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Nagavath R, Thupurani MK, Badithapuram V, Manchal R, Vasam CS, Thirukovela NS. Organo NHC catalyzed aqueous synthesis of 4β-isoxazole-podophyllotoxins: in vitro anticancer, caspase activation, tubulin polymerization inhibition and molecular docking studies. RSC Adv 2024; 14:23574-23582. [PMID: 39070249 PMCID: PMC11276401 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra04297b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
We present, for the first time, the organo-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of 4β-O-propargyl podophyllotoxin (1) with in situ aromatic nitrile oxides to afford regioselective 4β-isoxazolepodophyllotoxin hybrids (6a-n) in benign aqueous-organic media. Preliminary anticancer activity results showed that compound 6e displayed superior activity against MCF-7, HeLa and MIA PaCa2 human cell lines compared with podophyllotoxin. Compounds 6j and 6n showed greater activity against the MCF-7 cell line than the positive control. Caspase activation studies revealed that compound 6e at 20 μg ml-1 concentration had greater caspase 3/7 activation in MCF-7 and MIAPaCa2 cells than podophyllotoxin. Furthermore, in vitro tubulin polymerization inhibition studies revealed that compound 6e showed comparable activity with podophyllotoxin. Finally, in silico molecular docking studies of compounds 6e, 6j, 6n and podophyllotoxin on α,β-tubulin (pdb id 1SA0) revealed that compound 6n showed excellent binding energies and inhibition constants compared with podophyllotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Nagavath
- Department of Chemistry, Chaitanya (Deemed to be University) Himayathnagar (V), Moinabad (M), Ranga Reddy (D) Hyderabad India
| | - Murali Krishna Thupurani
- Department of Biotechnology, Chaitanya (Deemed to be University) Himayathnagar (V), Moinabad (M), Ranga Reddy (D) Hyderabad India
| | - Vinitha Badithapuram
- Department of Chemistry, Chaitanya (Deemed to be University) Himayathnagar (V), Moinabad (M), Ranga Reddy (D) Hyderabad India
| | - Ravinder Manchal
- Department of Chemistry, Chaitanya (Deemed to be University) Himayathnagar (V), Moinabad (M), Ranga Reddy (D) Hyderabad India
| | | | - Narasimha Swamy Thirukovela
- Department of Chemistry, Chaitanya (Deemed to be University) Himayathnagar (V), Moinabad (M), Ranga Reddy (D) Hyderabad India
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2
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Chan WJJ, Adiwidjaja J, McLachlan AJ, Boddy AV, Harnett JE. Interactions between natural products and cancer treatments: underlying mechanisms and clinical importance. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2023; 91:103-119. [PMID: 36707434 PMCID: PMC9905199 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-023-04504-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Natural products, also referred to as dietary supplements, complementary and alternative medicines, and health or food supplements are widely used by people living with cancer. These products are predominantly self-selected and taken concurrently with cancer treatments with the intention of improving quality of life, immune function and reducing cancer symptoms and treatment side effects. Concerns have been raised that concurrent use may lead to interactions resulting in adverse effects and unintended treatment outcomes. This review provides an overview of the mechanisms by which these interactions can occur and the current evidence about specific clinically important natural product-drug interactions. Clinical studies investigating pharmacokinetic interactions provide evidence that negative treatment outcomes may occur when Hypericum perforatum, Grapefruit, Schisandra sphenanthera, Curcuma longa or Hydrastis canadensis are taken concurrently with common cancer treatments. Conversely, pharmacodynamic interactions between Hangeshashinto (TJ-14) and some cancer treatments have been shown to reduce the side effects of diarrhoea and oral mucositis. In summary, research in this area is limited and requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai-Jo Jocelin Chan
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Jeffry Adiwidjaja
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Andrew J McLachlan
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Alan V Boddy
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Joanna E Harnett
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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3
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Luo M, Ye L, Chang R, Ye Y, Zhang Z, Liu C, Li S, Jing Y, Ruan H, Zhang G, He Y, Liu Y, Xue Y, Chen X, Guo AY, Liu H, Han L. Multi-omics characterization of autophagy-related molecular features for therapeutic targeting of autophagy. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6345. [PMID: 36289218 PMCID: PMC9606020 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33946-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a major contributor to anti-cancer therapy resistance. Many efforts have been made to understand and overcome autophagy-mediated therapy resistance, but these efforts have been unsuccessful in clinical applications. In this study, we establish an autophagy signature to estimate tumor autophagy status. We then classify approximately 10,000 tumor samples across 33 cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas into autophagy score-high and autophagy score-low groups. We characterize the associations between multi-dimensional molecular features and tumor autophagy, and further analyse the effects of autophagy status on drug response. In contrast to the conventional view that the induction of autophagy serves as a key resistance mechanism during cancer therapy, our analysis reveals that autophagy induction may also sensitize cancer cells to anti-cancer drugs. We further experimentally validate this phenomenon for several anti-cancer drugs in vitro and in vivo, and reveal that autophagy inducers potentially sensitizes tumor cells to etoposide through downregulating the expression level of DDIT4. Our study provides a comprehensive landscape of molecular alterations associated with tumor autophagy and highlights an opportunity to leverage multi-omics analysis to utilize multiple drug sensitivity induced by autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Luo
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Center for Artificial Intelligence Biology, Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Lin Ye
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ruimin Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Youqiong Ye
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chunjie Liu
- Center for Artificial Intelligence Biology, Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shengli Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ying Jing
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hang Ruan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Guanxiong Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi He
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yaoming Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yu Xue
- Center for Artificial Intelligence Biology, Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - An-Yuan Guo
- Center for Artificial Intelligence Biology, Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Leng Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Center for Epigenetics and Disease Prevention, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, USA.
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Ai X, Qiu B, Zhou Y, Li S, Li Q, Huan J, Li J, Hu N, Chen N, Liu F, Wang D, Chu C, Wang B, Chen L, Jiang H, Huang S, Huang X, Bi N, Liu H. Comparison and quantification of different concurrent chemotherapy regimens with radiotherapy in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer: Clinical outcomes and theoretical results from an extended LQ and TCP model. Radiother Oncol 2021; 167:34-41. [PMID: 34890734 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2021.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a new radiobiological model and compare the efficacy of four concurrent chemotherapy regimens administered with radiotherapy in locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (LANSCLC) by in-field locoregional progression-free survival (LPFS). MATERIALS AND METHODS 151 LANSCLC patients were reviewed and divided into 5 groups according to their concurrent chemotherapy regimens, including 24 patients treated with radiotherapy alone, 30 treated with concurrent 4-week etoposide-cisplatin (EP), 26 with 3-week pemetrexed-cisplatin (AP), 37 with weekly paclitaxel-cisplatin (TP) and 34 with weekly docetaxel-cisplatin (DP). In-field LPFS and toxicities were compared among groups. A novel tumor control probability (TCP) model, LQRGC, incorporating four "R"s of radiobiology, Gompertzian tumor growth and chemotherapeutic effect, was related to in-field LPFS. Chemo-induced biologically effective doses (BEDs) in LQRGC/TCP model were used to quantify the concurrent chemotherapeutic efficacy. RESULTS The median follow-up time was 54.5 months. The weekly DP and 4-week EP groups had favorable median in-field LPFS (EP:46.2 months, AP:30.3 months, TP:12.2 months, DP: not reached, radiotherapy alone: 12.2 months, p = 0.001). The 4-week EP group had a higher incidence of ≥grade 3 leukopenia (EP:76.7%, AP:15.4%, TP:24.3%, DP:14.7%, radiotherapy alone: 12.5%, p < 0.001) than the other four. The LQRGC/TCP model fitted well with the in-field LPFS with the average absolute and relative fitting errors of 6.36% and 12.12%. The chemo-induced BEDs of EP, AP, TP and DP were 5.17, 0.63, 1.89 and 2.52 Gy, respectively. CONCLUSION The LQRGC/TCP model achieved promising fitting accuracy for in-field LPFS. As quantified by the model, the 4-week EP and weekly DP showed higher chemo-induced BEDs when concurrently administered with radiotherapy in LANSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- XinLei Ai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Bo Qiu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China; Lung Cancer Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Association Study of Thoracic Oncology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yin Zhou
- Evidance Medical Technologies Inc., Suzhou, PR China
| | - Su Li
- Clinical Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - QiWen Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China; Lung Cancer Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Association Study of Thoracic Oncology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jian Huan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, PR China
| | - JiBin Li
- Clinical Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Nan Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - NaiBin Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - FangJie Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - DaQuan Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Chu Chu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - HaiHang Jiang
- Homology Medical Technologies Inc., Ningbo, PR China
| | - ShiYu Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chengdu Western Hospital, Chengdu, PR China
| | - XiaoYan Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Nan Bi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China; Lung Cancer Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Association Study of Thoracic Oncology, Guangzhou, PR China.
