with clear cytoplasm. These contain large amounts of partly water-soluble glycogen. METHODS The cases were analyzed using various parameters, including age at presentation, tumor size, tumor grade, axillary lymph node and Her2/neu status. RESULTS Between 1990 and 2004, 723 patients with primary breast carcinomas were treated and clinicopathologic analysis was performed. 20 cases were identified as GRCC among the 723 cases. The patients' age at presentation ranged from 33 to 68 years (mean, 52 years). Tumor size ranged from 1 to 6.5 cm (mean, 2.6 cm); 35% (7 of 20) of cases that underwent axillary dissection had positive lymph nodes. Among 15 of 20 cases who were followed for 1-72 months, 5 cases died from their breast carcinoma within 5 years following the diagnosis. CONCLUSION Our series included more small size carcinomas than did previous series. Lymph node status does not appear to be markedly different from that of the usual invasive ductal carcinomas. Her2/neu expression was similar to that found in common breast carcinomas.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/pathology
- Adult
- Aged
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Female
- Genes, erbB-2
- Glycogen/metabolism
- Humans
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Middle Aged
- Prognosis
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Kuroda
- Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical School, 1981, Tsujido, Kamoda, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-8550, Japan.
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Espinosa de los Monteros A, Hellmén E, Ramírez GA, Herráez P, Rodríguez F, Ordás J, Millán Y, Lara A, Martín de las Mulas J. Lipid-rich carcinomas of the mammary gland in seven dogs: clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features. Vet Pathol 2004; 40:718-23. [PMID: 14608030 DOI: 10.1354/vp.40-6-718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Lipid-rich carcinomas occurred in seven female dogs. Affected dogs were purebred (all but one), intact (all but one), and between 4 and 13 years of age. Five of them had a history of parity, one had pseudopregnancy, and none had received contraceptive steroids. The tumors were single (five cases) or multiple (two cases) well-circumscribed masses of different sizes (varying from 1 to 6 cm in diameter), composed of solid nests and cords of tumor cells separated by a moderate amount of stroma. The tumor cells contained either multiple and small or large and solitary vacuoles that pushed the nucleus to the periphery of the cell (signet-ring cell). A glandular epithelial immunophenotype (cytokeratins 5 and 8 and 8 and 18) was observed in the majority of tumor cells. All tumors lacked both estrogen and progesterone receptors, and five out of seven tumors gave rise to local recurrence and proximal or distant metastases or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Espinosa de los Monteros
- Departamento de Morfología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña s/n, 35416 Arucas, La Palmas, Spain.
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36
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Reis-Filho JS, Fulford LG, Lakhani SR, Schmitt FC. Pathologic quiz case: a 62-year-old woman with a 4.5-cm nodule in the right breast. Lipid-rich breast carcinoma. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2003; 127:e396-8. [PMID: 12951994 DOI: 10.5858/2003-127-e396-pqcayw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge S Reis-Filho
- Breakthrough Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.
