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A Case of Significant Response to Olaparib in a Patient with Primary Peritoneal Carcinosarcoma Diagnosed by Laparoscopic Surgery. Case Rep Obstet Gynecol 2020; 2020:9106390. [PMID: 32850164 PMCID: PMC7436359 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9106390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary peritoneal carcinosarcomas which arise from extragenital locations are extremely rare. Carinosarcomas contain both carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements and can be mainly detected in the female genital tract. We herein report a case of primary peritoneal carcinosarcoma diagnosed by laparoscopic surgery and treated with olaparib. A 62-year-old woman referred to our hospital due to abdominal distension. From imaging findings, we suspected advanced primary peritoneal carcinoma, and laparoscopic surgery was thereafter performed. The pathological diagnosis was carcinosarcoma, and the patient received chemotherapy with docetaxel and carboplatin. After three cycles of chemotherapy, the interval debulking surgery was attempted but resulted in suboptimal results. Because the bilateral ovaries were observed with a normal size and normal findings, we considered that the most likely diagnosis was primary peritoneal carcinosarcoma. After the additional chemotherapy and a 6-month observation period, the tumor relapsed. The patient received chemotherapy again, and the peritoneal carcinosarcoma was judged to be a platinum-sensitive tumor. Oral administration of olaparib was thus initiated. Although a dose reduction was needed due to anemia, olaparib was effective, and the patient could continue the drug for another 7 months. This is the first report of primary peritoneal carcinosarcoma treated with olaparib and shows that it could be a treatment option for platinum-sensitive tumors.
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Fu HS, Wu YC, Chen CH, Liu WM, Cheng CJ, Chang CW, Wang ID, Chiu YH. Primary peritoneal carcinosarcoma: A report of two cases. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2019; 58:288-291. [PMID: 30910155 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Carcinosarcomas also known as malignant mixed mullerian tumors (MMMTs) contain both carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements. Most MMMTs are arising from female genital tract, including ovaries, uterus and fallopian tubes. Extragenital carcinosarcomas are extremely rare, with an estimation less than 40 cases so far. CASE REPORT We report two cases of primary peritoneal carcinosarcomas. An 81-year-old woman with pelvic peritoneal carcinosarcoma, heterologous type, was treated with incomplete surgery without further chemotherapy, and died of disease soon. The other one was a 76 year-old woman with abdominal peritoneal carcinosarcoma, homologous type. After optimal debulking surgery and subsequent 6 cycles of combination of paclitaxel and carboplatin chemotherapy, the patient is free of tumor half of year. CONCLUSION Active therapy, including complete cytoreduction surgery and carboplatin-paclitaxel chemotherapy might offer a chance of disease control for these unusual primary peritoneal carcinosarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Sheng Fu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chen Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hui Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Min Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Jui Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wen Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-De Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsieh Chiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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3
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Huang CC, Tsai HJ, Huang SH, Kok VC. A successfully treated primary peritoneal carcinosarcoma and serous carcinoma of stage IIIC rescued from hypovolemic shock due to tumor rupture. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2019; 58:296-297. [PMID: 30910157 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Che-Cheng Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Shalu Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Jyh Tsai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Shalu Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Shih Hsuan Huang
- Department of Pathology, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Dajia Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Victor C Kok
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Shalu Taichung, Taiwan
