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Lin WY, Wu KH, Chen CY, Guo BC, Chang YJ, Lin MJ, Wu HP. Treatment of Undifferentiated Embryonal Sarcoma of the Liver in Children. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:897. [PMID: 38473259 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16050897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver is a rare mesenchymal tumor with a highly malignant potential. It occurs almost exclusively in the pediatric population and typically has a poor outcome. Although previous studies have reported dismal prognoses, recent advances in combined treatment modalities, e.g., surgery and chemotherapy, have given cause for optimism. Even in those diseases not amenable to complete surgical resection or refractory diseases, other treatment modalities, such as liver transplant, have yielded promising results. This paper provides a review of the current treatment modalities for hepatic undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ya Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407219, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Hsi Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 408, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 408, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tungs' Taichung Metro Harbor Hospital, Taichung 43503, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli 356006, Taiwan
| | - Bei-Cyuan Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70142, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jun Chang
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biostastics, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Jen Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 427213, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Han-Ping Wu
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613, Taiwan
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Shimagaki T, Sugimachi K, Mano Y, Onishi E, Tanaka Y, Sugimoto R, Taguchi K, Morita M, Toh Y. Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver occurring in an adolescent: a case report with genomic analysis. Surg Case Rep 2022; 8:170. [PMID: 36107353 PMCID: PMC9477996 DOI: 10.1186/s40792-022-01528-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver (UESL) is a rare malignant mesenchymal tumor that usually occurs in children and is rarely diagnosed in adults. Case presentation The case was a female in her late 20s who presented with a huge liver mass found upon the examination of fever. Imaging analysis showed a well-defined mass measuring 9 cm in the largest dimension in the right posterior segment of the liver. The patient underwent right hemi-hepatectomy. Histopathological studies revealed that the circumscribed tumor was composed of a proliferation of atypical epithelioid to spindle-shaped cells with pleomorphic nuclei arranged in haphazard pattern. Histopathological features observed in immunohistochemical analyses confirmed a final diagnosis of UESL. Genome analysis using FoundationOne CDx revealed 11 somatic mutations including TP53 (R196*) and STK11 (F354L). Adjuvant chemotherapy with ifosfamide and etoposide was performed, and the case has been followed up without recurrence for 1 year after hepatectomy. Conclusions A UESL should be considered in the differential diagnosis of large and well-defined solid liver lesions. Although the prognosis of UESL is extremely unfavorable, aggressive surgical resection with adjuvant chemotherapy and genomic analysis may be helpful for ensuring long-term survival.
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Undifferentiated Embryonal Sarcoma of the Liver in Children Versus Adults: A National Cancer Database Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122918. [PMID: 34208030 PMCID: PMC8230649 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver (UESL) is the third most common type of liver malignancy in the pediatric population, following hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. In comparison to children, UESL is an extremely rare malignancy in adults. Although historically treatment was limited to surgical resection and survival was poor, the combination of surgical treatment and chemotherapy recently has led to improved survival. We attempted to examine the characteristics and outcomes of children and adults with UESL in a contemporary U.S. cohort. We showed that children demonstrate favorable survival with multimodal treatment, while adults demonstrate inferior outcomes and future research endeavors should focus on refining currently available treatment modalities for adults with UESL. Abstract This study evaluates the clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes of children vs. adults with undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver (UESL). A retrospective analysis of 82 children (<18 years) and 41 adults (≥18 years) with UESL registered in the National Cancer Database between 2004–2015 was conducted. No between-group differences were observed regarding tumor size, metastasis, surgical treatment, margin status, and radiation. Children received chemotherapy more often than adults (92.7% vs. 65.9%; p < 0.001). Children demonstrated superior overall survival vs. adults (log-rank, p < 0.001) with 5-year rates of 84.4% vs. 48.2%, respectively. In multivariable Cox regression for all patients, adults demonstrated an increased risk of mortality compared to children (p < 0.001), while metastasis was associated with an increased (p = 0.02) and surgical treatment with a decreased (p = 0.001) risk of mortality. In multivariable Cox regression for surgically-treated patients, adulthood (p = 0.004) and margin-positive resection (p = 0.03) were independently associated with an increased risk of mortality. Multimodal treatment including complete surgical resection and chemotherapy results in long-term survival in most children with UESL. However, adults with UESL have poorer long-term survival that may reflect differences in disease biology and an opportunity to further refine currently available treatment schemas.
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Jiang L, Xie L, Li G, Xie H, Fang Z, Cai X, Chen Y. Clinical characteristics and surgical treatments of primary hepatic angiosarcoma. BMC Gastroenterol 2021; 21:156. [PMID: 33827427 PMCID: PMC8028144 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-01743-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Primary hepatic angiosarcoma is a very rare and highly malignant tumor with poor prognosis. It is difficult to diagnose because of the lack of typical clinical features, and the treatment protocols for PHA are also not clear. Therefore, this study wants to find out the clinical characteristics and surgical treatments of primary hepatic angiosarcoma. METHODS Among 8990 patients diagnosed with primary malignant tumor of the liver from January 2000 to December 2019 in our hospital, only four patients were diagnosed with primary hepatic angiosarcoma. The demographics, clinical manifestation, past history, serology test results, MRI features, pathology, treatment modality and prognosis of four patients were collected and analyzed. RESULTS Three of four patients had no clinical symptoms, while one patient's symptom was abdominal pain. The levels of tumor markers of all four patients were within the normal reference range and serological tests were negative for hepatitis B and C virus. The MRI imaging findings of all four patients were mixed mass with highly disordered vascular characteristics. All four patients were misdiagnosed preoperatively. One patient who underwent hepatic lobectomy was still alive for about 18 months after surgery. One patient who underwent hepatic lobectomy has survived for only 6 months due to severe pneumonia. The other two patients who received transarterial chemoembolization survived 16 months and 11 months respectively. CONCLUSION The clinical symptoms of primary hepatic angiosarcoma are not typical, and primary hepatic angiosarcoma is easily misdiagnosed. The typical imaging manifestations are structural disorder and heterogeneous tumor. Hepatic lobectomy and transarterial chemoembolization may be important surgical treatments to improve the prognosis of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, NO. 29, Xinquan Road, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, China.,Key Laboratory of The Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, Fujian, China
| | - Lijun Xie
- Department of Ultrasonic Image, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Ge Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, NO. 29, Xinquan Road, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, China.,Key Laboratory of The Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, Fujian, China
| | - Hang Xie
- Department of Intervention Therapy, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Zhao Fang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, NO. 29, Xinquan Road, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xinran Cai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, NO. 29, Xinquan Road, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, China. .,Key Laboratory of The Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, Fujian, China.
| | - Yanling Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, NO. 29, Xinquan Road, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, China. .,Key Laboratory of The Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, Fujian, China.