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5
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Hongo H, Kosaka T, Suzuki Y, Mikami S, Fukada J, Oya M. Topoisomerase II alpha inhibition can overcome taxane-resistant prostate cancer through DNA repair pathways. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22284. [PMID: 34782700 PMCID: PMC8593019 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01697-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cabazitaxel (CBZ) is approved for the treatment of docetaxel-resistant castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). However, its efficacy against CRPC is limited, and there are no effective treatments for CBZ-resistant CRPC. This study explored the optimal treatment for CRPC in the post-cabazitaxel setting. PC3 (CBZ-sensitive) and PC3CR cells (CBZ-resistant) were used in this study. We performed in silico drug screening for candidate drugs that could reprogram the gene expression signature of PC3CR cells. The in vivo effect of the drug combination was tested in xenograft mice models. We identified etoposide (VP16) as a promising treatment candidate for CBZ-resistant CRPC. The WST assay revealed that VP16 had a significant antitumor effect on PC3CR cells. PC3CR cells exhibited significantly higher topoisomerase II alpha (TOP2A) expression than PC3 cells. Higher TOP2A expression was a poor prognostic factor in The Cancer Genome Atlas prostate cancer cohort. In the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center dataset, docetaxel-exposed tissues and metastatic tumors had higher TOP2A expression. In addition, VP16 significantly inhibited the growth of tumors generated from both cell lines. Based on these findings, VP16-based chemotherapy may be an optimal treatment for CPRC in the post-CBZ setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Hongo
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takeo Kosaka
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Yoko Suzuki
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shuji Mikami
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Keio University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junichi Fukada
- Department of Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mototsugu Oya
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
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Lin MHC, Chang LC, Chung CY, Huang WC, Lee MH, Chen KT, Lai PS, Yang JT. Photochemical Internalization of Etoposide Using Dendrimer Nanospheres Loaded with Etoposide and Protoporphyrin IX on a Glioblastoma Cell Line. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111877. [PMID: 34834292 PMCID: PMC8621426 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant primary neoplasm of the adult central nervous system originating from glial cells. The prognosis of those affected by GBM has remained poor despite advances in surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Photochemical internalization (PCI) is a release mechanism of endocytosed therapeutics into the cytoplasm, which relies on the membrane disruptive effect of light-activated photosensitizers. In this study, phototherapy by PCI was performed on a human GBM cell-line using the topoisomerase II inhibitor etoposide (Etop) and the photosensitizer protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) loaded in nanospheres (Ns) made from generation-5 polyamidoamine dendrimers (PAMAM(G5)). The resultant formulation, Etop/PpIX-PAMAM(G5) Ns, measured 217.4 ± 2.9 nm in diameter and 40.5 ± 1.3 mV in charge. Confocal microscopy demonstrated PpIX fluorescence within the endo-lysosomal compartment, and an almost twofold increase in cellular uptake compared to free PpIX by flow cytometry. Phototherapy with 3 min and 5 min light illumination resulted in a greater extent of synergism than with co-administered Etop and PpIX; notably, antagonism was observed without light illumination. Mechanistically, significant increases in oxidative stress and apoptosis were observed with Etop/PpIX-PAMAM(G5) Ns upon 5 min of light illumination in comparison to treatment with either of the agents alone. In conclusion, simultaneous delivery and endo-lysosomal co-localization of Etop and PpIX by PAMAM(G5) Ns leads to a synergistic effect by phototherapy; in addition, the finding of antagonism without light illumination can be advantageous in lowering the dark toxicity and improving photo-selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hsiu-Chu Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chia-Yi Branch, Chia-Yi 61363, Taiwan; (M.H.-C.L.); (C.-Y.C.); (W.-C.H.); (M.-H.L.); (K.-T.C.)
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- Ph.D. Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ching Chang
- Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chia-Yi Branch, Chia-Yi 61363, Taiwan;
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi 61363, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Yen Chung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chia-Yi Branch, Chia-Yi 61363, Taiwan; (M.H.-C.L.); (C.-Y.C.); (W.-C.H.); (M.-H.L.); (K.-T.C.)
| | - Wei-Chao Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chia-Yi Branch, Chia-Yi 61363, Taiwan; (M.H.-C.L.); (C.-Y.C.); (W.-C.H.); (M.-H.L.); (K.-T.C.)
| | - Ming-Hsueh Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chia-Yi Branch, Chia-Yi 61363, Taiwan; (M.H.-C.L.); (C.-Y.C.); (W.-C.H.); (M.-H.L.); (K.-T.C.)
| | - Kuo-Tai Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chia-Yi Branch, Chia-Yi 61363, Taiwan; (M.H.-C.L.); (C.-Y.C.); (W.-C.H.); (M.-H.L.); (K.-T.C.)
| | - Ping-Shan Lai
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Jen-Tsung Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chia-Yi Branch, Chia-Yi 61363, Taiwan; (M.H.-C.L.); (C.-Y.C.); (W.-C.H.); (M.-H.L.); (K.-T.C.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-5-3621000 (ext. 3412); Fax: +886-5-3621000 (ext. 3002)
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7
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Pape UF, Kasper S, Meiler J, Sinn M, Vogel A, Müller L, Burkhard O, Caca K, Heeg S, Büchner-Steudel P, Rodriguez-Laval V, Kühl AA, Arsenic R, Jansen H, Treasure P, Utku N. Efficacy and Safety of CAP7.1 as Second-Line Treatment for Advanced Biliary Tract Cancers: Data from a Randomised Phase II Study. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113149. [PMID: 33121007 PMCID: PMC7692271 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Advanced biliary tract cancer is difficult to treat, and 5-year survival is less than 5% for tumours that cannot be removed by surgery. CAP7.1 is a drug being investigated for biliary tract cancer. This study assessed treatment with CAP7.1 in patients with advanced biliary tract cancer whose disease had progressed despite receiving other treatments. One group of patients received CAP7.1 together with best supportive care (BSC) and another group received BSC from their physician. The patients receiving BSC were subsequently given CAP7.1 if their disease was seen to progress. Disease control in those receiving CAP7.1 was better than that observed in patients who received BSC, with an associated greater time to disease progression. Side effects were as expected for this type of anti-cancer drug, related to dose of CAP7.1, and manageable. CAP7.1 may offer a new treatment option for biliary tract cancer and should undergo further clinical investigation. Abstract CAP7.1 is a novel topoisomerase II inhibitor, converted to active etoposide via carboxylesterase 2 (CES2), with signals of efficacy in treatment-refractory solid tumours. In a Phase II trial, 27 patients with advanced biliary tract cancers (BTC) were randomised 1:1 to CAP7.1 plus best supportive care (BSC), or BSC alone, with crossover to CAP7.1 upon disease progression. The primary objective was disease control rate (DCR) following 28-day cycles of CAP7.1 (200/150 mg/m2; iv), or BSC until progression. Secondary objectives included progression-free survival (PFS), time-to-treatment failure (TTF), overall survival (OS) and safety. Fourteen patients received CAP7.1 and 13 BSC. DCR favoured CAP7.1 vs. BSC (50% vs. 20%; treatment difference: 30%, 95%CI −18.44, 69.22, full analysis set [FAS]), with disease progression in 40% vs. 70%, respectively. Significantly longer median PFS was achieved for CAP7.1 vs. BSC: 66 vs. 39 days, respectively (hazard ratio [HR] 0.31; 95%CI 0.11, 0.86; p = 0.009; FAS). Similar trends were observed for TTF and OS. CES2-positive patients had longer median PFS (158 vs. 56 days) and OS (228 vs. 82 days) vs. CES2-negative patients. Adverse events were predictable, dose-dependent and consistent with those previously observed with etoposide. These efficacy and safety findings in second-line BTC warrant further clinical investigation of CAP7.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich-Frank Pape
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Campus Charité Mitte and Virchow Klinikum, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Germany and Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Asklepios Klinik St. Georg, Asklepios Tumorzentrum, Hamburg ATZHH, 20099 Hamburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (U.-F.P.); (N.U.)
| | - Stefan Kasper
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (S.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Johannes Meiler
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (S.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Marianne Sinn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Universitäts Klinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany;
- Department of Gastroenterology, Campus Charité Mitte and Virchow Klinikum, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Arndt Vogel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Lothar Müller
- Onkologische Schwerpunktpraxis Leer-Emden-Papenburg, 26789 Leer, Germany;
| | | | - Karel Caca
- Klinikum Ludwigsburg, 71640 Ludwigsburg, Germany;
| | - Steffen Heeg
- Department of Medicine II, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 70085 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Petra Büchner-Steudel
- Martin-Luther-University Halle Wittenberg, Medizinische Fakultät, Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | | | - Anja A Kühl
- iPATH.Berlin, Core Unit of the Charité, Hindenburgdamm, 12203 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Ruza Arsenic
- Instituts für Histologische und Zytologische Diagnostik AG, 5000 Aarau, Switzerland;
| | - Holger Jansen
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Peter Treasure
- Peter Treasure Statistical Services Ltd., Stow Bridge PE34 3NR, UK;
| | - Nalân Utku
- Instituts für Histologische und Zytologische Diagnostik AG, 5000 Aarau, Switzerland;
- CellAct Pharma, 44137 Dortmund, Germany
- Correspondence: (U.-F.P.); (N.U.)
