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Castelo B, Viñal D, Maseda R, Ostios L, Sánchez D, García-Salvatierra B, Escámez MJ, Martínez-Santamaría L, Del Río M, Mora-Rillo M, Vilches Y, Beato MJ, López Gutiérrez JC, Romero N, Santos C, Miranda J, de Lucas R. Epidemiology and natural history of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa patients: 20 years' experience of a reference centre in Spain. Clin Transl Oncol 2019; 21:1573-1577. [PMID: 30864020 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-019-02073-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the leading cause of death in patients with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB). We provide the management and prognosis of cSCC in RDEB patients at a Spanish reference center. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively included patients with RDEB attended in La Paz University Hospital from November 1988 to October 2018. RESULTS Fourteen patients developed at least one cSCC. Tumors were predominantly well differentiated. Nearly half of the tumors have recurred. Median time to first recurrence was 23.4 months (95% CI: 17.2-29.5). Five patients have developed distant metastases. Median overall survival (mOS) was 136.5 months since the diagnosis of the first cSCC (95% CI: 30.6-242.3). When distant metastases occurred, mOS was 6.78 months (95% CI: 1.94-11.61). CONCLUSIONS cSCC is a life-threatening complication of RDEB patients. Although tumors are usually well differentiated, they tend to relapse. This is the first Spanish report of cSCC arising in RDEB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Castelo
- Department of Medical Oncology, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de la castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - D Viñal
- Department of Medical Oncology, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de la castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain.
| | - R Maseda
- Department of Dermatology, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Ostios
- Department of Medical Oncology, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de la castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - D Sánchez
- Department of Medical Oncology, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de la castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - M J Escámez
- Department of Bio-Engineering, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IISFJD), CIBER on Rare Diseases (U714 CIBERER-ISCIII), Carlos III University, Madrid (UC3M), Madrid, Spain
| | - L Martínez-Santamaría
- Department of Bio-Engineering, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IISFJD), CIBER on Rare Diseases (U714 CIBERER-ISCIII), Carlos III University, Madrid (UC3M), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Del Río
- Department of Bio-Engineering, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IISFJD), CIBER on Rare Diseases (U714 CIBERER-ISCIII), Carlos III University, Madrid (UC3M), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Mora-Rillo
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Internal Medicine Department, La Paz University Hospital IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Y Vilches
- Department of Palliative Care, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - M J Beato
- Department of Pathology, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - N Romero
- DEBRA (Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa Research Association), Madrid, Spain
| | - C Santos
- DEBRA (Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa Research Association), Madrid, Spain
| | - J Miranda
- Department of Medical Oncology, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de la castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - R de Lucas
- Department of Dermatology, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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2
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Rashidghamat E, McGrath JA. Novel and emerging therapies in the treatment of recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. Intractable Rare Dis Res 2017; 6:6-20. [PMID: 28357176 PMCID: PMC5359356 DOI: 10.5582/irdr.2017.01005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of inherited blistering diseases that affects ∼ 500,000 people worldwide. Clinically, individuals with EB have fragile skin and are susceptible to blistering following minimal trauma, with mucous membrane and other organ involvement in some subtypes. Within the spectrum of EB, ∼ 5% of affected individuals have the clinically more severe recessive dystrophic (RDEB) variant with a prevalence of 8 per one million of the population. RDEB is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the type VII collagen gene, COL7A1, which leads to reduced or absent type VII collagen (C7) and a paucity of structurally effective anchoring fibrils at the dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ). Currently, there is no cure for RDEB, although considerable progress has been made in testing novel treatments including gene therapy (lentiviral and gamma retroviral vectors for COL7A1 supplementation in keratinocytes and fibroblasts), as well as cell therapy (use of allogeneic fibroblasts, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), and bone marrow transplantation (BMT)). Here, we review current treatment modalities available as well as novel and emerging therapies in the treatment of RDEB. Clinical trials of new translational therapies in RDEB offer hope for improved clinical management of patients as well as generating broader lessons for regenerative medicine that could be applicable to other inherited or acquired abnormalities of wound healing or scarring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie Rashidghamat
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John A. McGrath
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Address correspondence to: Dr. John A. McGrath, Dermatology Research Laboratories, Floor 9 Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom. E-mail:
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3