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Koyanagi T, To Y, Ando M, Matsuoka S, Nakamura S, Goto M, Kondo H, Eguchi F, Tsujioka H. Primary peritoneal carcinosarcoma arising from the Douglas pouch: A case report. Mol Clin Oncol 2018; 9:485-488. [PMID: 30345041 PMCID: PMC6174426 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2018.1711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary peritoneal carcinosarcoma is extremely rare and only few cases have been reported in the literature to date. We herein present a case of carcinosarcoma of the Douglas pouch in a 73-year-old Japanese woman. The patient complained of fever and lower abdominal pain, and a large pelvic mass (>10 cm in diameter) was detected, with rectal invasion. Laparotomy was performed and revealed a left ovarian abscess and a Douglas pouch mass; however, there was no obvious tumor involvement of the bilateral ovaries or uterus. The patient underwent total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and tumor debulking, with a reduction rate of ~30%. Sigmoid colostomy was also performed due to the deep and wide rectal invasion. Histologically, the tumor was composed of a mixture of ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma and spindle-cell sarcoma mimicking leiomyosarcoma. Immunohistochemically, the serous carcinoma component was positive for cytokeratin (CK)7, Wilms' tumor-1 and p53 (null type), while CDX-2 and CK20 were negative. The spindle-cell sarcoma component was positive for vimentin and α-smooth muscle actin. The present case was diagnosed as carcinosarcoma of the homologous type derived from the peritoneum in the Douglas pouch. The patient received several courses of combination chemotherapy with paclitaxel, carboplatin and bevacizumab, and achieved complete remission. The principal treatment for such cases is surgery, and several chemotherapeutic regimens, including paclitaxel and carboplatin, or cisplatin and ifosfamide, have been reported. The accumulation of more clinical cases is crucial for understanding the clinicopathological characteristics of these rare tumors and establishing effective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Koyanagi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASO Iizuka Hospital, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8505, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Yoko To
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASO Iizuka Hospital, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8505, Japan
| | - Miho Ando
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASO Iizuka Hospital, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8505, Japan
| | - Sakiko Matsuoka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASO Iizuka Hospital, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8505, Japan
| | - Sumie Nakamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASO Iizuka Hospital, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8505, Japan
| | - Maki Goto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASO Iizuka Hospital, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8505, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Kondo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASO Iizuka Hospital, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8505, Japan
| | - Fuyuki Eguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASO Iizuka Hospital, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8505, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tsujioka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASO Iizuka Hospital, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8505, Japan
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Del Papa M, D'Amata G, Manzi F, Musmeci L, Crovaro M, Buonocore C, Florio G, Giannetti A. Extragenital malignant mixed mesodermal tumor: A case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2017; 41:323-326. [PMID: 29136604 PMCID: PMC5683040 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary peritoneal Malignant Mixed mesodermal tumor is an extremely rare and aggressive neoplasm with only few case reported in the literature. Recommendations for the treatment of MMMT are based on individual cases only. Surgical excision is the most effective treatment in carcinosarcomas.
Introduction Primary malignant mixed mesodermal tumor (MMMt, also called malignant mixed Mullerian tumor and designated in the WHO classification of female genital tract neoplasms as carcinosarcoma) is an infrequent tumor that develops usually in the uterus and more rarely in the ovary. Extragenital tumor, including primary peritoneal MMMt, is an extremely rare and aggressive neoplasm with only few case reported in the literature. Presentation of case We report a case of a 70-year’s old female who presented with nausea and abdominal discomfort for 6 months. Workup revealed an abdominal mass. Patient was treated with surgical removal in a general hospital. Discussion Most peritoneal carcinosarcomas originate in the pelvic peritoneum, followed by decreasing frequency in the serosal surface of the colon, retroperitoneum, anterolateral abdominal peritoneum, and omentum. Surgical excision is the most effective treatment in carcinosarcomas. A complete cytoreduction, with resection of cancer to a status of no evidence of disease by the surgeon’s unaided eye should be attempted. Conclusion Owing to the rarity of the disease, limited data regarding the management of peritoneal MMMT exists. Recommendations for the treatment of MMMT are based on individual cases only. In our case, the patient is alive with a follow-up of 15 months and she did not receive any cycle of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Del Papa
- Department of General Surgery, Ospedale "Leopoldo Parodi Delfino", Colleferro, Italy
| | - Gabriele D'Amata
- Department of General Surgery, Ospedale "Leopoldo Parodi Delfino", Colleferro, Italy.