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McLean J, Katebian R, Suh E, Mirza K, Amin S. Neonatal Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis. Neoreviews 2020; 20:e316-e325. [PMID: 31261095 DOI: 10.1542/neo.20-6-e316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is extremely rare in the neonatal period. The incidence of neonatal HLH is not confirmed and may range from 1 in 50,000 to 150,000. The incidence varies based on ethnicity, particularly in populations in which consanguinity is common. HLH is associated with a high fatality rate and poor prognosis, making it important to recognize and diagnose it early. This review will concentrate primarily on the diagnosis and management of neonatal HLH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kamran Mirza
- Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
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Mashni O, Qasem K, Sara AA, Awad W. Etoposide dosage adjustment in two patients with neuroendocrine tumors and severe liver impairment. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2020; 26:500-506. [DOI: 10.1177/1078155219859630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Limited data are available on dosing etoposide in patients with liver impairment. Case report We report the dosing strategies for etoposide utilized in two patients with neuroendocrine tumors and severe liver impairment. Management and outcomes Treatment consisted of platinum-based chemotherapy regimens, with the decision of whether to administer etoposide and at what doses being based on the liver function before each chemotherapy cycle. By the end of treatment, total bilirubin was normal, and the performance status of both patients had improved, with stable computed tomography scan findings. Discussion The reported two cases suggest that the administration of etoposide at reduced doses with close monitoring in patients with neuroendocrine tumors and severe liver impairment may still be considered as an option and may improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Mashni
- Department of Pharmacy, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Khlood Qasem
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Aseel Abu Sara
- Department of Pharmacy, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Wedad Awad
- Department of Pharmacy, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
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Rabaça A, Ferreira C, Bernardino R, Alves M, Oliveira P, Viana P, Barros A, Sousa M, Sá R. Use of antioxidant could ameliorate the negative impact of etoposide on human sperm DNA during chemotherapy. Reprod Biomed Online 2020; 40:856-866. [PMID: 32376314 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2020.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION A previous study showed that N-acetylcysteine (NAC), used after in-vitro exposure to the gonadotoxic chemotherapeutic drug etoposide, has the ability to decrease DNA damage in human spermatozoa; however, it showed no benefit when used before exposure. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the NAC on the preservation of sperm quality during in-vitro exposure to etoposide. DESIGN Twenty semen samples were submitted to four experimental conditions: control, NAC-only incubation, etoposide-only incubation, and concomitant etoposide and NAC incubation. After in-vitro incubation, semen parameters, sperm chromatin condensation, sperm DNA fragmentation, sperm oxidative stress and sperm metabolism were used to evaluate the role of NAC in protecting human spermatozoa from etoposide. RESULTS Etoposide did not affect semen parameters, nor did it cause sperm oxidative damage or alterations in glycolytic profile. However, it induced chromatin decondensation and DNA fragmentation, which were fully prevented by NAC. CONCLUSIONS NAC was able to protect sperm DNA integrity during etoposide treatment in vitro, suggesting that NAC may be useful as an adjuvant agent in preserving male fertility during chemotherapy treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rabaça
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Carolina Ferreira
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Bernardino
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal; Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marco Alves
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal; Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Oliveira
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Health Institute of Research and Innovation (IPATIMUP/i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Viana
- Centre for Reproductive Genetics A. Barros (CGR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Alberto Barros
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Health Institute of Research and Innovation (IPATIMUP/i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Centre for Reproductive Genetics A. Barros (CGR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Mário Sousa
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal; Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rosália Sá
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal; Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Hempel G. Pharmacotherapy in Children and Adolescents: Oncology. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2020; 261:415-440. [PMID: 31792677 DOI: 10.1007/164_2019_306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacotherapy in paediatric oncology is a difficult task. It is challenging to determine the optimal dose in children of different age groups. In addition, anticancer drugs display severe side effects reducing the quality of life. Late effects like secondary tumours and cardiotoxicity can be apparent years after treatment and must be taken into account when planning treatment schedules. Classical cytoreducing agents are still of great importance in treating children with leukaemia and solid tumours. In addition, drugs developed by rational drug design (targeted drugs) are a very important part of many treatment protocols, and newer drugs are emerging in several types of cancer. Unfortunately, there is only limited experience with newer drugs in children, because new drugs are mostly developed for adults. Complicated therapy regimens require a solid knowledge of the pharmacology of the drugs applied. This chapter attempts to introduce some pharmacological knowledge for the most important anticancer drugs in children with a focus on side effects and age-specific considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Hempel
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Klinische Pharmazie, Münster, Germany.
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12
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Kim KS, Youn YS, Bae YH. Immune-triggered cancer treatment by intestinal lymphatic delivery of docetaxel-loaded nanoparticle. J Control Release 2019; 311-312:85-95. [PMID: 31461664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The maximally tolerated dose (MTD) approach in conventional chemotherapy accompanies adverse effects, primarily due to high drug concentrations in the blood after intravenous administration and non-specific damages to highly proliferating cells, including immune cells. This causes the immune system to dysfunction. To rather boost intrinsic tumor-fighting immune capacity, we demonstrate a new oral route treatment regimen of docetaxel (DTX) without apparent toxicity. The DTX-loaded cationic solid lipid nanoparticles (DSLN-CSG) were coated with an anionic polymer conjugated with glycocholic acid. The resulting nanoparticles (DSLN-CSG, ~120 nm in diameter) were actively absorbed in the distal ileum mediated by interactions with the apical sodium bile acid transporter. The plasma DTX profile was sustained up to 24 h after a single oral dose and did not impair the functions of the immune system. In mouse models, daily oral DSLN-CSG administration inhibited the growth of existing tumors and tumor formation by medication prior to cancer cell inoculation. The extent of effects depended on the cancer cell lines of melanoma, colorectal adenocarcinoma, and breast carcinoma. It was most effective for melanoma in growth inhibition and in preventing tumor formation in mice. During the medication, the cytotoxic T cell population increased while the populations of tumor-associated macrophage and regulatory T cell declined. The low dose daily oral treatment may help patients with intermittent maintenance therapy between MTD cycles and prevent tumor recurrence after completing remission for certain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Sub Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Yu Seok Youn
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - You Han Bae
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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Baetas J, Rabaça A, Gonçalves A, Barros A, Sousa M, Sá R. Protective role of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on human sperm exposed to etoposide. Basic Clin Androl 2019; 29:3. [PMID: 30774957 PMCID: PMC6366041 DOI: 10.1186/s12610-018-0082-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although recent progress in cancer treatment has increased patient survival and improved quality of life, reproductive side effects are still for concern. One way to decrease gonadal impairment is to use cytoprotectors. In testicular cancer, etoposide is generally used in combination with other agents, but there are no in-vitro studies of sperm exposure to etoposide and cytoprotectors, namely N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Methods Twenty semen samples were individually divided into five groups: control, incubation with NAC alone, incubation with etoposide alone, sequential exposure of NAC followed by etoposide (pre-treatment) and sequential exposure of etoposide followed by NAC (post-treatment). Sperm characteristics, chromatin condensation (aniline blue), DNA fragmentation (TUNEL), oxidative stress (OxyDNA labelling) and glutathione quantification were used to evaluate the capabilities of NAC as a prophylactic (pre-treatment) or ameliorator (post-treatment) agent over the effects caused in sperm during in-vitro exposure to etoposide. Results No deleterious effects were observed on sperm motility or sperm membrane integrity. Results revealed that prophylactic use of NAC (pre-treatment) increased rates of immature sperm chromatin as compared to ameliorator use of NAC (post-treatment), and increased rates of sperm DNA fragmentation in relation to controls. Pre and post-treatment with NAC increased oxidative levels in comparison to controls, but also increased levels of cellular antioxidant glutathione. Conclusions The results indicate that NAC has the ability to counteract etoposide-induced toxicity rather than preventing the etoposide cytotoxic effects over sperm DNA, suggesting that the administration of NAC to cells formerly exposed to etoposide is preferable to its prophylactic use. As the results evidenced that NAC seems to be more efficient in attenuating sperm etoposide cytotoxic effects instead of being used as a chemoprophylactic agent, this reinforces the idea that there might be a new NAC mechanism over DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Baetas
- 1Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto (UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.,2Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Rabaça
- 1Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto (UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Gonçalves
- Centre for Reproductive Genetics A. Barros (CGR), Av. do Bessa, 240, 1° Dto. Frente, 4100-012 Porto, Portugal
| | - Alberto Barros
- Centre for Reproductive Genetics A. Barros (CGR), Av. do Bessa, 240, 1° Dto. Frente, 4100-012 Porto, Portugal.,4Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.,5Health Institute of Research and Innovation (IPATIMUP/i3S), University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mário Sousa
- 1Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto (UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.,6Multidisciplinary Unit for Biomedical Research (UMIB), University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rosália Sá
- 1Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto (UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.,6Multidisciplinary Unit for Biomedical Research (UMIB), University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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Masarkar N, Mukherjee S, Goel SK, Nema R. Naturally Derived Formulations and Prospects towards Cancer. Health (London) 2019. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2019.117078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Wang F, Ye X, Wu Y, Wang H, Sheng C, Peng D, Chen W. Time Interval of Two Injections and First-Dose Dependent of Accelerated Blood Clearance Phenomenon Induced by PEGylated Liposomal Gambogenic Acid: The Contribution of PEG-Specific IgM. J Pharm Sci 2018; 108:641-651. [PMID: 30595169 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Repeated injection of PEGylated liposomes can cause the disappearance of long circulating property because of the induction of anti-PEG IgM antibody referred to as "accelerated blood clearance (ABC) phenomenon." Although ABC phenomenon typically occurs when entrapped drugs are chemotherapeutic agent with low cytotoxic, there is little evidence of accelerated blood clearance of PEGylated herbal-derived compound on repeated injection. Herein, we investigated the blood concentration of PEGylated liposomal gambogenic acid (PEG-GEA-L), a model PEGylated liposomal herbal extract, on its repeated injection to rats. We found time interval between injections had considerable impact on the magnitude of ABC phenomenon induced by PEG-GEA-L. When time interval was prolonged from 3 days to 7 days, ABC phenomenon could be attenuated. Furthermore, its magnitude was enhanced accompanied by a marked rise in the accumulation of PEG-GEA-L in the liver and spleen in a first-dose-dependent manner. Consistently, the level of anti-PEG IgM significantly increased with the first dose of PEG-GEA-L and decreased with the extended time interval between injections, which implies anti-PEG IgM is a major contributor to the ABC phenomenon. Notably, the increased expression of liver anti-PEG IgM was accompanied by an increased expression of efflux transporters in the induction process of the ABC phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengling Wang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China; Department of Pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei 230011, Anhui, China
| | - Xi Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei 230011, Anhui, China
| | - Yifan Wu
- Institute of Drug Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Huihui Wang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Chengming Sheng
- Institute of Drug Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Daiyin Peng
- Institute of Drug Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China.
| | - Weidong Chen
- Institute of Drug Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China.