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Montaudié H, Chiaverini C, Sbidian E, Charlesworth A, Lacour JP. Inherited epidermolysis bullosa and squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review of 117 cases. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2016; 11:117. [PMID: 27544590 PMCID: PMC4992553 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-016-0489-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inherited epidermolysis bullosa (EB) comprises a highly heterogeneous group of rare diseases characterized by exacerbated skin and/or mucosal fragility and blister formation after minor mechanical trauma. Level of cleavage in the skin, clinical features with immunofluorescence antigen mapping and/or electron microscopy examination of a skin biopsy and/or gene involved, type(s) of mutation present and sometimes specific mutation(s), allow to define the EB type and subtype. This family of genodermatoses exposes patients to several complications, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) being the most severe of them. OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review was to document patients with EB who developed cSCC. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed, from inception to March 2014, using Medline, Embase, Cochrane and ClinicalTrials.gov databases. Only articles published in English and French were selected. The diagnosis of EB had to be confirmed by EM and/or IFM and/or mutation analysis, while cSCC had to be confirmed by histological analysis. RESULTS Of 167 references in the original search, 69 relevant articles were identified, representing 117 cases. cSCCs were identified in all types of EB, though predominantly in recessive dystrophic EB (RDEB) forms (81 cases (69.2 %)). The median age at diagnosis was 36 years old (interquartile range (IQR), 27-48 years and range, 6-71 years) for all forms. Of those with measurements in the literature (88 cases (75.2 %)), tumor size was greater than 2 centimeters in 52 cases (59.1 %). The histopathological characteristics were specified in 88 cases (75.2 %) and well-differentiated forms predominated (73.9 %). No conclusion could be drawn on the choice of surgical treatment or the management in advanced forms. LIMITATIONS This study was retrospective and statistical analysis was not included due to various biases. This study design did not allow to infer prevalence, nor EB subtype risk for cSCC occurrence. CONCLUSIONS Our study correlated with historical data shows that most of the cSCCs occurred in subjects with the RDEB subtype, however reports also show that cSCCs can present in any patients with EB. The first signs of cSCC developed at a younger age in EB patients than in non-EB patients. Interestingly, the cSCC duration, before its diagnosis, was shorter in individuals with RDEB than with junctional EB (JEB) and dominant dystrophic EB (DDEB). This study further emphasizes the importance of regular monitoring of EB patients, particularly with the RDEB subtype as they developed cSCC at a younger age.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Montaudié
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Nice, 151 route de Saint Antoine de Ginestière, Hôpital Archet 2, 06200, Nice, France.
| | - C Chiaverini
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Nice, 151 route de Saint Antoine de Ginestière, Hôpital Archet 2, 06200, Nice, France.,Reference Centre for Hereditary Epidermolysis Bullosa, University Hospital of Nice, Nice, France
| | - E Sbidian
- Department of Dermatology, Henri Mondor Hospital, INSERM, Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Créteil, France
| | - A Charlesworth
- Reference Centre for Hereditary Epidermolysis Bullosa, University Hospital of Nice, Nice, France
| | - J-P Lacour
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Nice, 151 route de Saint Antoine de Ginestière, Hôpital Archet 2, 06200, Nice, France.,Reference Centre for Hereditary Epidermolysis Bullosa, University Hospital of Nice, Nice, France
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4
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Mellerio JE, Robertson SJ, Bernardis C, Diem A, Fine JD, George R, Goldberg D, Halmos GB, Harries M, Jonkman MF, Lucky A, Martinez AE, Maubec E, Morris S, Murrell DF, Palisson F, Pillay EI, Robson A, Salas-Alanis JC, McGrath JA. Management of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in patients with epidermolysis bullosa: best clinical practice guidelines. Br J Dermatol 2015; 174:56-67. [PMID: 26302137 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This article summarizes recommendations reached following a systematic literature review and expert consensus on the diagnosis and management of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas in people with epidermolysis bullosa. The guidelines are intended to help inform decision making by clinicians dealing with this complex complication of a devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Mellerio
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, U.K.,Department of Dermatology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, U.K
| | - S J Robertson
- Department of Dermatology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The Royal Children's Hospital and Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - C Bernardis
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, U.K
| | - A Diem
- Department of Dermatology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - J D Fine
- Division of Dermatology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, U.S.A
| | - R George
- Department of Palliative Care, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, U.K
| | - D Goldberg
- Division of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA, U.S.A
| | - G B Halmos
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - M Harries
- Department of Oncology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, U.K
| | - M F Jonkman
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - A Lucky
- Department of Dermatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, U.S.A
| | - A E Martinez
- Department of Dermatology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, U.K
| | - E Maubec
- Department of Dermatology, APHP, Avicenne Hospital, Bobigny, France
| | - S Morris
- Department of Oncology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, U.K
| | - D F Murrell
- Department of Dermatology, St George Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - F Palisson
- Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana, Santiago, Chile
| | - E I Pillay
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, U.K