| | - Fulvio Manzi
- Department of General Surgery, Ospedale "Leopoldo Parodi Delfino", Colleferro, Italy
| | - Luca Musmeci
- Department of General Surgery, Ospedale "Leopoldo Parodi Delfino", Colleferro, Italy
| | - Marco Crovaro
- Department of General Surgery, Ospedale "Leopoldo Parodi Delfino", Colleferro, Italy
| | - Carlo Buonocore
- Department of General Surgery, Ospedale "Leopoldo Parodi Delfino", Colleferro, Italy
| | - Gaetano Florio
- Department of General Surgery, Ospedale "Leopoldo Parodi Delfino", Colleferro, Italy
| | - Andrea Giannetti
- Department of Pathology, Ospedale "Leopoldo Parodi Delfino", Colleferro, Italy
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Wong KY, Ng AX, Lim TYK. Primary Pouch of Douglas malignancies: A case series and review of the literature. Gynecol Oncol Rep 2017; 21:94-97. [PMID: 28795131 PMCID: PMC5537103 DOI: 10.1016/j.gore.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
POD lesions are often diagnosed as ovarian or uterine in origin on imaging. POD malignancies with concomitant endometriosis, appear to be of lower grade. There is no consensus on the optimal treatment for rare primary POD neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ker Yi Wong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, 229899, Singapore
- Corresponding author at: 100 Bukit Timah Road, Level 4 Children's Tower, Graduate Medical Education Office, 229899, Singapore.Graduate Medical Education Office100 Bukit Timah RoadLevel 4 Children's Tower229899Singapore
| | - Ada Xinhui Ng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, 229899, Singapore
| | - Timothy Yong Kuei Lim
- Department of Gyneoncology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, 229899, Singapore
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7
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Mullerian carcinosarcoma arising in the cecum associated with florid vascular proliferation/glomeruloid microvascular proliferation. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2012. [PMID: 23202786 DOI: 10.1097/pgp.0b013e318257df2a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is required for tumor growth, and the degree of new vessel formation correlates with adverse prognosis in many types of malignancies. It has now been appreciated that tumor-associated vasculature is heterogenous and sometimes includes a complex vasoformative process that has been termed florid vascular proliferation or glomeruloid microvascular proliferation. These vascular lesions are most characteristic of high-grade gliomas and neuroendocrine tumors but are being increasingly recognized in other types of neoplasias as well. Herein we report a case of carcinosarcoma arising within the cecal wall of a 62-yr-old patient that exhibited florid vascular proliferation, particularly at the time of peritoneal recurrence. Recognition of these tumor-associated vasoformative lesions may be important in view of their adverse prognostic association and may become therapeutically relevant considering the current developments in angiogenesis inhibitors.
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8
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Malhotra V, Nanda S, Chauhan MB, Marwah N, Sen R. Heterologous Malignant Mixed Müllerian Tumor of the Uterus and Fallopian Tube: A Case Report. J Gynecol Surg 2012. [DOI: 10.1089/gyn.2010.0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vani Malhotra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (PGIMS), Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Smiti Nanda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (PGIMS), Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Meenakshi Barsaul Chauhan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (PGIMS), Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Nisha Marwah
- Department of Pathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (PGIMS), Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Rajiv Sen
- Department of Pathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (PGIMS), Rohtak, Haryana, India
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9
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Endometrial stromal sarcoma of uterus. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2011; 25:719-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2011.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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10
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Nasser H, Morris RT, Fathallah L. Ovarian malignant mixed mullerian tumor with primitive neuroectodermal differentiation: case report with review of the literature. Pathol Res Pract 2011; 207:202-6. [PMID: 20950943 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2010.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Revised: 08/06/2010] [Accepted: 08/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian malignant mixed mullarian tumor (OMMMT) is a rare and aggressive tumor of the female genital tract, occurring mainly in elderly women. Stage of disease is the most important predictor for survival with no prognostic effect, yet, of heterologous elements. Rare case reports described the peculiar presence of primitive neuroectodermal tissue among other heterologous elements in these tumors. Attractive designations, such as teratoid carcinosarcoma, were set by some authors to describe this subset of lesions, where it was considered a primary neuroectodermal tumor capable of multilineage differentiation. We here report a case of OMMMT in an elderly woman with focal primitive neuroectodermal differentiation as the sole heterologous element, and review the controversy on this topic in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham Nasser
- Department of Pathology, St. John Hospital and Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48236, USA.