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Shu B, Gong L, Huang X, Cao L, Yan Z, Yang S. Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver in adults: Retrospective analysis of a case series and systematic review. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:102. [PMID: 32831921 PMCID: PMC7439129 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver (UESL) is an aggressive malignant tumor. As UESL is rare, the literature predominantly includes case reports, with a limited number of small case series. The aim of the present study was to investigate the presentation, treatment modalities and outcomes of this rare tumor. The present study includes a case series of adult UESL and a systematic review. A single-institution case series of adult UESL were retrospectively analyzed, and a systematic review of adult UESL was performed by searching MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, the Google Scholar database and the Cochrane Library. For all identified adult UESL cases, the demographic variables, treatments and survival were analyzed. Three female adult patients with UESL (median age, 21 years) were successfully treated by complete tumor resection, with or without adjuvant chemotherapy, at Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital between 2015 and 2018. Of these patients, two are currently alive (follow-up, 9 and 41 months), and one died after pulmonary recurrence 17 months post-diagnosis. The present systematic review identified 108 cases of adult UESL. Among all 111 analyzed cases, the median overall and disease-free survival rates were as follows: 1-year, 72 and 67%; 3-year, 56 and 40%; and 5-year, 47 and 35%, respectively. Treatment strategies combining complete tumor resection and chemotherapy promoted improved overall and disease free survival time compared with radical tumor resection alone. The present analysis included one of the largest case series of UESL in adults, and is the first such study to present survival rates. The results of the present study confirmed that survival was improved by treatment strategies combining complete tumor resection and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Shu
- Center of Hepatopancreatobiliary Diseases, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, P.R. China
| | - Lei Gong
- Center of Hepatopancreatobiliary Diseases, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, P.R. China
| | - Xin Huang
- Center of Hepatopancreatobiliary Diseases, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, P.R. China
| | - Liping Cao
- Center of Hepatopancreatobiliary Diseases, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Yan
- Center of Hepatopancreatobiliary Diseases, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, P.R. China
| | - Shizhong Yang
- Center of Hepatopancreatobiliary Diseases, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, P.R. China
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Beksac K, Mammadov R, Ciftci T, Guner G, Akyol A, Kaynaroglu V. Undifferentiated Embryonal Sarcoma of the Liver in an Adult Patient. Cureus 2018; 10:e3037. [PMID: 30258736 PMCID: PMC6153094 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.3037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver (UESL) is a rare and highly malignant mesenchymal neoplasm that is uncommonly observed in adults. We report a case of UESL found in a 26-year-old female. Our case was initially regarded as a type II hydatid cyst and then a malignant mass in radiological studies. The patient underwent nonanatomic liver resection. There were postoperative complications, but they were handled successfully. The patient received taxol-cisplatin-ifosfamide chemotherapy protocol and is disease-free after six years. Although UESL is exceedingly rare in adults, it must be considered while evaluating large hepatic masses since curative resection has an excellent prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemal Beksac
- General Surgery, Dr. Abdurrahman Yurtarslan Ankara Oncology Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, TUR
| | | | - Turkmen Ciftci
- Interventional Radiology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, TUR
| | - Gunes Guner
- Pathology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, TUR
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Unexpected Liver Embryonal Sarcoma in the Adult: Diagnosis and Treatment. Case Rep Surg 2018; 2018:8362012. [PMID: 29971180 PMCID: PMC6008761 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8362012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver is a malignancy with poor prognosis observed more frequently in children between 6 and 10 years old and very rarely found in adults. We present a case of embryonal sarcoma of the liver in a 60-year-old woman without significant medical history who presented to our attention with constitutional symptoms. Preoperative assessments did not show alterations in blood chemistry or tumor markers. Imaging studies showed a huge mass lying in the right abdominal quadrants, strictly adherent to the liver. The tumor was partially cystic with a thickened wall, sporadic contrast enhancement, and solid component. The patient underwent excision of the mass with associated liver bisegmentectomy S5-S6. Postoperative course was uneventful. The definitive histological diagnosis revealed the presence of embryonal sarcoma of the liver. We describe the clinical, histopathological, and therapeutic options adopted in the multimodal treatment of this disease.
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Pitchaimuthu M, Duxbury M. Cystic lesions of the liver-A review. Curr Probl Surg 2017; 54:514-542. [PMID: 29173653 DOI: 10.1067/j.cpsurg.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maheswaran Pitchaimuthu
- Department of General Surgery, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of HPB and Transplant Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
| | - Mark Duxbury
- Department of General Surgery, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Shi Y, Rojas Y, Zhang W, Beierle EA, Doski JJ, Goldfarb M, Goldin AB, Gow KW, Langer M, Meyers RL, Nuchtern JG, Vasudevan SA. Characteristics and outcomes in children with undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver: A report from the National Cancer Database. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2017; 64:e26272. [PMID: 27781381 PMCID: PMC5333454 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.26272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine patient characteristics and outcomes in children with undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver (UESL) using a multi-institutional database. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA UESL is a rare disease (incidence is one per million). Therefore, the current literature is mostly limited to small case series. METHODS The National Cancer Database was queried for primary UESL diagnosed between 1998 and 2012. RESULTS A total of 103 patients (<18 years) were identified. The 5-year overall survival of the entire group was 86%. The best outcomes were seen in children who had tumors smaller than 15 cm and were able to undergo surgical resection with or without chemotherapy. Margin status did not appear to significantly affect survival. The most common type of resection was hemihepatectomy (37%), followed by sectionectomy (10%) and trisectionectomy (10%). Orthotopic liver transplant was performed in 10 children, all of whom survived to 5 years. CONCLUSION Surgical resection with or without chemotherapy should be the mainstay of treatment in children with UESL, and is associated with very favorable outcomes. Negative surgical margins were not associated with improved survival. Orthotopic liver transplantation may be a viable method of attaining local control in tumors, which would otherwise be unresectable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shi
- Divisions of Pediatric Surgery and Surgical ResearchMichael E. DeBakey Department of SurgeryBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas,Texas Children's Department of SurgeryTexas Children's Liver Tumor CenterBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas,Dan L. Duncan Cancer CenterBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas
| | - Yesenia Rojas
- Divisions of Pediatric Surgery and Surgical ResearchMichael E. DeBakey Department of SurgeryBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas,Texas Children's Department of SurgeryTexas Children's Liver Tumor CenterBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas,Dan L. Duncan Cancer CenterBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas
| | - Wei Zhang
- Outcomes & Impact ServiceDepartment of SurgeryTexas Children's HospitalHoustonTexas
| | - Elizabeth A. Beierle
- Divison of Pediatric SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryUniversity of AlabamaBirminghamAlabama
| | - John J. Doski
- Department of Surgery, Methodist Children's Hospital of South TexasUniversity of Texas Health Science Center ‐ San AntonioSan AntonioTexas
| | - Melanie Goldfarb
- Department of SurgeryJohn Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence St. Johns Health CenterSanta MonicaCalifornia
| | - Adam B. Goldin
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic SurgerySeattle Children's HospitalDepartment of SurgeryUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashington
| | - Kenneth W. Gow
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic SurgerySeattle Children's HospitalDepartment of SurgeryUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashington
| | - Monica Langer
- Department of Surgery, Maine Children's Cancer ProgramTufts UniversityPortlandMaine
| | - Rebecka L. Meyers
- Division of Pediatric SurgeryPrimary Children's HospitalUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtah
| | - Jed G. Nuchtern
- Divisions of Pediatric Surgery and Surgical ResearchMichael E. DeBakey Department of SurgeryBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas,Texas Children's Department of SurgeryTexas Children's Liver Tumor CenterBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas,Dan L. Duncan Cancer CenterBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas
| | - Sanjeev A. Vasudevan
- Divisions of Pediatric Surgery and Surgical ResearchMichael E. DeBakey Department of SurgeryBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas,Texas Children's Department of SurgeryTexas Children's Liver Tumor CenterBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas,Dan L. Duncan Cancer CenterBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas
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Mori A, Fukase K, Masuda K, Sakata N, Mizuma M, Ohtsuka H, Morikawa T, Nakagawa K, Hayashi H, Motoi F, Naitoh T, Murakami K, Unno M. A case of adult undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver successfully treated with right trisectionectomy: a case report. Surg Case Rep 2017; 3:19. [PMID: 28144858 PMCID: PMC5285294 DOI: 10.1186/s40792-017-0295-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver (UESL) is a rare malignant mesenchymal tumor that usually occurs in children and is rarely diagnosed in adults. Case presentation Here, we describe the case of a 65-year-old woman who presented with a huge cystic lesion in the liver. Laboratory studies performed on admission showed modest inflammation, poor nutrition, and elevated levels of total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, and γ-glutamyl transferase. Computed tomography showed a well-defined, heterogeneous tumor with multiple cysts involving the right lobe and the medial segment of the liver, with a maximum diameter of 16 cm. Positron emission tomography/computed tomographic scans showed the uptake of 2-(fluorine-18)-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose in a part of the cyst. The patient was diagnosed with mucinous cystadenocarcinoma or sarcoma of the liver and underwent right trisectionectomy. Histopathological studies revealed that the tumor was composed of pleomorphic and polynuclear dyskaryotic cells with eosinophilic globules in the cytoplasm. Mesenchymal hamartoma-like tissue was observed in the peripheral part of the tumor. Immunohistochemical analyses showed the tumor stained with vimentin, α-smooth muscle actin, desmin, α1-antitrypsin, and α1-antichymotripsin. Therefore, a histological diagnosis of UESL was made. Eighteen months following treatment, two recurrent tumors in the remnant liver were detected and resection of the recurrent tumors was performed. Conclusions A UESL should be considered in the differential diagnosis of large cystic hepatic lesions. Although the prognosis of UESL is extremely unfavorable, aggressive surgical resection should be the most important factor for ensuring long-term survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Mori
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Koji Fukase
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Masuda
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Naoaki Sakata
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Masamichi Mizuma
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Hideo Ohtsuka
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Takanori Morikawa
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Kei Nakagawa
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Hiroki Hayashi
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Fuyuhiko Motoi
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Takeshi Naitoh
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Keigo Murakami
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Michiaki Unno
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan.