| | - A Robson
- Department of Dermatopathology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, U.K
| | - J C Salas-Alanis
- Basic Sciences Department, Universidad de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - J A McGrath
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London (Guy's Campus), London, U.K
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5
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Hon KLE, Li JJ, Cheng BL, Luk DC, Murrell DF, Choi PCL, Leung AKC. Age and etiology of childhood epidermolysis bullosa mortality. J DERMATOL TREAT 2014; 26:178-82. [DOI: 10.3109/09546634.2014.915002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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6
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Torres CP, Gomes-Silva JM, Mellara TS, Carvalho LP, Borsatto MC. Dental care management in a child with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. Braz Dent J 2011; 22:511-6. [PMID: 22189648 DOI: 10.1590/s0103-64402011000600012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a heterogeneous group of rare genetic disorders characterized by marked fragility of the skin and mucous membranes in which vesiculobullous lesions occur in response to trauma, heat or no apparent cause. The recessive form of EB presents the greatest oral alterations including repeated blistering and scar formation leading to limited oral opening, ankyloglossia, tongue denudation, microstomia, vestibule obliteration and predisposition to oral carcinoma. Routine dental care may cause bullae formation on the lips and oral mucosa. Together with the ingestion of soft and frequently carbohydrate food, these anomalies lead to a high caries risk. This paper documents a case of a child diagnosed with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB); describes the phases and difficulties of dental treatment and the measures that dentists and health care providers should adopt in order to provide a safe and effective dental treatment as well as earlier prevention to these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Paes Torres
- Department of Pediatric Clinic, Preventive and Community Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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7
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Abstract
The craniofacial and oral manifestations of the different epidermolysis bullosa (EB) types vary markedly in character and severity depending largely on the EB type. The tissues affected and the phenotypes displayed are closely related to the specific abnormal or absent proteins resulting from the causative genetic mutations for these disorders. In this article, the major oral manifestations are reviewed for different EB subtypes and are related to the causative genetic mutations and gene expression.
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8
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Fine JD, Mellerio JE. Extracutaneous manifestations and complications of inherited epidermolysis bullosa: part II. Other organs. J Am Acad Dermatol 2009; 61:387-402; quiz 403-4. [PMID: 19700011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2009.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2009] [Revised: 02/22/2009] [Accepted: 03/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
It is well known, primarily via case reports and limited case series, that nonepithelial tissues may become injured in patients with epidermolysis bullosa. Only recently, however, have there been data generated from large, well characterized cohorts. Our objective is to provide dermatologists with a comprehensive review of each of these major extracutaneous complications, with a summary of the pertinent literature and evidence-based recommendations for surveillance, evaluation, and management. Some epidermolysis bullosa subtypes are at risk for severe injury of the bone marrow, musculoskeletal system, heart, kidney, and teeth, and for the development of squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, or malignant melanoma. If untreated, significant morbidity or mortality may result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo-David Fine
- The National Epidermolysis Bullosa Registry, and Department of Medicine (Dermatology), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
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9
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Fine JD, Johnson LB, Weiner M, Li KP, Suchindran C. Epidermolysis bullosa and the risk of life-threatening cancers: the National EB Registry experience, 1986-2006. J Am Acad Dermatol 2008; 60:203-11. [PMID: 19026465 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2008.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2008] [Revised: 06/13/2008] [Accepted: 09/19/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Case series have demonstrated that potentially lethal cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas arise in patients with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB), although the magnitude of this risk is undefined. METHODS Systematic case finding and data collection were performed throughout the continental United States (1986-2002) by the National EB Registry on 3280 EB patients to determine cumulative and conditional risks for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and malignant melanoma (MM) within each major EB subtype, as well as the cumulative risk of death from each tumor. Study design was cross-sectional, with a nested randomly sampled longitudinal subcohort (N = 450). RESULTS SCCs arose primarily in RDEB, especially the Hallopeau-Siemens subtype (RDEB-HS), first beginning in adolescence. Less frequently, SCCs occurred in junctional EB (JEB). Cumulative risks rose steeply in RDEB-HS, from 7.5% by age 20 to 67.8%, 80.2%, and 90.1% by ages 35, 45, and 55, respectively. In Herlitz JEB, the risk was 18.2% by age 25. SCC deaths occurred only in RDEB, with cumulative risks in RDEB-HS of 38.7%, 70.0%, and 78.7% by ages 35, 45, and 55, respectively. MM arose in RDEB-HS, with a cumulative risk of 2.5% by age 12. BCCs arose almost exclusively in the most severe EB simplex subtype (Dowling-Meara) (cumulative risk = 43.6% by age 55). LIMITATIONS Mutational analyses were performed on only a minority of enrollees in the National EB Registry, preventing evaluation of the possible influence of specific genotypes on the risk of developing or dying from cutaneous SCCs. CONCLUSIONS SCC is the most serious complication of EB within adults, especially those with RDEB-HS. By mid-adulthood, nearly all will have had at least one SCC, and nearly 80% will have died of metastatic SCC despite aggressive surgical resection. When compared with SCCs arising within the normal population, the remarkably high risk of occurrence of and then death from SCCs among RDEB patients suggests likely differences in pathogenesis. Additional studies of EB-derived tumors and SCC cell lines may not only provide new insights into the mechanisms of carcinogenesis but also means whereby these particular tumors may be prevented or more effectively treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo-David Fine