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11
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Kurshumliu F, Rung-Hansen H, Skovlund VR, Gashi-Luci L, Horn T. Primary malignant mixed müllerian tumor of the peritoneum a case report with review of the literature. World J Surg Oncol 2011; 9:17. [PMID: 21294883 PMCID: PMC3039619 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-9-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2010] [Accepted: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant mixed Müllerian tumor is a rare malignancy of the genital tract and extremely uncommon in extragenital sites. This report describes a case of malignant mixed Müllerian tumor arising in the lower peritoneum of a 72-year-old female patient. The patient presented with ascites, lower abdominal mass and pleural effusion. The serum level of CA125 was elevated. At operation a diffuse carcinosis associated with tumor mass measuring 20 × 15 × 10 cm in the vesicouterine and Duglas' pouch were found. The uterus and the adnexa were unremarkable. Histopathology revealed a typical malignant mixed Müllerian tumor, heterologous type. The epithelial component was positive for cytokeratin 7 and vimentin whereas the mesenchymal component was positive for Vimentin, S100 and focally for CK7. The histogenesis of this tumor arising from the peritoneum is still speculative. Based on the previous reports and the immunohistochemical analysis of our case, we believe that this is a monoclonal tumor with carcinoma being the "precursor" element. Nevertheless, further molecular and genetic evidence is needed to support such a conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fisnik Kurshumliu
- Institute of Anatomic Pathology, Medical School, University Clinical Center, Prishtina, Kosovo
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12
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Huang CC, Ma CJ, Huang WT, Chan TF, Wang JY. Primary malignant mixed Müllerian tumor arising from the mesorectum with a synchronous ovarian cancer: a case report and review of the literature. J Med Case Rep 2011; 5:15. [PMID: 21244653 PMCID: PMC3224474 DOI: 10.1186/1752-1947-5-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2009] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Extragenital malignant mixed Müllerian tumor is an extremely rare presentation of malignant mixed Müllerian tumor, especially when combined with a synchronous ovarian cancer. Case presentation We report the clinical course and pathologic findings of a case of mesorectal malignant mixed Müllerian tumor with synchronous ovarian cancer, in a 50-year-old, gravida 0, para 0, Han Chinese woman with regular menstruation. This is the sixteenth case in the English literature of extragenital malignant mixed Müllerian tumor combined with synchronous or metachronous malignancy reported. Conclusion Although extragenital malignant mixed Müllerian tumor is very rare and has a poor prognososis, a longer survival time might be achieved with treatment by cytoreductive surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang-Chi Huang
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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13
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Primary malignant mixed müllerian tumor of the ovary. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2010; 49:87-90. [PMID: 20466300 DOI: 10.1016/s1028-4559(10)60016-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To present a case of malignant mixed müllerian tumor of the ovary, a rare and aggressive ovarian malignant tumor with poor prognosis. CASE REPORT A 52-year-old woman consulted our outpatient department with complaints of abdominal distention and a firm palpable mass over her lower abdomen. Physical examination and computerized tomography revealed cystic mass lesions on the bilateral adnexal areas. Ovarian cancer was suspected, so the patient underwent exploratory laparotomy. Optimal debulking surgery was performed, and final pathology revealed malignant mixed müllerian tumor of the ovary. Chemotherapy using ifosfamide and cisplatin were administered postoperatively, and adjuvant was also administered. After six cycles of chemotherapy, the patient is well with no signs of recurrence. CONCLUSION Ovarian malignant mixed müllerian tumor usually yields poor outcomes; hence, aggressive treatment with optimal debulking surgery followed by combination chemotherapy using ifosfamide and cisplatin may improve patient outcomes.