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Middleton LP, Palacios DM, Bryant BR, Krebs P, Otis CN, Merino MJ. Pleomorphic lobular carcinoma: morphology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular analysis. Am J Surg Pathol 2000; 24:1650-6. [PMID: 11117786 DOI: 10.1097/00000478-200012000-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Infiltrating pleomorphic lobular carcinoma (PLC) is an aggressive variant of infiltrating lobular carcinoma. Recently, in situ changes identical to PLC (PLCIS) have been described. The role of prognostic markers and their correlation with therapeutics, clinical outcome, and genetic changes is not well established in PLC. The authors examined 38 cases of this entity to understand better this tumor's biology. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis was performed in 21 specimens for estrogen and progesterone steroid receptors, p53, Her 2 (p185), and GCDFP-15. Genomic deoxyribonucleic acid was obtained from microdissected tumor as well as normal control cells, and loss of heterozygosity was investigated at the ESR (16q24), p53 (TP53 17p), Her 2 (17q 11-12), and BRCA 1 (17q12-25) loci. In this series, the average patient age was 57.5 years (age range, 24-92 years). Twenty-seven women were postmenopausal. Tumor size ranged from 1.2 to 25 cm. Six patients were a pathologic stage I; 19, stage II; 12, stage III; and one, stage IV. Histologically, multifocal nodular aggregates of discohesive pleomorphic tumor cells were seen interspersed in dense and fibrotic breast parenchyma. Twenty-nine percent of the specimens demonstrated associated signet ring cells. The remainder had dishesive, globoid, plasmacytoid cells with high-grade nuclear features. PLCIS was identified in 17 of 38 patients (45%), and lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) was noted in 8 patients (21%). IHC analysis showed estrogen immunoreactivity in 81%, progesterone in 67%, GCDFP-15 in 71%, and Her 2 in 81% (2+ to 3+ membranous staining) of specimens. Antibodies to p53 stained the tumor cell nuclei in 48% of the tumors. Loss of heterozygosity was identified in 52% of the specimens at the p53 locus, 18% at the ESR locus, 19% to 24% at the Her 2 loci, and 27% to 32% at the BRCA 1 locus. Follow-up was available in 19 patients and ranged from 12 months to 15 years (mean, 73 months). Seven patients had no evidence of disease at last examination (range, 1-15 years), three patients were alive with disease (range, 2-14 years), and nine patients were dead of disease (range, 2 months-9 years). Six patients had subsequent diagnoses of tumor in the contralateral breast. Analysis shows that PLC tends to appear in older postmenopausal women who present with locally advanced disease. PLCIS was found to be associated with PLC 45% of the time. The aggressive clinical course of patients with PLC is supported by tumor immunoreactivity with unfavorable markers Her 2 and p53. Overexpression of Her 2 in PLC may be therapeutically relevant, enabling the use of novel chemotherapeutic drugs like Herceptin. Interestingly, tumors that were Her 2 immunoreactive also maintained estrogen hormone immunoreactivity.
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Abstract
A case of lipid-rich mammary carcinoma identified in a lumpectomy specimen from a 56-year-old female is presented. The tumor showed features of poorly differentiated invasive ductal carcinoma of clear-cell phenotype. Cytoplasmic lucency was mainly accounted for by the accumulation of neutral fat and, to a lesser degree, glycogen. Tinctorial properties included positivity of tumor cells with Sudan III dye and diastase-sensitive periodic acid-Schiff staining. Ultrastructural examination confirmed the presence of abundant cytoplasmic lipid droplets and some glycogen rosettes. On immunohistochemistry, most tumor cells reacted for cytokeratin, vimentin and S-100 protein, and there was focal expression of carcinoembryogenic antigen. A minority of tumor cell nuclei expressed progesterone receptors. As an additional feature, part of the lesion exhibited chondroid metaplasia. Lipid-rich carcinoma of the breast is exceedingly rare and, to our knowledge, no such example harboring metaplastic elements has been described previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Varga
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.
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39
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Umekita Y, Yoshida A, Sagara Y, Yoshida H. Lipid-Secreting Carcinoma of the Breast: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Breast Cancer 1998; 5:171-173. [PMID: 11091643 DOI: 10.1007/bf02966690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A case of lipid-secreting carcinoma in the right breast of a 78-year-old Japanese woman is reported. Light microscopy revealed solid alveolar proliferation in the majority of tumor cells, which had abundant foamy cytoplasm. A variable amount of neutral lipid was identified in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells by Sudan III staining and electron microscopy. This case is reported along with a discussion of other cases of lipid-secreting or lipid-rich carcinoma that have been reported in the international literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Umekita
- Department of Pathology, Factulty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Kagoshima 890, Japan
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40
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Glycogen-rich Clear Cell Carcinoma of the Breast: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Breast Cancer 1996; 3:205-208. [PMID: 11091758 DOI: 10.1007/bf02966985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A case of glycogen-rich clear cell carcinoma (GRCC) which arose in the right breast of a 35-year-old Japanese woman is reported. Light microscopic examination of the tumor revealed solid alveolar proliferation of clear cells containing abundant glycogen. Electron microscopy identified aggregates of glycogen particles and numerous empty glycogen lakes. This case is reported with a discussion on the other 42 GRCC cases reported in the international literature.