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Imaging of Rare Primary Malignant Hepatic Tumors in Adults With Histopathological Correlation. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2017; 40:452-62. [PMID: 26938690 DOI: 10.1097/rct.0000000000000382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma are the most common primary liver malignancies in adults (comprising >85%); however, liver is also host to some unusual primary malignant tumors. Some of these tumors show distinct demographic, clinicopathologic, and imaging features. Imaging features of these uncommon primary malignant liver tumors are presented with an attempt to correlate them with histopathology.
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12
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Adult Embryonal Sarcoma of the Liver: Management of a Massive Liver Tumor. Case Rep Surg 2016; 2016:5625762. [PMID: 27895954 PMCID: PMC5118527 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5625762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Undifferentiated embryonal sarcomas of the liver are extremely rare cases in adults. We report the case of a 30-year-old male who presented with early satiety and abdominal pain due to a massive tumor originating from the left liver and occupying the entire epigastrium. The patient underwent bland embolization in an attempt to decrease the size of the tumor. He then underwent a formal left hepatectomy with resection of liver segments 2, 3, and 4. Extrahepatic inflow control of the portal vein and hepatic artery was performed prior to parenchymal transection. No Pringle maneuver was required. Pathology analysis showed a 45 cm tumor consistent with an undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma and negative microscopic margins. The epidemiology, treatment, and prognosis of this unusual cancer presentation are reviewed.
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Zanwar S, Goel M, Patkar S, Ramaswamy A, Shetty N, Ramadwar M, Ostwal V. A Case of Ruptured Adult Embryonal Sarcoma of the Liver with Excellent Outcome After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy. J Gastrointest Cancer 2016; 48:100-102. [PMID: 27714652 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-016-9877-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Zanwar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Mahesh Goel
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Shraddha Patkar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Anant Ramaswamy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Nitin Shetty
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Mukta Ramadwar
- Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Vikas Ostwal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India.
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Techavichit P, Masand PM, Himes RW, Abbas R, Goss JA, Vasudevan SA, Finegold MJ, Heczey A. Undifferentiated Embryonal Sarcoma of the Liver (UESL): A Single-Center Experience and Review of the Literature. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2016; 38:261-8. [PMID: 26925712 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000000529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver (UESL) is a rare and aggressive pediatric malignancy. The purpose of this study was to review the clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features and outcome of children with UESL at our institution, in the United Network of Organ Sharing database and to review the existing literature to define the state of the art for children with UESL. Six children were diagnosed with UESL at the Texas Children's Cancer Center between 1993 and 2014, 12 children underwent liver transplantation registered in the United Network of Organ Sharing database, and 198 children with UESL were described in 23 case series during 1978 to 2014. Patients were treated with multimodal treatment approaches including primary surgical resection, neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant chemotherapy, and liver transplantation resulting in overall survival reported between 20% and 100% with significant improvement over the recent years. We show that complete tumor removal remains the key element of treatment and our single-institutional experience and data in the published literature suggest that combination chemotherapy with ifosfamide and doxorubicin to facilitate complete surgical resection is an effective approach to cure children with UESL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piti Techavichit
- *Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand Departments of †Radiology ‡Pediatrics, Section Gastroenterology §Surgery ∥Pathology ¶Pediatrics, Section Hematology and Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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15
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Lin YH, Lin CC, Concejero AM, Yong CC, Kuo FY, Wang CC. Surgical experience of adult primary hepatic sarcomas. World J Surg Oncol 2015; 13:87. [PMID: 25880743 PMCID: PMC4358880 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-015-0489-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary hepatic sarcoma (PHS) is a rare primary liver malignancy. The histological types of PHS are diverse, and the clinical outcomes and management mainly depend on the histopathology. This study aims to evaluate the results of surgical intervention. METHODS Between January 2003 and June 2009, 13 adult patients with pathologically proven PHS were identified by record review. The patients' demographic profile, tumor characteristics, treatment modalities, and outcomes were reviewed and analyzed. The end of follow-up was December 2014. RESULTS Nine (69%) underwent curative liver resection and two underwent liver transplantation; the others received non-operative treatments. The pathologic findings were six (46%) angiosarcomas, four (30.7%) undifferentiated sarcomas, one (7.6%) leiomyosarcoma, one (7.6%) malignant mesenchymoma, and one (7.6%) hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma. The median follow-up was 31.4 (2.8 ~ 142.5) months. The 1-, 2-, and 5-year survival of surgical patients were 72.7%, 63.6%, and 36.4%, respectively. Importantly, the 1-, 2-, and 5-year survival rates of non-angiosarcoma patients were superior to those of angiosarcoma (85.7% vs. 33.3%, 71.4% vs. 16.7%, and 57.1% vs. 0%, respectively, P = 0.023). CONCLUSIONS Surgical intervention provides the possibility of long-term survival from PHS. Angiosarcoma is associated with a more dismal outcome than non-angiosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hung Lin
- Department of Surgery of Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Da-Pei Road, Niao-Sung, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Che Lin
- Department of Surgery of Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Da-Pei Road, Niao-Sung, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Allan M Concejero
- Department of Surgery of Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Da-Pei Road, Niao-Sung, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Chee-Chien Yong
- Department of Surgery of Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Da-Pei Road, Niao-Sung, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Fang-Ying Kuo
- Department of Pathology of Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Chi Wang
- Department of Surgery of Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Da-Pei Road, Niao-Sung, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan.