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Hypermethylation of SOX2 Promoter in Endometrial Carcinogenesis. Obstet Gynecol Int 2010; 2010. [PMID: 20814443 PMCID: PMC2929617 DOI: 10.1155/2010/682504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2009] [Revised: 06/04/2010] [Accepted: 07/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper aimed at investigating the expression and methylation profiles of SOX2, a gene coding for the stem cell-related transcription factor SOX2, in endometrial carcinomas. By methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MS-PCR), the methylation status of SOX2 promoter region in 72 endometrial carcinomas and 12 normal endometrial samples was examined. Methylated allele was found in 37.5% (27/72) of endometrial carcinomas but only in 8.3% (1/12) of normal endometrial, significantly more frequent in cancers (P = .0472). SOX2 mRNA level was significantly reduced in endometrial carcinoma compared with nonneoplastic endometrium (P = .045). A significant correlation between SOX2 mRNA expression and hypermethylation of SOX2 was found (P = .024). Hypermethylation of SOX2 tended to be more frequently found in type II serous or clear cell adenocarcinoma. SOX2 methylation was also significantly correlated with shorter survival of patients (P = .046). In conclusion, epigenetic mechanisms may play a crucial role on the transcriptional regulation of SOX2 and loss of SOX2 expression may be related to endometrial carcinogenesis.
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15
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Malignant mixed müllerian tumor of the fallopian tube: report of two cases and review of literature. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2009; 281:1023-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00404-009-1331-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2009] [Accepted: 12/07/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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Khanna SB, Dash K, Arora DS. Malignant Mixed Mullerian Tumor – Case Reports and Review Article. APOLLO MEDICINE 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0976-0016(11)60532-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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17
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Ko ML, Jeng CJ, Huang SH, Shen J, Tzeng CR, Chen SC. Primary peritoneal carcinosarcoma (malignant mixed mullerian tumor): Report of a case with five-year disease free survival after surgery and chemoradiation and a review of literature. Acta Oncol 2009; 44:756-60. [PMID: 16227168 DOI: 10.1080/02841860500252016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Malignant mixed mullerian tumors (MMMTs), also known as carcinosarcoma because they contain both carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements are aggressive tumors, which usually arise in the uterus and ovary. Extragenital carcinosarcomas are extremely rare and most cases develop from the peritoneum. To our knowledge, only 29 cases have been described in English literature. Here we report a case of a primary carcinosarcoma of the pelvic peritoneum with five-year disease-free survival after managing the patient with surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma-Lee Ko
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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18
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Gong J, Yu X, Xu J, Wang X. CT imaging of a primary malignant mixed mullerian tumor arising from the peritoneum. Clin Imaging 2008; 32:390-2. [PMID: 18760728 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2007.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2007] [Accepted: 11/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Primary peritoneal malignant mixed mullerian tumors are very rare. We report the case of a patient presenting with pain in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen and in whom the physical examination demonstrated a peritoneal mass. Computed tomography (CT) confirmed the presence of a mass, with invasion of adjacent organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshan Gong
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen People's Hospital- Second Clinical College, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 1017 Dongmenbeilu, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong Province, China.
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19
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Kataoka TR, Shinoda H, Yanagawa M, Kamiura S, Nishizawa Y, Hongyo T. Heterologous carcinosarcoma of Douglas' pouch with adenocarcinomas of the fallopian tube and the peritoneal cavity. Pathology 2008; 40:641-5. [PMID: 18752138 DOI: 10.1080/00313020802320721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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20