- National Epidermolysis Bullosa Registry, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
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10
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Murat-Susić S, Pastar Z, Dobrić I, Camino Varela A, Hutinec Z, Husar K, Kljenak A. Verruciform xanthoma in recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa Hallopeau-Siemens. Int J Dermatol 2007; 46:955-9. [PMID: 17822501 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2007.03071.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Murat-Susić
- University Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Zagreb University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia.
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11
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Mallipeddi R, Keane FM, McGrath JA, Mayou BJ, Eady RAJ. Increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma in junctional epidermolysis bullosa. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2004; 18:521-6. [PMID: 15324385 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2004.00968.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Non-Herlitz junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB) is an autosomal recessive genodermatosis characterized by skin fragility and blistering. It is usually caused by mutations in the genes encoding the basement membrane proteins laminin 5 or type XVII collagen. Clinically, impaired wound healing and chronic erosions cause major morbidity in affected patients. Previously it was thought that these individuals, unlike patients with dystrophic EB, did not have an increased risk of developing skin cancer. However, we describe three patients with non-Herlitz JEB (aged 42, 56 and 75 years) who developed cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). The tumours were well-differentiated in two cases, but one patient had multiple primary SCCs that were either well- or moderately differentiated. Most cases of SCC in non-Herlitz JEB described have occurred in those with laminin 5 defects and on the lower limbs. These clinicopathological observations have important implications for the management of patients with this mechanobullous disorder as well as providing further insight into the biology of skin cancer associated with chronic inflammation and scarring.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mallipeddi
- Genetic skin disease group, Guy's, King's and St Thomas' School of Medicine, St John's Institute of Dermatology, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH
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12
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Christiano AM, Crollick J, Pincus S, Uitto J. Squamous cell carcinoma in a family with dominant dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa: a molecular genetic study. Exp Dermatol 1999; 8:146-52. [PMID: 10232408 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.1999.tb00364.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma in a family with dominant dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa: a molecular genetic study Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a frequent complication in the severe, recessively inherited forms of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB), however, only rarely reported in dominant DEB. Although the SCCs in RDEB are frequently well-differentiated by histopathology, they often have a poor prognosis due to multicentricity, rapid invasiveness, and development of distant metastases. In this study, we sought to determine the molecular basis of DDEB in a family with the unusual occurrence of SCCs. Specifically, a large DDEB family with 2 individuals being affected with SCC was analyzed for potential mutations in the type VII collagen gene (COL7A1) by heteroduplex scanning and direct nucleotide sequencing of PCR amplified segments of the gene. This mutation detection strategy disclosed a G-->A transition at nucleotide position 6,235 which resulted in substitution of a glycine by arginine within the collagenous region of COL7A1. This study establishes, for the first time, the molecular basis in a family with DDEB/SCC. Clinically, this study reemphasizes the importance of vigilance in surveying DEB patients, not only those with recessive but also with dominant inheritance, for SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Christiano
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Jefferson Medical College, Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107-5541, USA
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Lin
- Division of Dermatology and Cutaneous Sciences, Heritage Medical Research Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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14
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Abstract
Premalignant keratinocytic keratoses are common, especially in pale-complected persons in whom they appear most often as an actinic keratosis. Although the actinic keratosis has a very low malignant potential, arsenic, tar, thermal, scar, reactional, and radiation keratoses may be more clinically aggressive. This article discusses these premalignant keratinocytic neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Schwartz
- Dermatology and Pathology, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark 07103-2714, USA
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15