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41
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Abstract
Even when clinical data strongly suggest the presence of a metastatic neoplasm in the breast, this occurrence almost invariably raises great problems in diagnostic pathology. Both cases presented here had a well-recognized primitive neoplasm located elsewhere. Nonetheless, great importance was given to the application of ancillary techniques; the immunostains for "breast discriminants"--GCDFP15, HMFG1, and HMFG2--on tissue sections helped the recognition of a metastatic renal cell carcinoma; and the stains for S100 protein, smooth muscle actin, cytokeratins, and neurofilaments on cytologic material allowed the identification of a metastatic mediastinal leiomyosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ferrara
- Pathologic Anatomy Service, Gaetano Rummo City Hospital, Benevento, Italy
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42
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Mazzella FM, Sieber SC, Braza F. Ductal carcinoma of male breast with prominent lipid-rich component. Pathology 1995; 27:280-3. [PMID: 8532397 DOI: 10.1080/00313029500169123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We report a case of mammary duct carcinoma with a prominent lipid-rich, sebaceous-like component, occurring in a 55 yr old white male. The patient presented with a painless, subareolar left breast mass and the diagnosis of malignancy was made by fine needle aspiration. Subsequent modified radical mastectomy revealed an infiltrating and in situ ductal carcinoma with dermal invasion and numerous vacuolated sebaceous-like tumor cells, positive for neutral lipid by Oil Red O stain. We propose that this case represents an unusual variant of lipid-secreting breast carcinoma. To the best of our knowledge, this subtype of mammary carcinoma is unprecedented in male breast.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Mazzella
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Danbury Hospital, Connecticut, USA
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Tsubura A, Hatano T, Murata A, Shoji T, Shikata N, Morii S. Breast carcinoma in patients receiving neuroleptic therapy. Morphologic and clinicopathologic features of thirteen cases. Pathol Int 1992; 42:494-9. [PMID: 1357916 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.1992.tb03094.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report 13 cases of breast carcinoma in patients treated with neuroleptics (prolactin-releasing drugs). Twelve of the patients were female and one was male. Nine patients had unicentric carcinoma, one had multicentric tumors arising synchronously, and three had bilateral tumors (synchronous in one case and metachronous in two cases). Thirteen tumors in ten patients were invasive ductal carcinomas, two tumors in one patient were mucinous carcinomas, and the two other patients had lipid-secreting carcinomas. Immunohistochemical staining showed alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-LA) in the lipid-secreting carcinomas at sites exhibiting active lipid secretion. A precise cause-effect relationship is difficult to elucidate, since the patients ranged in age from 40 to 64 years (mean: 51 years) when cancer was first diagnosed. However, the relatively high incidence of multiple tumors and the production of lipid and alpha-LA by the cancer cells were unusual features suggesting an association with neuroleptic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tsubura
- Department of Pathology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
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Duggan MA, Young GK, Hwang WS. Fine-needle aspiration of an apocrine breast carcinoma with multivacuolated, lipid-rich, giant cells. Diagn Cytopathol 1988; 4:62-6. [PMID: 3378488 DOI: 10.1002/dc.2840040115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The frequency of mammary apocrine carcinoma varies considerably and reflects the definitional differences of various researchers. Lipid synthesis by malignant mammary cells is not uncommon, and occasionally it is so extensive that the designation lipid-rich carcinoma is warranted. Many subtypes of lipid-rich carcinoma are described. Although focal apocrine change is observed in one type, a tumor composed predominantly of an apocrine carcinoma with an intimate admixture of lipid-rich malignant cells is previously undescribed. The fine-needle aspiration, histologic, and ultrastructural features of such a tumor is delineated for which the descriptive title lipid-rich apocrine carcinoma is coined.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Duggan
- Department of Pathology, Foothills Hospital, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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45