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16
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Vara-Ciruelos D, Dandapani M, Gray A, Egbani EO, Evans AM, Hardie DG. Genotoxic Damage Activates the AMPK-α1 Isoform in the Nucleus via Ca 2+/CaMKK2 Signaling to Enhance Tumor Cell Survival. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 16:345-357. [PMID: 29133590 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Many genotoxic cancer treatments activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), but the mechanisms of AMPK activation in response to DNA damage, and its downstream consequences, have been unclear. In this study, etoposide activates the α1 but not the α2 isoform of AMPK, primarily within the nucleus. AMPK activation is independent of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM), a DNA damage-activated kinase, and the principal upstream kinase for AMPK, LKB1, but correlates with increased nuclear Ca2+ and requires the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase, CaMKK2. Intriguingly, Ca2+-dependent activation of AMPK in two different LKB1-null cancer cell lines caused G1-phase cell-cycle arrest, and enhanced cell viability/survival after etoposide treatment, with both effects being abolished by knockout of AMPK-α1 and α2. The CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib also caused G1 arrest in G361 but not HeLa cells and, consistent with this, enhanced cell survival after etoposide treatment only in G361 cells. These results suggest that AMPK activation protects cells against etoposide by limiting entry into S-phase, where cells would be more vulnerable to genotoxic stress.Implications: These results reveal that the α1 isoform of AMPK promotes tumorigenesis by protecting cells against genotoxic stress, which may explain findings that the gene encoding AMPK-α1 (but not -α2) is amplified in some human cancers. Furthermore, α1-selective inhibitors might enhance the anticancer effects of genotoxic-based therapies. Mol Cancer Res; 16(2); 345-57. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Vara-Ciruelos
- Division of Cell Signalling & Immunology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Madhumita Dandapani
- Division of Cell Signalling & Immunology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Gray
- Division of Cell Signalling & Immunology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Ejaife O Egbani
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - A Mark Evans
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - D Grahame Hardie
- Division of Cell Signalling & Immunology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom.
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Kumar P, Wasim L, Chopra M, Chhikara A. Co-delivery of Vorinostat and Etoposide Via Disulfide Cross-Linked Biodegradable Polymeric Nanogels: Synthesis, Characterization, Biodegradation, and Anticancer Activity. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:634-647. [PMID: 28948528 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-017-0863-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment regimens for cancer patients using single chemotherapeutic agents often lead to undesirable toxicity, drug resistance, reduced uptake etc. Combination of two or more drugs is therefore becoming an imperative strategy to overcome these limitations. A step forward can be taken through delivery of the drugs used in combination via nanoparticles. Co-administration of chemotherapeutic drugs encapsulated in nanoparticles has been shown to result in synergistic effects and enhanced therapeutic efficacy. In present study, we explored the combination treatment of histone deacetylase inhibitor vorinostat (VOR) and topoisomerase II inhibitor etoposide (ETOP). The concurrent combination treatment of VOR and ETOP resulted in synergistic effect on human cervical HeLa cancer cells. VOR and ETOP were encapsulated into poly(ethylene glycol) monomethacrylate (POEOMA)-based disulfide cross-linked nanogels. The nanogels were synthesized using atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) via cyclohexane/water inverse mini-emulsion and were degradable in presence of intracellular glutathione (GSH) concentration. Both the drugs were loaded into the nanogels by physical encapsulation method and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Both VOR- and ETOP-loaded nanogels showed sustained release profile. Furthermore, combination treatment drugs encapsulated of POEOMA nanogel demonstrated enhanced synergistic cytotoxic effect compared with combination of free drugs. Enhanced synergistic cell killing efficiency of drug-loaded POEOMA nanogels was due to increased apoptosis via caspase 3/7 activation. Therefore, combination of VOR- and ETOP-loaded PEG-based biodegradable nanogels may provide a promising therapy with enhanced anticancer effect.
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Vishnuvardhan MVPS, V SR, Chandrasekhar K, Lakshma Nayak V, Sayeed IB, Alarifi A, Kamal A. Click chemistry-assisted synthesis of triazolo linked podophyllotoxin conjugates as tubulin polymerization inhibitors. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:1817-1823. [PMID: 30108892 PMCID: PMC6084182 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00273d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of new triazolo linked 4β-amidopodophyllotoxin conjugates (9a-l) were synthesized using click chemistry and evaluated for their antitumor activity against four human cancer cell lines. Among them, two compounds (9c and 9j) showed significant anticancer activity with IC50 values of 0.9 and 0.07 μM, respectively. Biological studies are conducted into the cell-cycle distribution of these conjugates inducing G2/M-phase arrest, apart from an increase in the levels of caspase-3 proteins, followed by apoptotic cell death. A tubulin polymerization assay analysis showed that these compounds effectively inhibit microtubule assembly in HeLa cells and, moreover, Hoechst 33258 and Immunohistochemistry staining suggest that these compounds induce cell death by apoptosis. The docking studies showed that compounds 9c and 9j interact and bind efficiently with the tubulin protein at the colchicine site.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V P S Vishnuvardhan
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology , CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Tarnaka , Hyderabad 500007 , India .
| | - Saidi Reddy V
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology , CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Tarnaka , Hyderabad 500007 , India .
| | - Kunta Chandrasekhar
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology , CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Tarnaka , Hyderabad 500007 , India .
| | - V Lakshma Nayak
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology , CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Tarnaka , Hyderabad 500007 , India .
| | - Ibrahim Bin Sayeed
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology , CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Tarnaka , Hyderabad 500007 , India .
| | - Abdullah Alarifi
- Catalytic Chemistry Research Chair , Chemistry Department , College of Science , King Saud University , Riyadh 11451 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Kamal
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology , CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Tarnaka , Hyderabad 500007 , India .
- Catalytic Chemistry Research Chair , Chemistry Department , College of Science , King Saud University , Riyadh 11451 , Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
Background The number of individuals aged 65 years and older is growing rapidly, and the majority of cancers are diagnosed in this age group. Age-related changes in physiology can affect chemotherapy pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in older patients. Methods We review the literature regarding the impact of age on the pharmacokinetics of commonly used chemotherapy drugs and discuss age-related changes in physiology and pharmacology that can affect chemotherapy tolerance in older patients. Results The data on age-related changes in chemotherapy pharmacokinetics are conflicting. While a few studies report age-related differences in chemotherapy pharmacokinetics, most found no significant difference or subtle differences in pharmacokinetics with aging. A difference in pharmacodynamics was commonly seen, however, with older patients at increased risk of myelosuppression and toxicity from age-related decline in organ function. The majority of these studies were performed in a small cohort of patients, thus limiting the generalizability of these results. Conclusions Additional studies are needed to address the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cancer therapies in the older patient. Multicenter pharmacokinetic studies of adequate sample size, which include a thorough evaluation of physiologic factors and geriatric assessment parameters, would provide further insight into the factors affecting treatment tolerance. These studies would also help to guide appropriate chemotherapy dosing and interventions in order to maximize efficacy and minimize toxicity in the older patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arti Hurria
- Cancer and Aging Research Program, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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De Nicola M, Bruni E, Traversa E, Ghibelli L. Slow release of etoposide from dextran conjugation shifts etoposide activity from cytotoxicity to differentiation: A promising tool for dosage control in anticancer metronomic therapy. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 13:2005-2014. [PMID: 28535989 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Drug conjugation, improving drug stability, solubility and body permanence, allows achieving impressive results in tumor control. Here, we show that conjugation may provide a straightforward method to administer drugs by the emerging anticancer metronomic approach, presently consisting of low, repeated doses of cytotoxic drugs used in traditional chemotherapy, thus reducing toxicity without reducing efficiency; however, low dose maintenance in tumor sites is difficult. We show that conjugating the antitumor drug etoposide to dextran via pH-sensitive bond produces slow releasing, apoptosis-proficient conjugates rapidly internalized into acidic lysosomes; importantly, release of active etoposide requires cell internalization and acidic pH. Conjugation, without impairing etoposide-induced complete elimination of tumor cells, shifted the mode of apoptosis from cytotoxicity- to differentiation-related; interestingly, high conjugate doses acted as low doses of free etoposide, thus mimicking the effect of metronomic therapy. This indicates slow release as a promising novel strategy for stabilizing low drug levels in metronomic regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena De Nicola
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy.
| | - Emanuele Bruni
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy.
| | - Enrico Traversa
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy; International Research Center for Renewable Energy (IRCRE), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Lina Ghibelli
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy.
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Kollinerová S, Dostál Z, Modrianský M. MicroRNA hsa-miR-29b potentiates etoposide toxicity in HeLa cells via down-regulation of Mcl-1. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 40:289-296. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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22
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Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling of etoposide tumor growth inhibitory effect in Walker-256 tumor-bearing rat model using free intratumoral drug concentrations. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 97:70-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Shin HJ, Kwon HK, Lee JH, Anwar MA, Choi S. Etoposide induced cytotoxicity mediated by ROS and ERK in human kidney proximal tubule cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34064. [PMID: 27666530 PMCID: PMC5036097 DOI: 10.1038/srep34064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Etoposide (ETO) is a commonly used chemotherapeutic drug that inhibits topoisomerase II activity, thereby leading to genotoxicity and cytotoxicity. However, ETO has limited application due to its side effects on normal organs, especially the kidney. Here, we report the mechanism of ETO-induced cytotoxicity progression in human kidney proximal tubule (HK-2) cells. Our results show that ETO perpetuates DNA damage, activates mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and triggers morphological changes, such as cell and nuclear swelling. When NAC, a well-known reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, is co-treated with ETO, it inhibits an ETO-induced increase in mitochondrial mass, mitochondrial DNA (ND1 and ND4) copy number, intracellular ATP level, and mitochondrial biogenesis activators (TFAM, PGC-1α and PGC-1β). Moreover, co-treatment with ETO and NAC inhibits ETO-induced necrosis and cell swelling, but not apoptosis. Studies using MAPK inhibitors reveal that inhibition of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) protects ETO-induced cytotoxicity by inhibiting DNA damage and caspase 3/7 activity. Eventually, ERK inhibitor treated cells are protected from ETO-induced nuclear envelope (NE) rupture and DNA leakage through inhibition of caspase activity. Taken together, these data suggest that ETO mediates cytotoxicity in HK-2 cells through ROS and ERK pathways, which highlight the preventive avenues in ETO-induced cytotoxicity in kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Jun Shin
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, 443-749, Korea
| | - Hyuk-Kwon Kwon
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, 443-749, Korea
| | - Jae-Hyeok Lee
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, 443-749, Korea.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Muhammad Ayaz Anwar
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, 443-749, Korea
| | - Sangdun Choi
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, 443-749, Korea
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Silva FPL, Dantas BB, Faheina Martins GV, de Araújo DAM, Vasconcellos MLADA. Synthesis and Anticancer Activities of Novel Guanylhydrazone and Aminoguanidine Tetrahydropyran Derivatives. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21060671. [PMID: 27338323 PMCID: PMC6274535 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21060671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper we present the convenient syntheses of six new guanylhydrazone and aminoguanidine tetrahydropyran derivatives 2-7. The guanylhydrazone 2, 3 and 4 were prepared in 100% yield, starting from corresponding aromatic ketones 8a-c and aminoguanidine hydrochloride accessed by microwave irradiation. The aminoguanidine 5, 6 and 7 were prepared by reduction of guanylhydrazone 2-4 with sodium cyanoborohydride (94% yield of 5, and 100% yield of 6 and 7). The aromatic ketones 8a-c were prepared from the Barbier reaction followed by the Prins cyclization reaction (two steps, 63%-65% and 95%-98%). Cytotoxicity studies have demonstrated the effects of compounds 2-7 in various cancer and normal cell lines. That way, we showed that these compounds decreased cell viabilities in a micromolar range, and from all the compounds tested we can state that, at least, compound 3 can be considered a promising molecule for target-directed drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Pedrosa Lins Silva
- Departamento de Química, Campus I, Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Medicinal da Paraíba (LASOM-PB), Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, CEP:58051-900, Paraíba, Brazil.