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16
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Xie S, Wu X, Zhang G, Xu K, Bian X, Zhang S, Ye Y. Remarkable regression of a lung recurrence from an undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver treated with a DC vaccine combined with immune cells: a case report. Cell Immunol 2014; 290:185-9. [PMID: 25038546 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2014.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver (UESL) is a rare malignant tumor that occurs predominantly in children and has a poor prognosis. Here, we report a novel case in which the UESL presented in the left lobe of the liver and metastasized into both lungs after surgical resection. The patient recovered after our administration of an immunotherapeutic combination of DCs (Dendritic Cells) and multi-immune cells, such as cytokine-induced killer cells (CIKs) and natural killer cells (NKs). After the third cycle of immunotherapy, a CT scan showed a remarkable regression of the lung metastases. This finding supports the conclusion that the DC-based treatment is a promising potential strategy for treating patients with relapsed UESL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangyun Xie
- Department of R&D, Shanghai Claison Bio-tech Co., Ltd, Shanghai 201201, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Department of R&D, Shanghai Claison Bio-tech Co., Ltd, Shanghai 201201, China
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- Department of R&D, Shanghai Claison Bio-tech Co., Ltd, Shanghai 201201, China; Bio-therapic Treatment Center, Department of Oncology, Chinese Armed Police General Shan Dong Hospital, Shangdong, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of R&D, Shanghai Claison Bio-tech Co., Ltd, Shanghai 201201, China
| | - Xiaoshan Bian
- Bio-therapic Treatment Center, Department of Oncology, Chinese Armed Police General Shan Dong Hospital, Shangdong, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Shufang Zhang
- Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine Central South University, Haikou Municipal People's Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Yongqing Ye
- Department of R&D, Shanghai Claison Bio-tech Co., Ltd, Shanghai 201201, China.
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Rare case of adult undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma of the liver treated with liver transplantation: excellent long-term survival. Case Reports Hepatol 2012; 2012:519741. [PMID: 25374706 PMCID: PMC4208439 DOI: 10.1155/2012/519741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the case of a 54-year-old gentleman who presented with abdominal distension and a CT scan of his abdomen revealed a large (25 cm) left hepatic lobe tumor. He received chemotherapy for over 1.5 years. The CT scans at the completion of this therapy revealed that the tumor had actually slightly grown in size. He underwent orthotopic liver transplantation without any major complications. The explant histopathology revealed an undifferentiated embryonal cell sarcoma (UECS) composed of relatively bland spindled cells arranged in short fascicles. It is now 10 years and 3 months since his last transplant and the patient remains well with no tumor recurrence.
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Abstract
Many soft tissue tumors of childhood lack obvious differentiation toward a defined mesenchymal tissue type or have a phenotype that does not correspond to any defined normal tissue. These challenging tumors are currently regarded as neoplasms of uncertain differentiation. Nonetheless, there have been great strides in the understanding of their pathologic and genetic features and biologic underpinnings. The application of new genetic information to the pathologic diagnosis among this group of tumors is an emerging area in diagnostic pediatric pathology. This article reviews the clinicopathologic features of tumors of uncertain and/or miscellaneous origin, with an emphasis on the unique aspects of these neoplasms in children and adolescents, use of diagnostic adjuncts, and differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Alaggio
- Department of Pathology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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19
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Noguchi K, Yokoo H, Nakanishi K, Kakisaka T, Tsuruga Y, Kamachi H, Matsushita M, Kamiyama T. A long-term survival case of adult undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of liver. World J Surg Oncol 2012; 10:65. [PMID: 22540346 PMCID: PMC3407002 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-10-65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver (USEL) is a rare malignant hepatic tumor with a poor prognosis that is usually observed in children (aged 6 to10 years) and rarely seen in adults. We present a case of USEL in a 27-year-old woman with no previous history of the disease. Laboratory tests performed on admission showed that the patient had mildly elevated levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase. The levels of viral hepatitis and tumor serum markers were all within normal limits. Computed tomography showed a large mass involving the right lobe and the medial segment of the liver. Right trisectionectomy was performed. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of pleomorphic and polynuclear dyskaryotic cells in a myxoid stroma with focal eosinophilic globules and no clear differentiation to muscle. Histological diagnosis showed undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma. Adjuvant therapy with cisplatin, vincristine, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and actinomycin D was initiated. We administered a high dose of etoposide to extract the patient’s peripheral blood stem cells and performed radiation therapy and peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. At 5-year follow-up, the patient was alive without any evidence of recurrence. Here, we describe the clinical and histopathological features of USEL as well as the therapeutic options for USEL in adults with this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Noguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, N15, W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan.
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20
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Undifferentiated sarcoma of the liver: a single institution experience using a uniform treatment approach. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2012; 34:e114-6. [PMID: 22217489 PMCID: PMC4131680 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0b013e3182331fbe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma of the liver is a rare malignant tumor, most commonly seen in children aged 6 to 10 years. Previously believed to carry a poor prognosis, more recent reports indicate that treatment regimens combining surgical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy can yield long-term, disease-free survival. In this study, we review 5 pediatric patients with undifferentiated sarcoma of the liver treated with a uniform approach of resection followed by adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation when indicated. All 5 patients are disease free in their first remission at a median of 53 months.
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21
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Shattaf A, Jamil A, Khanani MF, El-Hayek M, Baroudi M, Trad O, Ishaqi MK. Undifferentiated sarcoma of the liver: a rare pediatric tumor. Ann Saudi Med 2012; 32:203-5. [PMID: 22366834 PMCID: PMC6086650 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2012.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver (UESL) is an uncommon hepatic tumor of mesenchymal origin recognized as a unique clinicopathologic entity since 1978. UESL has historically been considered an aggressive neoplasm with an unfavorable prognosis. Survival has improved using recent multimodal approaches, designed for patients with soft tissue sarcomas at other sites. Several small series have reported survival of up to 70% of children. We report a case of a 12-year-old boy from the United Arab Emirates who relapsed after complete surgical resection and was then successfully treated with re-resection followed by chemotherapy and radiotherapy. With a follow-up of 5 years, he is well and asymptomatic, and is leading a healthy life. This case emphasizes the fact that these poorly prognostic tumors may benefit from post-surgery chemotherapy. This case illustrates the improved survival of UESL patients following the multimodality therapy with a relatively long follow-up. This is the first case of UESL reported in this region of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysha Shattaf
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Tawam Hospital, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
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22
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Lee JA, Kim TW, Min JH, Byon SJ, Jang SH, Choi SY, Kim HJ. [A case of undifferentiated (embryonal) liver sarcoma mimicking klatskin tumor in an adult]. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2011; 55:144-8. [PMID: 20168062 DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2010.55.2.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Undifferentiated sarcoma is an uncommon primary malignant tumor of the liver typically occurring in older children. It is also referred to as malignant mesenchymoma, fibromyxosarcoma, or mesenchymal sarcoma. We experienced a case of undifferentiated sarcoma in 72-year-old male. Contrast enhanced liver CT scan revealed a 3.4 cm heterogeneously enhancing, ill-defined, and low attenuated mass in the left liver and subtle intrahepatic duct dilatation. And, in tubogram, there were segmental stenosis and occlusion from the hilum to the proximal common bile duct. We did ultrasonography guided liver biopsy. The pathologic finding revealed infiltrative growth of atypical cells with rhabdoid features. Some atypical cells showed clear cytoplasm, but no organoid pattern was identified. The stroma around atypical cells was filled with eosinophilic hyaline material. These tumor cells were positive for vimentin only, and the tumor was consistent with undifferentiated sarcoma of the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Ae Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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23