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Fine JD. Epidermolysis Bullosa: Application of Epidemiologic Principles to the Study of a Group of Rare Diseases Via a Disease Registry. Dermatol Clin 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s0733-8635(18)30071-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Wong WL, Pemberton J. The musculoskeletal manifestations of epidermolysis bullosa: an analysis of 19 cases with a review of the literature. Br J Radiol 1992; 65:480-4. [PMID: 1628178 DOI: 10.1259/0007-1285-65-774-480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa encompasses a group of rare disorders characterized by marked skin fragility and blister formation. In patients with dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, skeletal and soft-tissue abnormalities are an important feature. An analysis of the musculoskeletal manifestations in 19 patients is presented. In the hands and feet, features included generalized osteoporosis, wedge-shaped thinning and hooking of distal phalanges, overconstricted bones, acro-osteolysis, flexion contractures, metatarsal and metacarpal subluxation, distal trophic changes, webbing of digits, encasement of the whole extremity in a pouch of skin, soft-tissue calcification and retarded skeletal maturity. Previously undescribed findings in the hands and feet are bony ankylosis of the proximal interphalangeal joints, resorption of the metatarsal and metacarpal heads, shortened metatarsal bones, carpal and tarsal fusion and destruction, and cystic changes of the distal radius and ulna. In the remainder of the skeleton, hip dysplasia with premature osteoarthritis, knee joint bony ankylosis and thoracic and thoraco-lumbar scoliosis are other undescribed findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- W L Wong
- Department of Clinical Radiology, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
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17
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Johnson TM, Rowe DE, Nelson BR, Swanson NA. Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin (excluding lip and oral mucosa). J Am Acad Dermatol 1992; 26:467-84. [PMID: 1564155 DOI: 10.1016/0190-9622(92)70074-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The striking impression obtained from reviewing the cancer literature is how difficult it is to analyze the data for answers to many important biologic, behavioral, prognostic, and therapeutic questions about squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. This article addresses current concepts, controversies, and management of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (excluding the lip and oral mucosa).
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Johnson
- Department of Dermatology, Otorhinolaryngology, and Surgery (Division of Plastic Surgery), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor 48109
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18
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Yoshioka K, Kono T, Kitajima J, Nakagawa K, Yashiro N, Taniguchi S, Furukawa M, Hamada T. Squamous cell carcinoma developing in epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica. Int J Dermatol 1991; 30:718-21. [PMID: 1955228 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4362.1991.tb02618.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Two patients with epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica recessiva who had squamous cell carcinoma are presented. Case 1 is a 40-year-old woman who had ulcers on her left lower leg. Case 2 is a 42-year-old man who had a tumor on his left first toe. Wide surgical excision with skin coverage by autograft was performed in case 1. Amputation of the toe in case 2 was performed. A review of the cases of epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica associated with cancer reported in Japan is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yoshioka
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka City University Medical School, Japan
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Abstract
Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa is associated with a high incidence of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Despite aggressive surgical treatment, metastases occur frequently, and survival is generally poor. Chemotherapy for advanced disease has usually been avoided because of the potential for severe cutaneous toxicity. Two patients with autosomal recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa and advanced squamous cell carcinoma are described. Both received cisplatin-based systemic chemotherapy without significant toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Lentz
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
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Abstract
Hereditary epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a group of disorders of skin characterized by formation of blisters following minor trauma. There are at least sixteen types of hereditary EB. These types are reviewed in this article. There are several classifications of hereditary EB, and they are discussed, as well as current ideas on pathogenesis. Last, the treatment of this often recalcitrant group of diseases is discussed.
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Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa is a group of inherited disorders characterized by blistering of the skin as a result of minor trauma. The disease can be divided into three anatomical categories: Epidermolytic, where blister cleavage occurs within the epidermis; Junctional, which has blister cleavage within the lamina lucida; and Dermolytic, where blister cleavage occurs below the basal lamina in the upper papillary dermis. Each of these three categories can be divided into several distinct entities based on clinical and histologic criteria. Basic biochemical studies have increased our understanding of several of these diseases, most notably recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. Although therapy for patients with EB is largely supportive, increased knowledge of the biochemistry of these disorders is making direct therapeutic interventions possible.
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Briggaman RA. Hereditary Epidermolysis Bullosa with Special Emphasis on Newly Recognized Syndromes and Complications. Dermatol Clin 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0733-8635(18)31044-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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