| | - Bruna Braga Dantas
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Campus I, Laboratório de Biotecnologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, CEP:58051-900, Paraíba, Brazil.
| | - Gláucia Veríssimo Faheina Martins
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Campus I, Laboratório de Biotecnologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, CEP:58051-900, Paraíba, Brazil.
| | - Demétrius Antônio Machado de Araújo
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Campus I, Laboratório de Biotecnologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, CEP:58051-900, Paraíba, Brazil.
| | - Mário Luiz Araújo de Almeida Vasconcellos
- Departamento de Química, Campus I, Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Medicinal da Paraíba (LASOM-PB), Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, CEP:58051-900, Paraíba, Brazil.
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Yang L, Yuan Y, Fu C, Xu X, Zhou J, Wang S, Kong L, Li Z, Guo Q, Wei L. LZ-106, a novel analog of enoxacin, inducing apoptosis via activation of ROS-dependent DNA damage response in NSCLCs. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 95:155-68. [PMID: 27012423 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer, especially non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), plays the leading role in cancer which is closely related to a myriad of fatal results. Unfortunately, current molecular mechanisms and clinical treatment of NSCLC still remain to be explored despite the fact that intensive investigations have been carried out in the last two decades. Recently, growing attention to finding exploitable sources of anticancer agents is refocused on quinolone compounds, an antibiotic with a long period of clinic application, for their remarkable cell-killing activity against not only bacteria, but eukaryotes as well. In this study, we found LZ-106, an analog of enoxacin, exhibiting potent inhibitory effects on NSCLC in both cultured cells and xenograft mouse model. We identified apoptosis-inducing action of LZ-106 in NSCLC cells through the mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress apoptotic pathways via Annexin-V/PI double-staining assay, membrane potential detection, calcium level detection and the expression analysis of the key apoptotic proteins. Through comet assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection, the expression analysis of DNA damage response (DDR) marker γ-H2AX and other DDR-related proteins, we also demonstrated that LZ-106 notably induced ROS overproduction and DDR. Interestingly, additional evidence in our findings revealed that DDR and apoptosis could be alleviated in the presence of ROS scavenger N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), indicating ROS-dependent DDR involvement in LZ-106-induced apoptosis. Thus our data not only offered a new therapeutic candidate for NSCLC, but also put new insights into the pharmacological research of quinolones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yinan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chengyu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xuefen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jieying Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shuhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lingyi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhiyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qinglong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Libin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Papież MA, Krzyściak W, Szade K, Bukowska-Straková K, Kozakowska M, Hajduk K, Bystrowska B, Dulak J, Jozkowicz A. Curcumin enhances the cytogenotoxic effect of etoposide in leukemia cells through induction of reactive oxygen species. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2016; 10:557-70. [PMID: 26893544 PMCID: PMC4745860 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s92687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin may exert a more selective cytotoxic effect in tumor cells with elevated levels of free radicals. Here, we investigated whether curcumin can modulate etoposide action in myeloid leukemia cells and in normal cells of hematopoietic origin. HL-60 cell line, normal myeloid progenitor cluster of differentiation (CD)-34+ cells, and granulocytes were incubated for 4 or 24 hours at different concentrations of curcumin and/or etoposide. Brown Norway rats with acute myeloid leukemia (BNML) were used to prove the influence of curcumin on etoposide action in vivo. Rats were treated with curcumin for 23 days and etoposide was administered for the final 3 days of the experiment. Curcumin synergistically potentiated the cytotoxic effect of etoposide, and it intensified apoptosis and phosphorylation of the histone H2AX induced by this cytostatic drug in leukemic HL-60 cells. In contrast, curcumin did not significantly modify etoposide-induced cytotoxicity and H2AX phosphorylation in normal CD34+ cells and granulocytes. Curcumin modified the cytotoxic action of etoposide in HL-60 cells through intensification of free radical production because preincubation with N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) significantly reduced the cytotoxic effect of curcumin itself and a combination of two compounds. In contrast, NAC did not decrease the cytotoxic effect of etoposide. Thus, oxidative stress plays a greater role in the cytotoxic effect of curcumin than that of etoposide in HL-60 cells. In vitro results were confirmed in a BNML model. Pretreatment with curcumin enhanced the antileukemic activity of etoposide in BNML rats (1.57-fold tumor reduction versus etoposide alone; P<0.05) and induced apoptosis of BNML cells more efficiently than etoposide alone (1.54-fold change versus etoposide alone; P<0.05), but this treatment protected nonleukemic B-cells from apoptosis. Thus, curcumin can increase the antileukemic effect of etoposide through reactive oxygen species in sensitive myeloid leukemia cells, and it is harmless to normal human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika A Papież
- Department of Cytobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Wirginia Krzyściak
- Department of Medical Diagnostic, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Szade
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Karolina Bukowska-Straková
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Pediatrics, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kozakowska
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Karolina Hajduk
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Beata Bystrowska
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jozef Dulak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Alicja Jozkowicz
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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27
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Effects of cyclosporine A on the hepatobiliary disposition and hepatic uptake of etoposide in an isolated perfused rat liver model. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2015; 75:961-8. [PMID: 25757960 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-015-2719-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A recirculating isolated perfused rat liver model was used to investigate the hepatobiliary disposition of etoposide and the effects of cyclosporine A (CyA) on the pattern of drug disposition in the bile and uptake in the liver. METHODS The portal vein, bile duct, and superior vena cava were cannulated in four groups of rats. The perfusions were conducted in the control group, which only received 10 µg/ml etoposide, and the tested groups which received etoposide and CyA in 0.4, 2, and 10 mg/kg doses. Perfusate and bile samples were collected up to 180 min. RESULTS The determination of etoposide in the samples and homogenized liver by the high-performance liquid chromatography method showed that the administration of CyA led to significant changes in the hepatic excretion (E h), hepatic clearance (CL h), and half-life (T 1/2) of etoposide in the CyA 2 and 10 mg/kg treatment groups but not in 0.4 mg/kg group. The volume of the bile decreased to 64 and 45 % and biliary clearance (CL b) of etoposide reduced by 73 and 82 % in 0.4 and 2 mg/kg CyA group, respectively, when compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated the dose-dependant non-specific inhibitory effects of CyA on p-glycoproteins, multidrug resistance protein 2, bile salt export pump, and organic anion-transporting polypeptide, the drug transporters responsible for etoposide hepatobiliary disposition, hepatic uptake, and bile formation in rat.
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28
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Ikuta Y, Koseki Y, Onodera T, Oikawa H, Kasai H. The effect of molecular structure on the anticancer drug release rate from prodrug nanoparticles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:12835-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc04164c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The controlled release of an anticancer agent from drug nanoparticles could be successfully achieved by optimizing the chemical structure of dimeric compounds as prodrug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Ikuta
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials
- Tohoku University
- Sendai
- Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Koseki
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials
- Tohoku University
- Sendai
- Japan
| | - Tsunenobu Onodera
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials
- Tohoku University
- Sendai
- Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Oikawa
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials
- Tohoku University
- Sendai
- Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kasai
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials
- Tohoku University
- Sendai
- Japan
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29
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Pigatto MC, Mossmann DL, Dalla Costa T. HPLC-UV method for quantifying etoposide in plasma and tumor interstitial fluid by microdialysis: application to pharmacokinetic studies. Biomed Chromatogr 2014; 29:529-36. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maiara Cássia Pigatto
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program; College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
- Centro Bioanalítico de Medicamentos; College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Daniele Lenz Mossmann
- Centro Bioanalítico de Medicamentos; College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Teresa Dalla Costa
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program; College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
- Centro Bioanalítico de Medicamentos; College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
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30
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Zhang K, Xu ZP, Lu J, Tang ZY, Zhao HJ, Good DA, Wei MQ. Potential for layered double hydroxides-based, innovative drug delivery systems. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:7409-28. [PMID: 24786098 PMCID: PMC4057680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15057409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Layered Double Hydroxides (LDHs)-based drug delivery systems have, for many years, shown great promises for the delivery of chemical therapeutics and bioactive molecules to mammalian cells in vitro and in vivo. This system offers high efficiency and drug loading density, as well as excellent protection of loaded molecules from undesired degradation. Toxicological studies have also found LDHs to be biocompatible compared with other widely used nanoparticles, such as iron oxide, silica, and single-walled carbon nanotubes. A plethora of bio-molecules have been reported to either attach to the surface of or intercalate into LDH materials through co-precipitation or anion-exchange reaction, including amino acid and peptides, ATPs, vitamins, and even polysaccharides. Recently, LDHs have been used for gene delivery of small molecular nucleic acids, such as antisense, oligonucleotides, PCR fragments, siRNA molecules or sheared genomic DNA. These nano-medicines have been applied to target cells or organs in gene therapeutic approaches. This review summarizes current progress of the development of LDHs nanoparticle drug carriers for nucleotides, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer drugs and recent LDH application in medical research. Ground breaking studies will be highlighted and an outlook of the possible future progress proposed. It is hoped that the layered inorganic material will open up new frontier of research, leading to new nano-drugs in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- School of Medical Science & Griffith Health Institute, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia.
| | - Zhi Ping Xu
- Australian Institutes for Bioengineering & Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Ji Lu
- Australian Institutes for Bioengineering & Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Zhi Yong Tang
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Hui Jun Zhao
- Griffith Schools of Environment, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia.
| | - David A Good
- School of Medical Science & Griffith Health Institute, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia.
| | - Ming Qian Wei
- School of Medical Science & Griffith Health Institute, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia.