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Tsukada A, Ishizaki Y, Nobukawa B, Kawasaki S. Embryonal sarcoma of the liver in an adult mimicking complicated hepatic cyst: MRI findings. J Magn Reson Imaging 2010; 31:1477-80. [PMID: 20512902 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.22177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiologically, embryonal sarcoma reveals a characteristic spectrum of both solid and cystic features. However, MRI is sometimes unable to reveal the solid components. Here, we describe a case in which intracystic hemorrhage revealed a solid mural nodule obscured with the cystic lesion. Knowledge of this feature is helpful when making a prospective diagnosis of this important, albeit rare, hepatic malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Tsukada
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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24
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Yoon JY, Lee JM, Kim DY, Choi GH, Park YN, Chung JW, Kim EY, Park JY, Ahn SH, Han KH, Chon CY. A case of embryonal sarcoma of the liver mimicking a hydatid cyst in an adult. Gut Liver 2010; 4:245-9. [PMID: 20559529 DOI: 10.5009/gnl.2010.4.2.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2009] [Accepted: 08/29/2009] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
An undifferentiated (embryonal) liver sarcoma (ULS) originates from a primitive mesenchymal cell, with a predilection for childhood and very rare occurrence in adults. We report a case of a ULS that was incidentally found in a 53-year-old female. Our case was initially interpreted as a large hydatid cyst, which was later suspected to be a neoplastic lesion because its size was increasing and a solid portion was newly detected after shrinkage of the cyst following drainage. The patient underwent successful right hepatic lobectomy with complete resection, and is currently disease-free without adjuvant therapy. Although it is difficult to diagnose a hepatic cyst as a ULS due to its rare occurrence in adulthood and lack of specific findings, its possibility should be considered, especially when its size is increasing, because early diagnosis and curative resection are necessary for a favorable outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Young Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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25
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Ma L, Liu YP, Geng CZ, Tian ZH, Wu GX, Wang XL. Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of liver in an old female: Case report and review of the literature. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14:7267-70. [PMID: 19084947 PMCID: PMC2776890 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.14.7267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical characteristics of undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma of the liver (UESL) were investigated and the best treatment modalities were recommended. Both histology and immuno-histochemistry demonstrated the cellular features of this peculiar tumor. The tumor size was 12 cm × 9 cm × 8 cm in the right liver lobe. The patient underwent surgical resection of the tumor. The postoperative recovery was uneventful and she died eight months after diagnosis. The tumor showed mixed spindle and polygonal cells within the myxoid matrix. Some tumor cells contained eosinophilic hyaline globules that were positive for resistant diastase. Immunohistochemistry showed positive vimentin. Stellate and spindle cells were positively stained with alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (AACT) and CD68. This case indicates that UESL is not obviously differentiated in old-aged adults.
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Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver: case report and literature survey. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 15:536-44. [PMID: 18836810 DOI: 10.1007/s00534-007-1265-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2007] [Accepted: 08/24/2007] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma (UES) of the liver was first identified as an independent clinicopathologic type of sarcoma in 1978. It is an uncommon hepatic tumor, of mesenchymal origin, usually observed in children, and cases in adults are rare: to our best knowledge, reports of only 51 cases have been published in the past 50 years. We present a case of UES of the liver in a previously healthy 22 year-old woman, admitted to our hospital due to a palpable mass in the right upper abdomen. On admission, laboratory studies showed mildly elevated aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-GPT. Hepatitis and tumor markers were negative. Ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a large mass involving the right lobe and the medial segment of the liver, with compression of the bile duct. Right trisectionectomy with bile duct resection and reconstruction was performed. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of pleomorphic spindle cells in a myxoid stroma with focal staining of S-100 by immunohistochemistry. The histologic diagnosis was UES. Adjuvant therapy with vincristine, actinomycin-D, and cyclophosphamide was performed, and at 14 months of follow-up, the patient is alive without any evidence of recurrence. The clinical and histopathological features, as well as the therapeutic choices for adult UES, are described for this patient and in the literature of the past 50 years.
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27
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Wei ZG, Tang LF, Chen ZM, Tang HF, Li MJ. Childhood undifferentiated embryonal liver sarcoma: clinical features and immunohistochemistry analysis. J Pediatr Surg 2008; 43:1912-9. [PMID: 18926232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2008.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2008] [Revised: 06/14/2008] [Accepted: 06/17/2008] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study was to report on 3 cases of childhood undifferentiated embryonal liver sarcoma (UELS) and to highlight the clinical features, laboratory findings, diagnosis, and management of this rare disease. METHODS The patients' age, sex, clinical features, laboratory findings, pathologic results, and therapy were reviewed. Immunohistochemistry analysis was performed on the resected mass sections. RESULTS In this study, 2 cases were female (aged 8 and 12 years) and 1 was male (aged 9 years). The causes of hospitalization were mainly abdominal pain, mass, or fever. An elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate was noted in 2 available cases, and alpha fetoprotein (AFP) was within the normal range. Imaging findings indicated a well-defined heterogeneous large mass in the right lobe. Histopathologic evaluation of the mass confirmed the diagnosis of UELS. Immunohistochemical staining showed that vimentin and CD68 antigen were positive in all samples, whereas desmin was positive in one sample. Surgery with chemotherapy was performed in 2 cases. CONCLUSION The diagnosis of UELS depends mainly on the pathologic findings. Undifferentiated embryonal liver sarcoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of mass in the liver, especially with well-defined heterogeneous imaging findings and normal AFP. Diagnosis and management should be made early as UELS is a potentially treatable tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Gu Wei
- Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 57 Zhugan Xiang, Hangzhou 310003, China
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28
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Kóbori L, Nagy P, Máthé Z, Hartmann E, Doros A, Paku S, Dezső K, Sápi Z. Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor of the Liver: A Case Report. Pathol Oncol Res 2008; 14:329-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-008-9078-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2008] [Accepted: 06/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Lenze F, Birkfellner T, Lenz P, Hussein K, Länger F, Kreipe H, Domschke W. Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver in adults. Cancer 2008; 112:2274-82. [PMID: 18361435 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.23431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver (UESL), a rare tumor that predominantly affects children, generally has been considered an aggressive neoplasm with an unfavorable prognosis. More recent reports have indicated that modern multimodal treatment and supportive care improve the survival of children with UESL. Data regarding the treatment and survival of adults have not been reviewed comprehensively, and only a few adult patients with UESL have been reported in the literature. METHODS The authors analyzed demographics, treatment, and actuarial survival of all reported cases of UESL in patients aged >or=15 years (n = 67 patients). In addition, 1 case is presented of a patient with UESL who was treated successfully at the authors' institution. RESULTS The median survival of all patients with UESL who were analyzed was 29 months. Patients who underwent complete tumor resection followed by adjuvant chemotherapy survived over a median follow-up of 28.5 months and had significantly better survival compared with patients who underwent surgical treatment alone. Patients who underwent an incomplete tumor resection had a tendency toward poorer outcomes. CONCLUSIONS To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report to demonstrate a significant effect on survival for adjuvant chemotherapy after complete surgical resection of UESL in adults. The role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy was not evaluated in this study. In the case study presented herein, combined therapy with surgery and chemotherapy led to a complete, sustained remission that has lasted for >6 years to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Lenze
- Department of Medicine B, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.