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Zhang C, Li XP, Cui H, Shen DH, Wei LH. Advanced primary peritoneal carcinoma: clinicopathological and prognostic factor analyses. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2008; 9:435-40. [PMID: 18543395 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b0820051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the factors favoring a positive prognosis for advanced primary peritoneal carcinoma (PPC). METHODS Twenty-four cases meeting the criteria for PPC were analyzed retrospectively for the clinicopathologic profiles. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the expressions of p53, Top2alpha, Ki-67 and Her-2/neu. Then all these clinicopathological factors and molecular markers were correlated with the prognosis. RESULTS There were 15 cases of primary peritoneal serous papillary carcinoma (PPSPC), 6 cases of mixed epithelial carcinoma (MEC) and 3 cases of malignant mixed Mullerian tumor (MMMT). All patients underwent cytoreductive surgery with optimal debulking achieved in 3 cases. Among those receiving first-line chemotherapy, 13 patients received the TP regimen (paclitaxel-cisplatin or carboplatin) and 7 patients received the PAC regimen (cisplatin-doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide). The median overall survival of all patients was 42 months, while the breakdown for survival time for patients with PPSPC, MMT and MEC was 44, 13 and 19 months, respectively. The expressions of p53, Top2alpha and Ki-67 were all demonstrated in 11 cases respectively. None showed the expression of Her-2/neu. There were significant differences in the median survival between patients with PPSPC and those with MMMT (44 months vs 13 months, P<0.05), also between patients receiving TP combination and those receiving the PAC regimen (75 months vs 28 months, P<0.05). Another significant difference in the median progression-free survival (PFS) was identified between patients with positive p53 immunostaining and those with negative p53 immunostaining (15 months vs 47 months, P<0.05), whereas age, menopausal status, residual tumor size and the other molecular factors did not significantly impact survival. CONCLUSION Patients with PPC should be treated with a comprehensive management plan including appropriate cytoreductive surgery and responsive chemotherapy. Overestimating an optimal debulking surgery may not benefit survival. The pathologic subtype, chemotherapy regimen and p53 overexpression were significant prognostic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Gynecological Oncology Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
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Mikami M, Kuwabara Y, Tanaka K, Komiyama S, Ishikawa M, Hirose T. Malignant mixed mullerian tumor of primary mesenteric origin. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2005; 15:1249-53. [PMID: 16343225 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1438.2005.00192.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant mixed müllerian tumor (MMMT) is a rare tumor. A literature search revealed very few reports on MMMT, especially those arising in the peritoneum. We recently encountered an MMMT of primary mesenteric origin associated with left fallopian tube cancer. There have been no previous reports about its occurrence in the mesentery. When cases of peritoneal MMMT were reviewed, the disease was found to be associated with synchronous or metachronous gynecologic tumors of müllerian duct origin (ie, ovarian tumors, primary serous carcinoma of the peritoneum, fallopian tube cancer, endometrial cancer, and adenocarcinoma of the cervix) in 12 out of 32 patients (37.5%). Peritoneal MMMT are frequently associated with gynecologic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mikami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Saitama Hospital, Wako, Saitama, Japan.
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22
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Humble S, Carter E. Pathologic quiz case: a right adnexal mass in a postmenopausal patient. Malignant mixed müllerian tumor with heterologous elements arising in the fallopian tube. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2004; 128:e161-2. [PMID: 15504082 DOI: 10.5858/2004-128-e161-pqcara] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott Humble
- Department of Pathology, American Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC, USA
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23
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Casey MJ, Bewtra C. Peritoneal carcinoma in women with genetic susceptibility: implications for Jewish populations. Fam Cancer 2004; 3:265-81. [PMID: 15516851 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-004-9554-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Women from families with multiple cases of breast and ovarian cancer, specifically those who carry cancer-associated mutations of BRCA1 or BRCA2 are at increased life-time risk for peritoneal carcinoma, even after previous surgery to remove the ovaries, fallopian tubes and uterus. Hereditary breast-ovarian cancer (HBOC) syndrome and the associated BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations are particularly prevalent in women of Jewish lineage, and specific BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutations have been linked with peritoneal carcinoma and HBOC syndrome in Jewish populations, especially those of Ashkenazi descent. This review presents the currently available data and looks forward toward further and better understanding of peritoneal carcinoma in women with inherited susceptibility. Over 90% of peritoneal cancer in patients from HBOC syndrome kindreds and associated with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations are serous carcinomas, which is equivalent with the