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31
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Truman JP, García-Barros M, Obeid LM, Hannun YA. Evolving concepts in cancer therapy through targeting sphingolipid metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2013; 1841:1174-88. [PMID: 24384461 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Traditional methods of cancer treatment are limited in their efficacy due to both inherent and acquired factors. Many different studies have shown that the generation of ceramide in response to cytotoxic therapy is generally an important step leading to cell death. Cancer cells employ different methods to both limit ceramide generation and to remove ceramide in order to become resistant to treatment. Furthermore, sphingosine kinase activity, which phosphorylates sphingosine the product of ceramide hydrolysis, has been linked to multidrug resistance, and can act as a strong survival factor. This review will examine several of the most frequently used cancer therapies and their effect on both ceramide generation and the mechanisms employed to remove it. The development and use of inhibitors of sphingosine kinase will be focused upon as an example of how targeting sphingolipid metabolism may provide an effective means to improve treatment response rates and reduce associated treatment toxicity. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Tools to study lipid functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philip Truman
- Health Science Center, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, T15, 023, 11794 Stony Brook, NY, USA.
| | - Mónica García-Barros
- Health Science Center, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, T15, 023, 11794 Stony Brook, NY, USA.
| | - Lina M Obeid
- Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, NY 11768, USA; Health Science Center, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, L4, 178, 11794 Stony Brook, NY, USA.
| | - Yusuf A Hannun
- Department of Medicine and the Stony Brook Cancer Center, Health Science Center, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, L4, 178, 11794 Stony Brook, NY, USA.
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32
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Kamal A, Tamboli JR, Ramaiah MJ, Adil SF, Pushpavalli SNCVL, Ganesh R, Sarma P, Bhadra U, Pal-Bhadra M. Quinazolino linked 4β-amidopodophyllotoxin conjugates regulate angiogenic pathway and control breast cancer cell proliferation. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:6414-26. [PMID: 24055291 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A series of new conjugates of quinazolino linked 4β-amidopodophyllotoxins 10aa-af and 10ba-bf were synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer activity against human pancreatic carcinoma (Panc-1) as well as breast cancer cell lines such as MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 by employing MTT assay. Among these conjugates, some of them like 10bc, 10bd, 10be and 10bf exhibited high potency of cytotoxicity. Flow cytometric analysis showed that these conjugates arrested the cell cycle in the G2/M phase and caused the increase in expression of p53 and cyclin B1 protein with concomitant decrease in Cdk1 thereby suggesting the inhibitory action of these conjugates on mitosis. Interestingly, we observed a decrease in expression of proteins that control the tumor micro environment such as VEGF-A, STAT-3, ERK1/2, ERK-p, AKT-1 ser 473 phosphorylation in compounds treated breast cancer cells. Further, these effective conjugates have exhibited inhibitory action on integrin (αVβIII). Furthermore, the MCF-7 cells that were arrested and lost the proliferative capacity undergo mitochondrial mediated apoptosis by activation of caspases-9. Thus these conjugates have the potential to control breast cancer cell growth by effecting tumor angiogenesis and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Kamal
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
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Oral treatment with etoposide in small cell lung cancer - dilemmas and solutions. Radiol Oncol 2013; 47:1-13. [PMID: 23450046 PMCID: PMC3573828 DOI: 10.2478/raon-2013-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Etoposide is a chemotherapeutic agent, widely used for the treatment of various malignancies, including small cell lung cancer (SCLC), an aggressive disease with poor prognosis. Oral etoposide administration exhibits advantages for the quality of life of the patient as well as economic benefits. However, widespread use of oral etoposide is limited by incomplete and variable bioavailability. Variability in bioavailability was observed both within and between patients. This suggests that some patients may experience suboptimal tumor cytotoxicity, whereas other patients may be at risk for excess toxicity. Conclusions The article highlights dilemmas as well as solutions regarding oral treatment with etoposide by presenting and analyzing relevant literature data. Numerous studies have shown that bioavailability of etoposide is influenced by genetic, physiological and environmental factors. Several strategies were explored to improve bioavailability and to reduce pharmacokinetic variability of oral etoposide, including desired and undesired drug interactions (e.g. with ketoconazole), development of suitable drug delivery systems, use of more water-soluble prodrug of etoposide, and influence on gastric emptying. In addition to genotype-based dose administration, etoposide is suitable for pharmacokinetically guided dosing, which enables dose adjustments in individual patient. Further, it is established that oral and intravenous schedules of etoposide in SCLC patients do not result in significant differences in treatment outcome, while results of toxicity are inconclusive. To conclude, the main message of the article is that better prediction of the pharmacokinetics of oral etoposide may encourage its wider use in routine clinical practice.
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Yordanov G, Skrobanska R, Evangelatov A. Colloidal formulations of etoposide based on poly(butyl cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles: Preparation, physicochemical properties and cytotoxicity. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 101:215-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Papież MA. The influence of curcumin and (–)-epicatechin on the genotoxicity and myelosuppression induced by etoposide in bone marrow cells of male rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2012; 36:93-101. [DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2012.726626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Chen C, Xie XX, Zhou Q, Zhang FY, Wang QL, Liu YQ, Zou Y, Tao Q, Ji XM, Yu SQ. EGF-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes for targeting delivery of etoposide. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 23:045104. [PMID: 22222202 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/23/4/045104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
To enhance the therapeutic potential of etoposide (ETO), we devised a targeted drug delivery system (TDDS) of epidermal growth factor-chitosan-carboxyl single-walled carbon nanotubes-ETO (EGF/CHI/SWNT-COOHs/ETO) using modified SWNTs (m-SWNTs) as the carrier, EGF-functionalized SWNTs (f-SWNTs) as the targeted moiety and ETO as the drug. After SWNT-COOHs were conjugated with CHI (CHI/SWNT-COOHs/ETO), they displayed high solubility and stable dispersion in aqueous solution. The drug loading capacity was approximately 25-27%. The m-SWNTs and f-SWNTs had only slight cytotoxicity. ETO was released from EGF/CHI/SWNT-COOHs/ETO at low pH and taken up by tumour cells via adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent endocytosis. The cell death induced by EGF/CHI/SWNT-COOHs/ETO was as much as 2.7 times that due to ETO alone. In summary, these results demonstrated that our TDDS had a greater anticancer effect than free ETO in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Supramolecular Medical Materials and Applications, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Aehle E, Müller U, Eklund PC, Willför SM, Sippl W, Dräger B. Lignans as food constituents with estrogen and antiestrogen activity. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2011; 72:2396-2405. [PMID: 21889775 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2011] [Revised: 07/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Phytoestrogens are plant-derived food ingredients assumed to contribute to the prevention of hormone-dependent cancers, osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, and menopausal symptoms. Lignans occur in numerous food plants and various structures; they are common constituents of human diet, and estrogen activity has been assessed for lignan metabolites formed in the mammalian intestine. We examined natural lignans and semisynthetic norlignans for estrogen and antiestrogen activity. A transformed yeast strain (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) expressing the estrogen receptor alpha and a reporter system was applied as test system. Some plant lignans showed estrogen activity while others and the semisynthetic norlignans were moderately active antiestrogens. Docking of lignans to protein models of estrogen receptor alpha in the active and inactive form sustained the results of the yeast estrogen assay and supported the concept of plant lignans as phytoestrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Aehle
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
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Inhibition of CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 by podophyllotoxin: Implication for clinical drug–drug interactions. J Biosci 2011; 36:879-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-011-9143-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Vivek K, Reddy LH, Murthy RSR. Comparative Study of Some Biodegradable Polymers on the Entrapment Efficiency and Release Behavior of Etoposide from Microspheres. Pharm Dev Technol 2008; 12:79-88. [PMID: 17484147 DOI: 10.1080/10837450601168581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Etoposide-loaded biodegradable microspheres of poly lactic-co-glycolide (PLGA) 50:50, PLGA 75:25, and polycaprolactone (PCL) were prepared by simple o/w emulsification solvent evaparation method and characterized by size analysis and microscopy. The influence of drug to polymer ratio on the entrapment of etoposide was studied. Of all the three types of microspheres, polycaprolactone microspheres (PCL MS) showed the highest entrapment efficiency (94.64%), followed by PLGA 75:25 microspheres (PLGA 75:25 MS) (88.64%) and PLGA 50:50 microspheres (PLGA 50:50 MS) (79.19%). The drug to polymer ratio of 1:20 gave the highest entrapment efficiency for all the three types of microspheres. The in vitro release of etoposide from the three microsphere formulations were studied in phosphate buffer pH 7.4 (pH 7.4 PB) containing 0.1% Tween 80. The microspheres showed an initial burst release, which was highest from the PLGA 50:50 MS and least from the PCL MS. PCL MS microspheres showed the lower and slow drug release than the remaining formulations. The release of etoposide from all the three microsphere formulations followed Higuchi's diffusion pattern. The microspheres in the dissolution medium for 28 days appeared irregular in shape and slightly fragmented.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Vivek
- Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Center of Relevance and Excellence in NDDS, Pharmacy Department, Gujarat, India
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Xue YH, Zhang R, Sun XY, Wang SL. The construction and characterization of layered double hydroxides as delivery vehicles for podophyllotoxins. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2008; 19:1197-202. [PMID: 17701296 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-007-3221-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2006] [Accepted: 01/22/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to construct PPT-LDH nanohybrids and compare their tumor inhibition effects with that of free PPT. Anticancer drug podophyllotoxin (PPT) was encapsulated in the galleries of Mg-Al layered double hydroxides (LDHs) by a two-step approach. Tyrosine (Tyr) was first incorporated into the interlayer space by co-precipitation with LDH, prop-opening the layers of Mg-Al/LDH and creating an interlayer environment inviting drug molecules. PPT was subsequently intercalated into the resulting material lamella by an ion exchange process. The intermediate and final products, which can be termed drug-inorganic nanocomposites, have been characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-VIS spectrophotometer, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and in cell culture. Our results demonstrate that the interlayer spacing distance of the PPT-LDH nanohybrids (34% w/w of drug/material) is 18.2 A. LDHs do not harm normal cells (293T) based on toxicity tests. Ex-vivo anticancer experiments reveal that the PPT-LDH nanohybrids have higher tumor suppression effects than intercalated PPT. We conclude that the higher tumor inhibition effects of PPT-LDH hybrids result from the inorganic drug delivery vehicle, LDHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hua Xue
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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Kroschinsky FP, Friedrichsen K, Mueller J, Pursche S, Haenel M, Prondzinsky R, Ehninger G, Schleyer E. Pharmacokinetic comparison of oral and intravenous etoposide in patients treated with the CHOEP-regimen for malignant lymphomas. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2007; 61:785-90. [PMID: 17579865 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-007-0535-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2007] [Accepted: 05/25/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The addition of etoposide to the CHOP protocol (CHOEP) has been shown to improve outcome in patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The intravenous administration of etoposide on three consecutive days represents a logistic problem and needs resources particular in the outpatient setting. This could be avoided by using etoposide capsules on days 2 and 3. However, the oral administration of cytotoxic agents is often affected by variable absorption and drug interactions. PATIENTS AND METHODS We investigated the pharmacokinetic equivalency of oral and intravenous etoposide in ten patients (male, n=7; female, n=3; median age 56 years) with aggressive lymphomas. Treatment consisted of standard CHOP plus etoposide 100 mg/m2 given intravenously on day 1, and 200 mg/m2 orally on days 3 and 4. Samples from blood and urine were taken on days 1 (i.v. study) and 3 (p.o. study) before and after etoposide administration. Etoposide levels were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with the TOPFIT computer program. RESULTS Mean peak plasma level after intravenous etoposide was significantly higher compared to oral administration (16.3+/-3.7 vs. 12.0+/-4.2 microg/ml; P=0.015). The mean bioavailability of oral etoposide was 58+/-15% with an interpatient variability of 26%. Significant differences of bioavailability of oral etoposide between the used dose levels (350, 400 and 450 mg) were not observed. Mean AUC after a 100 mg/m2 intravenous and a 200 mg/m2 oral dose of etoposide were 74.0+/-18.3 and 84.9+/-29.6 microg h/ml (P=0.481). Interpatient variability of AUC was 25% for the intravenous route and 35% after oral intake. Urinary etoposide excretion as percentage of administered dose was 39.4+/-10.6% after intravenous infusion versus 35.4+/-9.4% after oral intake (P=0.422). Renal clearance was also very similar with intravenous and oral route (18.5+/-7.4 vs. 16.7+/-6.6 ml/min; P=0.546). CONCLUSION The equivalency of AUC after 200 mg/m2 of oral and 100 mg/m2 of intravenous etoposide support the use of the oral preparation in patients treated with the CHOEP regimen, which makes the chemotherapy more convenient for the patients and help to reduce costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank P Kroschinsky
- Medical Department I, Dresden University Hospital, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
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Mok TSK, Lam KC, Lee C, Zhang L, Wong H, Chan ATC, Yeo W, Yim APC, Chak K, Zee B. Phase II Randomized Study Comparing the Toxicity Profile of Gemcitabine plus Cisplatin with Gemcitabine plus Oral Etoposide in the Treatment of Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Oncology 2005; 68:485-92. [PMID: 16020979 DOI: 10.1159/000086992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2004] [Accepted: 01/19/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This is a randomized phase II study designed to compare the toxicity profile of a non-platinum-based with a platinum-based regimen in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer. METHODS Eighty-nine chemotherapy-naïve patients were randomized either to gemcitabine (1,000 mg/m2, 30-min infusion on days 1, 8 and 15) and oral etoposide (50 mg, days 1-14; GE group) or gemcitabine at the same schedule and cisplatin (75 mg/m2 on day 15; GP group). The primary endpoint is toxicity, and secondary endpoints include response rate, survival outcome and quality of life (QOL). RESULTS The incidence of WHO grade 3 or 4 anemia, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia was 29, 44 and 22% (GE group), and 28, 49 and 23% (GP group), respectively (p = 0.75, 0.95 and 0.87, respectively). The rate of grade 2 or above nausea was numerically higher in the GP arm, but the difference was not statistically significant (GE 15.5%, GP 27.7%, p = 0.20). The rate of vomiting in the GE and GP arms was 20.0 and 20.5%, respectively (p = 0.96). However, subjective changes in QOL scores on nausea and vomiting were significantly higher in the GP arm (p = 0.001). Other symptoms including sore mouth and hair loss were significantly higher in the GE arm (p = 0.003 and 0.007, respectively). There were also significant differences observed in emotional (p = 0.014), cognitive (p = 0.028) and social functioning (p = 0.034) in favor of GP. The differences in tumor response (35.5 and 46.5% for GE and GP, respectively) were not significantly different. Median time to disease progression (33.8 and 40.7 weeks, respectively) and overall survival (41.4 and 57.3 weeks, respectively) were of borderline significance in favor of the GP arm (p = 0.055). CONCLUSION This toxicity profile of GE is similar to GP, but the apparent inferior efficacy may discourage further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony S K Mok
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Decatris MP, Sundar S, O'Byrne KJ. Platinum-based Chemotherapy in Metastatic Breast Cancer: The Leicester (UK) Experience. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2005; 17:249-57. [PMID: 15997920 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2005.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS After failure of anthracycline- and taxane-based chemotherapy in metastatic breast cancer, treatment options until recently were limited. Until the introduction of capecitabine and vinorelbine, no standard regimen was available. We conducted a retrospective study to determine the efficacy and toxicity of platinum-based chemotherapy in metastatic breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-two women with metastatic breast cancer previously treated with anthracyclines (93%) and/or taxanes (36%) received mitomycin-vinblastine-cisplatin (MVP) (n=23), or cisplatin-etoposide (PE) (n=19), as first-, second- and third-line treatment at a tertiary referral centre between 1997 and 2002. Chemotherapy was given every 3 weeks as follows: mitomycin-C (8 mg/m2) (cycles 1, 2, 4, 6), vinblastine (6 mg/m2), and cisplatin (50 mg/m2) all on day 1; and cisplatin (75 mg/m2) and etoposide (100 mg/m ) on day 1 and (100 mg/m2) orally twice a day on days 2-3. RESULTS The response rate for 40 evaluable patients (MVP: n=23; PE: n=17) was 18% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 9-32%). The response rate to MVP was 13% (95% CI: 5-32%, one complete and two partial responses) and to PE 24% (10-47%, four partial responses). Disease stabilised in 43% (26-63%) and 47% (26-69%) of women treated with MVP and PE, respectively. After a median follow-up of 18 months, 37 women (MVP: n=19; PE: n=18) died from their disease. Median (range) progression-free survival and overall survival were 6 months (0.4-18.7) and 9.9 months (1.3-40.8), respectively. Median progression-free survival for the MVP and PE groups was 5.5 and 6.2 months (Log-rank, P = 0.82), and median overall survival was 10.2 and 9.4 months (Log-rank, P = 0.46), respectively. The main toxicity was myelosuppression. Grades 3-4 neutropenia was more common in women treated with PE than in women treated with MVP (74% vs 30%; P = 0.012), but the incidence of neutropenic sepsis, relative to the number of chemotherapy cycles, was low (7% overall). The toxicity-related hospitalisation rate was 1.2 admissions per six cycles of chemotherapy. No treatment-related deaths occurred. MVP and PE chemotherapy have modest activity and are safe in women with metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Decatris
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bank of Cyprus Oncology Centre, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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Yin D, Tamaki N, Parent AD, Zhang JH. Insulin-like growth factor-I decreased etoposide-induced apoptosis in glioma cells by increasing bcl-2 expression and decreasing CPP32 activity. Neurol Res 2005; 27:27-35. [PMID: 15829155 DOI: 10.1179/016164105x18151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS In a variety of tumors, the susceptibility of the tumor cells to apoptotic cell death following chemotherapy is a major determinant of therapeutic outcome. Gliomas are resistant to most chemotherapeutic agents, and its mechanism is not known in detail. In an attempt to understand the mechanism of chemo-resistance, we investigated the roles of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), IGF-I receptors (IGF-IR), and their relationship with the apoptotic response of two glioma cell lines to etoposide, a chemotherapeutic agent for malignant gliomas. METHODS Two human glioma cell lines, U-87MG and KNS-42, were used. Etoposide-induced cell growth inhibition was quantified using a modified MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrasodium bromide), colorimetric assay. Hoechst 33258 staining, DNA fragmentation assay, and western blot were used for the evaluation of apoptosis. ApoAlert caspase assay was used for measuring the activity of caspase-3 (CPP32) and interleukin-1 beta -converting enzyme (ICE) protease. In addition, the effect of IGF-IR antisense was tested in U-87MG and KNS-42 glioma cell lines. RESULTS Etoposide inhibited the growth of U-87MG and KNS-42 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Etoposide increased the expression of wild-type p53, activated CPP32 (but not ICE) activity, and induced apoptosis in these cells. IGF-I prevented etoposide-induced apoptosis by increasing the expression of bcl-2 and decreasing the activity of CPP32. IGF-IR antisense enhanced the apoptotic effect of etoposide. CONCLUSIONS IGF-I decreased etoposide-induced apoptosis in glioma cells by increasing the expression of bcl-2 and decreasing the activity of CPP32. The antisense of IGF-IR increased etoposide-induced apoptosis. The anti-apoptotic effect of IGF-I and IGF-IR might be related to the chemo-resistance of glioma to chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dali Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