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30
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Jiménez Fuertes M, López Andújar R, de Juan Burgueño M, Moya Herráiz A, Sanjuán Rodríguez F, Montalvá Orón E, Pareja Ibars E, Mir Pallardó J. [Hepatic undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma in an adult: a case report and literature review]. GASTROENTEROLOGIA Y HEPATOLOGIA 2008; 31:12-7. [PMID: 18218274 DOI: 10.1157/13114564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma of the liver (USL) is a rare malignant hepatic tumor in adults. We report the case of a 40-year-old man with USL who was successfully treated with surgical resection and chemotherapy using ifosfamide and adriamycin. To our knowledge, only 70 cases of USL in adults have been reported worldwide in the 40 years since this clinicopathological entity was defined. Although the prognosis of the disease remains generally poor, long term survival has been achieved in patients with a combination of surgery and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montiel Jiménez Fuertes
- Unidad de Cirugía y Trasplante Hepatobiliopancreático, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, España.
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32
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Iqbal K, Xian ZM, Yuan C. Undifferentiated liver sarcoma -- rare entity: a case report and review of the literature. J Med Case Rep 2008; 2:20. [PMID: 18218141 PMCID: PMC2253550 DOI: 10.1186/1752-1947-2-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2006] [Accepted: 01/25/2008] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Undifferentiated Liver Sarcoma, also known as Undifferentiated Embryonal Sarcoma of the Liver, is a rare, highly malignant neoplasm which affects mostly the pediatric population, although a few cases have been reported in adults. It accounts for about 13% of pediatric hepatic malignancies. Case presentation We report a case of undifferentiated liver sarcoma in a 14-year-old Chinese boy who presented with non-specific right hypochondriac pain. Exploratory laparotomy with tumor resection was performed, followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. Conclusion Undifferentiated Liver Sarcoma is a rare, highly malignant hepatic neoplasm affecting almost exclusively the pediatric population. The prognosis is poor but recent evidence shows that long-term survival is possible after complete surgical resection and postoperative chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashif Iqbal
- Nuclear Medicine, Oncology and Radiotherapy Institute, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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33
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Weitz J, Klimstra DS, Cymes K, Jarnagin WR, D'Angelica M, La Quaglia MP, Fong Y, Brennan MF, Blumgart LH, Dematteo RP. Management of primary liver sarcomas. Cancer 2007; 109:1391-6. [PMID: 17315167 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.22530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary hepatic sarcoma is a rare entity. The objectives of the study were to define treatment and long-term outcome and to identify prognostic factors. METHODS Between January 1981 and December 2004, 30 patients with primary sarcoma of the liver and 5 patients with primary carcinosarcoma of the liver were treated. Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, treatment, and actuarial survival were analyzed. RESULTS Of the 30 patients with primary hepatic sarcoma (10 epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, 5 embryonal sarcoma, 5 angiosarcoma, 3 solitary fibrous tumor, and 7 other types), 11 underwent R0-resection and had a 5-year disease-specific survival of 64%. Of these 11 patients, 4 had low-grade sarcoma and have not developed tumor recurrence. In the group of 7 patients with high-grade sarcomas who underwent R0-resection, both patients with angiosarcoma died within 11 months, whereas the 5 patients with embryonal sarcoma had a 5-year disease-free and disease-specific survival of 80%. Six of the 10 patients with an epithelioid hemangioendothelioma were managed without surgery, as they had diffuse, slowly progressing, or stable lesions; these patients had a 5-year disease-specific survival of 67%. Of the remaining 13 patients in whom R0-resection was not performed, there were no 3-year survivors. The prognosis for patients with primary carcinosarcoma of the liver was poor, with all but 1 patient dying within a year and no 3-year survivors. CONCLUSIONS The outcome of patients with primary hepatic sarcoma depends primarily on tumor histology and the ability to achieve complete tumor resection. Improvements in outcome will require the development of more effective systemic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juürgen Weitz
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
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Nicol K, Savell V, Moore J, Teot L, Spunt SL, Qualman S. Distinguishing undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver from biliary tract rhabdomyosarcoma: a Children's Oncology Group study. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2007; 10:89-97. [PMID: 17378682 DOI: 10.2350/06-03-0068.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2006] [Accepted: 07/25/2006] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Morphologically, the distinction between undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver (UESL) and biliary tract rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) can be uncertain because of some shared pathologic similarities. Patients with UESL have been consistently but erroneously enrolled in Children's Oncology Group (COG) treatment protocols because UESL was equated with RMS, despite the differing primary treatment modalities of these entities. Review of COG pathology files yielded 20 cases of UESL that were compared to 25 cases of biliary tract RMS. Clinicopathologic features including immunohistochemical staining were examined. In the UESL cases, the male:female ratio was 1:1 and the median age was 10.5 years. Histologically, hyaline globules and diffuse anaplasia were consistently present. The cases of RMS had a male:female ratio of 1.8:1 with a median age of 3.4 years and routinely lacked diffuse anaplasia and hyaline globules. Polyclonal desmin and muscle-specific actin were variably immunoreactive in UESL and RMS; however, myogenin and myogenic regulatory protein D1 (MyoD1) were uniformly negative in UESL and routinely positive in the majority of biliary tract RMS. Myogenin, in particular, was highly significant (P = 0.0003) in distinguishing RMS from UESL. With a median follow-up of 8 months, 11 of 18 patients with UESL were still alive. The estimated 5-year survival for biliary tract RMS was 66%. Establishing the correct diagnosis of these distinct clinical and pathologic entities is important, as surgery alone may be curative in UESL, whereas initial chemotherapy is often recommended for the treatment of biliary tract RMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Nicol
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
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Sakellaridis T, Panagiotou I, Georgantas T, Micros G, Rontogianni D, Antiochos C. Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver mimicking acute appendicitis. Case report and review of the literature. World J Surg Oncol 2006; 4:9. [PMID: 16504010 PMCID: PMC1403776 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-4-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2005] [Accepted: 02/20/2006] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma (UES) of liver is a rare malignant neoplasm, which affects mostly the pediatric population accounting for 13% of pediatric hepatic malignancies, a few cases has been reported in adults. CASE PRESENTATION We report a case of undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver in a 20-year-old Caucasian male. The patient was referred to us for further investigation after a laparotomy in a district hospital for spontaneous abdominal hemorrhage, which was due to a liver mass. After a through evaluation with computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging of the liver and taking into consideration the previous history of the patient, it was decided to surgically explore the patient. Resection of I-IV and VIII hepatic lobe. Patient developed disseminated intravascular coagulation one day after the surgery and died the next day. CONCLUSION It is a rare, highly malignant hepatic neoplasm, affecting almost exclusively the pediatric population. The prognosis is poor but recent evidence has shown that long-term survival is possible after complete surgical resection with or without postoperative chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - George Micros
- 1Surgical Department, 401 Army Force General Hospital of Athens, Greece
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Almogy G, Lieberman S, Gips M, Pappo O, Edden Y, Jurim O, Simon Slasky B, Uzieli B, Eid A. Clinical outcomes of surgical resections for primary liver sarcoma in adults: results from a single centre. Eur J Surg Oncol 2004; 30:421-7. [PMID: 15063896 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2004.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2004] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary hepatic sarcoma is a rare tumour with a poor prognosis. METHODS From 1997 to 2002 eight patients had liver resection for primary sarcoma of the liver at our institution. The clinical characteristics, imaging findings, surgical procedures, adjuvant therapy and outcome were retrospectively reviewed. There were two patients each with angiosarcoma (AS), leiomyosarcoma (LMS), and undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma (UES), one patient with epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) and one patient with malignant peripheral nerve sheath sarcoma (PNSS). RESULTS The most common presenting symptoms were right upper quadrant pain and fever. Typical imaging findings were a heterogenous mass with poorly defined margins, pseudocapsule and aberrant vasculature. Preoperative diagnosis of a primary liver sarcoma was made in 7/8 cases, either by fine needle aspiration (n = 5) or angiography (n = 2). Five right hepatectomies and three trisegmentectomies were performed. An R (0) resection was possible in three cases. Two patients developed complications and there was one death. Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy was administered to 5/7 patients. Systemic chemotherapy led to tumour regression in both patients with UES which enabled a second hepatic resection. CONCLUSIONS The majority of patients with primary liver sarcoma present with right upper quadrant pain, fever and a liver mass. Differentiating the rare primary liver sarcoma from the much more common hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may aid in planning therapy. Patients with resectable tumours should be referred for surgery. Liver resection combined with adjuvant chemotherapy are the mainstays of treatment for UES in the adult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gidon Almogy
- Department of Surgery, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Zimmermann A. Hepatoblastoma with cholangioblastic features ('cholangioblastic hepatoblastoma') and other liver tumors with bimodal differentiation in young patients. MEDICAL AND PEDIATRIC ONCOLOGY 2002; 39:487-91. [PMID: 12228905 DOI: 10.1002/mpo.10173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In a subset of hepatoblastomas, differentiation of neoplastic cells can proceed along a pathway resulting in cholangiocyte-like cells. These cells either occur as single, immunohistochemically detectable elements, or form incomplete and complete duct-like profiles in continuation with embryonal, fetal or macrotrabecular hepatoblastoma components. As a working formulation it is proposed to employ the term, hepatoblastoma with cholangioblastic features (or 'cholangioblastic' hepatoblastoma), to denote such lesions. This bimodal differentiation presents itself in other rare tumors in the form of complex arrays of duct-like cells encircling nests of neoplastic hepatocyte lineage cells, in some way mimicking a ductal plate. A possible pathogenetic pathway is suggested, i.e., uni- or bipotential neoplastic progenitors switch into either of the two lineages.