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Wrba F, Ellinger A, Reiner G, Spona J, Holzner JH. Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical characteristics of lipid-rich carcinoma of the breast. VIRCHOWS ARCHIV. A, PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY AND HISTOPATHOLOGY 1988; 413:381-5. [PMID: 2845641 DOI: 10.1007/bf00716986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Five cases of lipid-rich carcinomas of the breast were investigated ultrastructurally and immunohistochemically for alpha-lactalbumin (ALA), lactoferrin (Lfr) and human milk fat globule membrane antigen (HMFG-2). Staining for ALA and Lfr showed intensive reaction on nearly all of the tumour cells whereas immunoreaction for HMFG-2 revealed positivity in single cells. All tumours were negative for steroid receptor content. Ultrastructurally the tumour cells showed numerous intracytoplasmic non-membrane bound lipid droplets which were often found within autophagocytic vacuoles. Neither rough endoplasmic reticulum nor Golgi complexes showed any sign of lipid synthesis. Extrusion of lipid droplets and extracellular lipid deposition was not observed. In conclusion, our findings do not justify the consideration of lipid-rich carcinoma of the breast as a clearly defined group of tumours with specific secretory activity. Therefore, the term lipid-rich carcinoma should be used in preference to lipid-secreting, unless there is evidence of active lipid secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Wrba
- Dept. of Pathology, University of Vienna, Austria
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46
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Hull MT, Warfel KA. Mucinous breast carcinomas with abundant intracytoplasmic mucin and neuroendocrine features: light microscopic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural study. Ultrastruct Pathol 1987; 11:29-38. [PMID: 2881386 DOI: 10.3109/01913128709023180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Eight mucinous carcinomas of the breast were studied by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry; one was studied by electron microscopy. All 8 cases had abundant, relatively clear cytoplasm that contained mucin. Cells were argyrophil positive and argentaffin negative. Eight cases were positive for neuron specific enolase (NSE), 5 cases for serotonin, 1 case for serotonin and somatostatin and 2 cases for serotonin, somatostatin, and gastrin. None had clinical evidence of abnormal neuroendocrine function. Three patients had axillary lymph node metastases. Only 1 of 5 patients in whom there was clinical followup died of her disease. Electron microscopy of one case showed abundant intracytoplasmic and extracellular mucin, round and pleomorphic dense-core granules, numerous cell processes, and aggregates of intermediate filaments. These cases expand the histologic spectrum of breast carcinomas which may show neuroendocrine differentiation.
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Abstract
An unusual case of a malignant breast tumor in a 70 year-old woman is reported. The histological picture displayed a mixed pattern of vacuolated and apocrine-like cells. At electron microscopical level the tumoral cells presented, in a very regular manner, lipidic intracytoplasmic vacuoles. These lipid droplets were secreted by the tumoral cells, and appeared surrounded by SER profiles. A differential diagnosis is discussed with other mammary gland neoplasms, such as histiocytoid carcinoma, apocrine cell carcinoma and other clear cell carcinomas. Based upon our findings we propose that this case should be considered as a lipid secreting carcinoma of the breast.
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48
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Baak JP. Letter to the Case. Pathol Res Pract 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0344-0338(85)80021-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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49
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Fisher ER, Tavares J, Bulatao IS, Sass R, Fisher B. Glycogen-rich, clear cell breast cancer: with comments concerning other clear cell variants. Hum Pathol 1985; 16:1085-90. [PMID: 2997016 DOI: 10.1016/s0046-8177(85)80175-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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50
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Nesland JM, Johannessen JV. Letter to the Case. Pathol Res Pract 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0344-0338(85)80020-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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