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Guianvarc'h D, Duca M, Boukarim C, Kraus-Berthier L, Léonce S, Pierré A, Pfeiffer B, Renard P, Arimondo PB, Monneret C, Dauzonne D. Synthesis and biological activity of sulfonamide derivatives of epipodophyllotoxin. J Med Chem 2004; 47:2365-74. [PMID: 15084135 DOI: 10.1021/jm031117b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel 4beta-substituted sulfonamide derivatives of 4'-O-demethyl-4-desoxypodophyllotoxin has been synthesized. Their effects on human DNA topoisomerase II and, in some cases, on tubulin polymerization were evaluated. Compounds 8a, 8c, 8f, 8g, 8n, 8q, 8r, and 8s and the synthetic precursor 4 are potent topoisomerase II poisons that induce double-stranded breaks in DNA, with either improved or similar activity compared to etoposide. Only the amino precursor, compound 5, was slightly active in tubulin polymerization inhibition assays. We observed that the derivatives bearing an aromatic ring on the 4beta-sulfonamide substituent were either less cytotoxic or equivalent to the parent drug, while the sulfonamides containing an aliphatic side chain and the amino-sulfonamide derivatives, except 8d and 8g, exhibited increased cytoxicity compared to etoposide. In vivo, against the P388 leukemia and the A-549 orthotopic model of lung carcinoma, the most promising compounds were the morpholino- and the piperazino-containing sulfonamides derivatives 8r and 8s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Guianvarc'h
- Laboratoire de Biophysique, CNRS UMR 5153-MNHN USM 0503, INSERM UR 565, 43 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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Decatris MP, Sundar S, O'Byrne KJ. Platinum-based chemotherapy in metastatic breast cancer: current status. Cancer Treat Rev 2004; 30:53-81. [PMID: 14766126 DOI: 10.1016/s0305-7372(03)00139-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin and carboplatin are active in previously untreated patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) with mean response rates (RRs) of 50 and 32%, respectively. In pretreated patients the RR to cisplatin/carboplatin monotherapy declines markedly to <10%. Cisplatin and carboplatin have been combined with many other cytotoxics. In first-line setting high activity has been observed in combination with taxanes or vinorelbine (RRs consistently approximately 60%). It appears that these newer combinations are superior to older regimens with etoposide (RRs 30 to 50%) or 5-fluorouracil (RRs 40 to 60%). Cisplatin-/carboplatin-based regimens with infusional 5-FU and epirubicin/paclitaxel/vinorelbine achieve high RRs of around 60 to 80%. However these regimens are difficult to administer in all patients because they require central venous access for continuous 5-FU infusion. In pretreated MBC the combinations of cisplatin-taxane/vinorelbine/gemcitabine or carboplatin-docetaxel/vinorelbine yield RRs of 40 to 50%, which are higher than those achieved with platinum-etoposide/5-FU. In locally advanced disease cisplatin-based regimens achieve very high RRs (>80%). This would suggest that in chemotherapy-naïve patients platinum-based therapy might have an important role to play. Additionally the synergy demonstrated between platinum compounds, taxanes and herceptin, in preclinical and clinical studies is of immense importance and the results of the two ongoing Breast Cancer International Research Group randomized phase III studies are eagerly awaited. These studies may help clarify the role of platinum compounds in the treatment of metastatic and possibly early breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Decatris
- University Department of Oncology, The Osborne Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester LE1 5WW, UK.
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Ciccolini J, Monjanel-Mouterde S, Bun SS, Blanc C, Duffaud F, Favre R, Durand A. Population pharmacokinetics of etoposide: application to therapeutic drug monitoring. Ther Drug Monit 2002; 24:709-14. [PMID: 12451286 DOI: 10.1097/00007691-200212000-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Antineoplastic agent etoposide (VP16) displays narrow therapeutic index and erratic pharmacokinetics, and dose individualization is a convenient way for overcoming the interpatient variability, so as to maintain the drug exposure within a therapeutic range. The authors proposed a population-based Bayesian methodology to adjust routinely VP16 dosage when given as a 5-day infusion. The mean VP16 pharmacokinetic parameters of the reference population calculated from 14 patients following the two-stage method were CL = 1.92 +/- 0.512 L/h and t(1/2) = 6.7 +/- 2 hours. The reference population was next used prospectively for Bayesian dose individualization for 25 patients (47 courses) undergoing 5-day infusions of VP16. Resulting steady-state concentrations proved to be successfully adjusted to the target values in 77% of the courses. Therefore, the method presented here meets the requirements for routine therapeutic drug monitoring of VP16, a major anticancer drug extensively used in clinical oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Ciccolini
- Fédération de Pharmacologie Médicale et Clinique et de Pharmacocinétique, Marseille, France.
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Evans SR, Krown SE, Testa MA, Cooley TP, Von Roenn JH. Phase II evaluation of low-dose oral etoposide for the treatment of relapsed or progressive AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma: an AIDS Clinical Trials Group clinical study. J Clin Oncol 2002; 20:3236-41. [PMID: 12149296 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2002.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Liposomal anthracyclines and paclitaxel are considered the best available cytotoxic therapies for Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), but relapse is common. To identify new interventions for relapsed or progressive KS, a phase II study of low-dose etoposide to assess its toxicity and efficacy was conducted. PATIENTS AND METHODS Thirty-six patients with high-risk KS were treated with oral etoposide 50 mg/d for 7 consecutive days of every 2-week cycle. All patients' disease had relapsed or progressed after prior combination chemotherapy or anthracycline therapy. For patients without a complete or partial response after two cycles of therapy and no toxicity greater than grade 2, the dose of etoposide was escalated to 100 mg/d orally on days 1 to 7 of each 14-day cycle. Treatment-related and disease-specific quality of life was evaluated using patient reports on the General Health Self-Assessment Form and a KS-specific measure. RESULTS One patient achieved a complete response, 12 patients had a partial response (overall response rate, 36.1%), and stable disease was observed in 12 patients (33.3%). Tumor responses were seen in all disease sites. Fourteen patients had their dose escalated, of whom five responded. The median time to response was 17.7 weeks; the median duration of response was 25 weeks. The most frequent hematologic abnormality was neutropenia, which was grade 4 in seven patients and grade 3 in six. Opportunistic infections occurred in eight patients during the treatment period. Both response to treatment and toxicity influenced patient-reported quality of life. CONCLUSION We conclude that low-dose oral etoposide at a dose of 50 mg/d is safe and effective for the treatment of refractory or progressed AIDS-related KS and has an overall positive effect on the quality of life of responding patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott R Evans
- Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research, Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Abstract
The phylogenetic antiquity of DNA topoisomerases indicates their vital function. Structure and maintenance of genomic DNA depend on the activity of these enzymes, and without them DNA replication and cell division are impossible. Topoisomerase II alpha has therefore become the main target of many antitumour therapy regimens, even though the exact mechanism of cell killing remains elusive. The success of this approach is limited by the development of spontaneous resistance, and drug-induced DNA damage can increase malignancy. Nevertheless, the combined use of topoisomerase-inhibiting drugs with different mechanisms of action promises to improve particular treatment designs. The degree of topoisomerase II expression in tumours may predict the clinical course and responsiveness to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udo Kellner
- Department of Pathology, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
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Fujino M, Li XK, Kitazawa Y, Guo L, Kawasaki M, Funeshima N, Amano T, Suzuki S. Distinct pathways of apoptosis triggered by FTY720, etoposide, and anti-Fas antibody in human T-lymphoma cell line (Jurkat cells). J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2002; 300:939-45. [PMID: 11861801 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.300.3.939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
2-amino-2-[2-(4-octylphenyl)ethyl] propane-1,3-diol hydrochloride (FTY720), a synthetic product derived from a metabolite of Isaria sinclairii, has been demonstrated to have a potent immunosuppressive activity that induces apoptotic cell death in T cells and several other cell lines. In this study, using the human T-lymphoma cell line, Jurkat cells, we investigated the apoptotic signal transduction mediated by FTY720, in particular comparing its role on the cleavage of caspases, with that mediated by etoposide or anti-Fas antibody. All of these agents cleaved caspases, inducing their active form in the affected cells. Pretreatment with a broad caspase inhibitor [benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-(Ome) fluoromethyl ketone] markedly decreased the incidence of apoptotic cells induced by FTY720, etoposide, and anti-Fas antibody, through the abrogation of cleavage of Bid, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, and caspases 3, 8, and 9. The overexpression of Bcl-2 gene prevented FTY720- and etoposide-mediated apoptosis, but not Fas-mediated apoptosis. In addition, mitochondria were demonstrated to play a critical role in FTY720-triggered cell death, suggesting that this drug has a potent anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Fujino
- Department of Experimental Surgery and Bioengineering, National Children's Medical Research Center, Tokyo, Japan
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