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Kim DY, Kim KH, Jung SE, Lee SC, Park KW, Kim WK. Undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma of the liver: combination treatment by surgery and chemotherapy. J Pediatr Surg 2002; 37:1419-23. [PMID: 12378446 DOI: 10.1053/jpsu.2002.35404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma of the liver (USL) is a rare malignancy found in older children, and the most appropriate treatment strategy has been controversial. The authors report the tumor's clinical characteristics and the results of management in 6 children and recommend the best treatment plans based on these findings. METHODS Six USL pathologically verified at Seoul National University Children's Hospital between 1990 and 2000 were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS The mean age at diagnosis of USL was 10.3 years (range, 7 to 13 years). There were 2 girls and 4 boys; 5 of 6 children presented with large abdominal mass, one with weight loss. Tumors ranged in size from 8.5 x 9.0 cm to 15.0 x 15.0 cm. Location of the tumor varied from right lobe in 4 to left lobe in one, and both lobes in one. Three children underwent primary complete resection without preoperative chemotherapy. Partial resection of the tumor was done in one child because of encasing inferior vena cava and hepatic vein. However, complete resection was possible at second-look operation after chemotherapy. Two children underwent complete resection after chemotherapy. Preoperative chemotherapy allowed successful resection of 3 USL, which were initially considered unresectable. Postoperative recovery for all children was uneventful. Chemotherapy according to the the Third Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study (IRS III) was administered to all except one child who refused further postoperative chemotherapy after having had severe complications during the first cycle of chemotherapy. One child with partial resection died of sepsis at 22 months after diagnosis during postoperative chemotherapy after complete surgical removal of the tumor. Five children are alive without recurrence at 40, 45, 48, 60, and 122 months, respectively, after diagnosis. CONCLUSION The combined therapy of surgery and chemotherapy in USL can improve the prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Yeon Kim
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Bisogno G, Pilz T, Perilongo G, Ferrari A, Harms D, Ninfo V, Treuner J, Carli M. Undifferentiated sarcoma of the liver in childhood: a curable disease. Cancer 2002; 94:252-7. [PMID: 11815984 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.10191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma of the liver (UESL) is a rare childhood hepatic tumor, and it is generally considered an aggressive neoplasm with an unfavorable prognosis. METHODS The Soft Tissue Sarcoma Italian and German Cooperative Groups enrolled 17 children with UESL in studies conducted between 1979 and 1995. They were treated using the same multimodal approach as for patients with sarcomas including conservative surgery at diagnosis, multiagent chemotherapy, and second-look operation in cases of residual disease. Radiotherapy was occasionally used (2 of 17 patients). RESULTS Twelve patients are alive with follow-up ranging from 2.4 to 20 years. Eight underwent complete tumor resection either at diagnosis or after preoperative chemotherapy, and all are currently alive. After initial chemotherapy tumor reduction was evident in six of nine evaluable cases. Overall three patients died of disease and one of a surgical complication. One child died in second complete remission for a non-disease-related cause. CONCLUSIONS The current prognosis of UESL no longer should be regarded as poor. Modern multimodal treatment and supportive therapy have improved survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Bisogno
- Pediatric Oncology-Hematology Division, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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Górnicka B, Ziarkiewicz-Wróblewska B, Michalowicz B, Pawlak J, Wróblewski T, Krawczyk M, Wasiutyński A, Kappeler A, Zimmermann A. Immature hepatic tumor of bimodal differentiation in a young adult patient: a novel lesion expressing beta-catenin and mimicking a distinct phase of hepatogenesis. J Hepatol 2001; 34:955-61. [PMID: 11451184 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8278(01)00011-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PATIENT AND METHODS A large right-sided liver tumor was incidentally discovered and totally resected in a 21-year-old female patient without chronic liver disease. Histopathologic examination revealed that this malignant tumor does not fit any of the known types of primary liver tumors reported thus far. RESULTS The lesion chiefly consisted of numerous solid nests composed of immature epithelial cells disclosing a marker profile typical for hepatocytes and strongly expressing beta-catenin. These nests were tightly associated with abnormal duct-like profiles exhibiting features of bile duct cells. CONCLUSIONS The finding of numerous neoplastic hepatobiliary units ('liverlets') suggests that this tumor may mimic a distinct developmental phase of hepatogenesis close to ductal plate formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Górnicka
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
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Sowery RD, Jensen C, Morrison KB, Horsman DE, Sorensen PH, Webber EM. Comparative genomic hybridization detects multiple chromosomal amplifications and deletions in undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001; 126:128-33. [PMID: 11376805 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(00)00404-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma (UES) is the third most common hepatic malignancy in children. Previous reports have described a broad range of complex cytogenetic abnormalities in individual cases of hepatic UES. Herein we report the cytogenetic findings of six cases of hepatic UES at our institution analyzed by conventional cytogenetic methods and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). The CGH demonstrated several chromosomal gains and deletions in each case, but there was no specific abnormality seen in every case. Patterns of chromosomal changes included gains of chromosome 1q (four cases), 5p (four cases), 6q (four cases), 8p (three cases), and 12q (three cases), and losses of chromosome 9p (two cases), 11p (two cases), and chromosome 14 (three cases). The three cases in which CGH showed gains in the 12q region were studied specifically for amplifications of MDM2 and CDK4, two genes that have been shown to be amplified in other soft tissue sarcomas. However, Southern analysis showed no amplification of MDM2 or CDK4 in these three cases. Further analysis will be needed to determine the critical events in the pathogenesis of these malignant pediatric liver tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Sowery
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, A242 4480 Oak St., V6H 3V4, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Abstract
Primary angiosarcoma of the liver accounts for up to 2% of all primary liver tumors and is the second most common primary malignant neoplasm of the liver. Approximately 10 to 20 new cases are diagnosed every year in the United States and the prevalence varies from 0.14 to 0.25 per million. In an autopsy series from Chicago, one hepatic angiosarcoma was noted for every 30 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Mani
- Department of Pathology, Indian Navy Health Service, Asvini, Colaba, Mumbai, India
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Abstract
Although they account for only 1% to 4% of solid tumors in children, hepatic tumors and pseudotumors offer a diagnostic challenge to the clinician seeing only an occasional case. Metastatic lesions such as neuroblastoma, Wilms' tumor, and lymphoma are the most common neoplasm seen in the liver, but 10 distinct primary tumors and pseudotumors of the liver occur with some regularity, and a few others may be seen rarely, including leiomyosarcoma, rhabdoid tumor, and endodermal sinus tumor. Five of these neoplasms--hepatoblastoma, infantile hemangio-endothelioma, mesenchymal hamartoma, undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma, and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the biliary tree--occur only in children and are the major focus of the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Stocker
- Department of Pathology, F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services, University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Webber EM, Morrison KB, Pritchard SL, Sorensen PH. Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver: results of clinical management in one center. J Pediatr Surg 1999; 34:1641-4. [PMID: 10591560 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3468(99)90634-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was undertaken to review the authors' clinical experience with undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver (UES) in children, focusing on the clinical presentation and results of treatment. METHODS A retrospective analysis of all children who have undergone treatment for UES during the 15-year period from 1984 through 1998 was performed. RESULTS Seven patients (4 boys and 3 girls) ranging in age from 20 months to 12 years at the time of diagnosis were identified. All presented with large abdominal masses and normal liver function test results. All underwent complete tumor resection; trisegmentectomy was required in 4 of these cases. All patients received postoperative chemotherapy. Two patients suffered tumor recurrence at 12 and 29 months; both of these patients died of their disease. Another patient died of complications related to chemotherapy. The other 4 patients are alive with no evidence of disease after 19 to 150 months' follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver presents as a large hepatic tumor. Operative resection is difficult, but combined with adjuvant chemotherapy offers the best hope for cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Webber
- Department of Pathology, British Columbia's Children's Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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46
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Pollono DG, Drut R. Undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma of the liver: fine-needle aspiration cytology and preoperative chemotherapy as an approach to diagnosis and initial treatment. A case report. Diagn Cytopathol 1998; 19:102-6. [PMID: 9702485 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0339(199808)19:2<102::aid-dc6>3.0.co;2-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The present report describes the case of a 9-year-old girl with an undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma of the liver diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). The smears revealed pleomorphic cells, some with cytoplasmic vacuoles and eosinophilic inclusions, as well as spindle cells and myxoid tissue, cytologic features which appear to be distinctive from any other malignant tumor of the liver. Preoperative chemotherapy was then given using a protocol for high-grade soft-tissue sarcomas (MMT95 953 branch B, SIOP). This scheme induced very good response allowing complete surgery 8 months after diagnosis. The patient is alive and well 11 months after surgery. The combined FNAC-preoperative chemotherapy approach may prove useful for this highly malignant tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Pollono
- Unidad de Oncología, Hospital de Niños Superiora Sor María Ludovica, La Plata, Argentina
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47
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Douglass EC. Hepatic malignancies in childhood and adolescence (hepatoblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and embryonal sarcoma). Cancer Treat Res 1998; 92:201-12. [PMID: 9494762 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-5767-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatoblastoma is the most common malignant liver tumor of childhood. Clinical trials have demonstrated its responsiveness to chemotherapy, especially with platinum-based chemotherapeutic agents. In patients with completely resected tumors, recurrent disease is effectively controlled by adjuvant chemotherapy. In patients with initially unresectable tumors, chemotherapy can induce tumor shrinkage sufficient to allow complete extirpation of tumor and also to prevent recurrent disease. The child with tumor resistant to primary therapy or with recurrent disease presents a special problem requiring individualized and innovative therapies, including consideration of orthotopic liver transplant. Hepatocellular carcinoma in children and adolescents carries a much poorer prognosis compared to hepatoblastoma. Complete resection of tumor offers the only hope of cure, but these tumors are unfortunately resistant or partially resistant to conventional doses of chemotherapy. A number of innovative treatment strategies have been employed, but optimal treatment remains elusive. Transplant for tumor localized to the liver may offer the only hope of cure. Embryonal (undifferentiated) sarcoma of the liver is a rare tumor that has not been studied prospectively in any clinical trial. Small published series indicate that it can be responsive to chemotherapy, and cure may be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Douglass
- St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Philadelphia, PA 19134-1095, USA
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49
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Sola-Pérez J, Pérez-Guillermo M, Giménez-Bascuñana A, Garre-Sánchez C. Cytopathology of undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma of the liver. Diagn Cytopathol 1995; 13:44-51. [PMID: 7587875 DOI: 10.1002/dc.2840130110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We have studied one undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma of the liver (USL) by fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and have correlated the cytologic findings with those seen in the histologic sections. The main cytologic and immunocytochemical features were: cellular aspirates, mesenchymal clusters, disparity in individual cell size (small round cells, and multinucleated giant cells, sometimes bizarre), absence of biliary pigment, AFP-negative and vimentin-negative tumor cells, AFP-negative and PAS-positive hyaline globules, and apoptotic cells. Only immunostaining for alpha-1-antitrypsin, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, and carcinoembryonic antigen were positive in tumor cells in histologic sections. The differential diagnosis should be carried out with rhabdomyosarcomas, hepatoblastomas, malignant fibrous histiocytomas, and poorly differentiated hepatocarcinomas. We think that the cytologic features observed in this case, evaluated both in the appropriate clinical context and in the light of the laboratory findings, may permit the correct diagnosis of this infrequent liver tumor. Nevertheless, more cases need to be studied to assess the reliability of our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sola-Pérez
- Department of Pathology, Arrixaca University Hospital, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
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50
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Urban CE, Mache CJ, Schwinger W, Pakisch B, Ranner G, Riccabona M, Schimpl G, Brandesky G, Messner H, Pobegen W. Undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma of the liver in childhood. Successful combined-modality therapy in four patients. Cancer 1993; 72:2511-6. [PMID: 8402469 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(19931015)72:8<2511::aid-cncr2820720833>3.0.co;2-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma of the liver is a rare, highly malignant, mesenchymal tumor presenting predominantly in late childhood. Four girls, ages 6-13 years, who were treated with combined-modality regimens are reported. METHODS In the first and second patients, hemihepatectomy resulted in complete removal of the tumor, and multiple-agent chemotherapy was administered postoperatively. In the third patient, only partial resection could be accomplished initially. By synchronous radiation therapy and chemotherapy, the tumor decreased to an extent that it could be resected completely and was totally devitalized on histologic examination. Postoperative chemotherapy was discontinued after 8 weeks. In the fourth patient, the tumor was not resectable at diagnostic biopsy. Polychemotherapy led to a significant reduction of the tumor size, and resection with clear margins could be performed subsequently. Because histologic necrosis amounted to about 95%, postoperative chemotherapy was also discontinued after 6 weeks. RESULTS All four patients remain well without evidence of tumor recurrence after 79, 41, 36, and 22 months from diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS The authors suggest that a multimodal therapeutic regimen should be used in patients with undifferentiated hepatic sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Urban
- University Kinderklinik Graz, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Austria
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