proportion of ovarian cancers that are serous carcinomas in similar patients. The best indications are that while many peritoneal carcinomas in genetically susceptible women may arise directly from malignant transformation of the peritoneum, others might represent metastases from primary ovarian or fallopian tube carcinomas. Although the incidence of borderline ovarian tumors may not be increased in HBOC syndrome kindreds and those who carry cancer-associated BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations, these individuals could be susceptible to malignant transformation of borderline lesions of the ovaries and peritoneum. Moreover, recent reports raise the question of possibly increased risk in Jewish carriers of germline BRCA1 mutations for uterine papillary serous carcinoma, which could be the source of metastasis to the peritoneum in some cases. The penetrance of cancer-associated BRCA1 mutations for ovarian cancer is estimated to be 11%-54%, and for BRCA2 mutations the penetrance for ovarian cancer is 11%-23%. So far, available screening methods appear to be insufficient for early detection of many ovarian cancers. Prophylactic oophorectomy has been found to reduce the risk for ovarian cancer in women from HBOC kindreds and those who carry cancer-associated BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations, leaving a residual risk for peritoneal carcinomatosis of well less than 5%. Therefore, surgical removal of the ovaries, fallopian tubes and uterus, after child-bearing has been completed and by early in the fifth decade of life, are appropriate prophylactic procedures in women whose genetic susceptibility puts them at increased risk for cancers of mullerian tract origin, including ovarian and fallopian tube carcinomas and possibly serous carcinoma of the uterus. Hysterectomy, as well as salpingo-oophorectomy, removes the gynecologic organs targeted for malignant transformation in genetically susceptible women and simplifies decisions regarding hormone replacement therapy and chemical prophylaxis and treatment of breast cancer. Unless a transabdominal operative approach is otherwise indicated, laparoscopic-assisted transvaginal techniques are well suited for intra-abdominal exploration, cytology, biopsies and prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy and hysterectomy in women with hereditary susceptibility to gynecologic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murray Joseph Casey
- Department of Obsterics and Gynecology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68131, USA.
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Kokenyesi R, Murray KP, Benshushan A, Huntley ED, Kao MS. Invasion of interstitial matrix by a novel cell line from primary peritoneal carcinosarcoma, and by established ovarian carcinoma cell lines: role of cell-matrix adhesion molecules, proteinases, and E-cadherin expression. Gynecol Oncol 2003; 89:60-72. [PMID: 12694655 DOI: 10.1016/s0090-8258(02)00152-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Primary peritoneal carcinosarcomas are similar to ovarian carcinomas in that they can metastasize by intraperitoneal dissemination; therefore, invasion of the submesothelial interstitial (stromal) matrix is an integral part of the pathology. Our objective was to study cell-matrix interactions that may influence invasive behavior of a novel, primary peritoneal carcinosarcoma cell line (PC880), and to assess how these cell-matrix interactions are different from frequently studied cultured ovarian carcinoma cells NIH:OVCAR-3, SKOV-3, and ES-2. We also wanted to determine how the expression of the cell-cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin is related to invasive behavior. METHODS The PC880 cell line was established from ascites fluid of a patient diagnosed with primary peritoneal carcinosarcoma. Adhesion assays were done in titer plates coated with individual matrix components. Cell migration in monolayer cultures was assessed by the scratch wound assay method. Invasion assays were done using a three-dimensional type I collagen gel. Cytokeratin, vimentin, and E-cadherin were detected by Western blotting. E-cadherin mRNA was detected by RT-PCR. RESULTS PC880 cells adhered well to fibronectin, laminin, and vitronectin in an integrin-dependent manner. The cells also adhered to type I collagen and invaded a three-dimensional type I collagen matrix. The invasiveness of the PC880 cells was moderated by pretreatment of the collagen matrix with heparin or chondroitin sulfate (82 and 63% of control invasiveness, respectively), indicating a role of cell surface proteoglycans in promoting invasive phenotype. Treatment of PC880 cells with sodium chlorate also decreased invasiveness (80% of control), further confirming the role of cell surface proteoglycans. Treatment of PC880 cells with function-blocking antibody to alpha2 integrin decreased invasiveness (57% of control), indicating the role of integrins in promoting the invasive phenotype. The protease inhibitors GM6001, E-64, and AEBSF decreased invasiveness (35, 57, and 37% of control, respectively) of PC880 cells. The ES-2 cells also adhered to type I collagen, and invaded the three-dimensional type I collagen matrix; however, inhibitors such as heparin, chondroitin sulfate, function-blocking antibody to alpha2 integrin, E-64, and AEBSF were less effective in moderating the invasiveness. Inhibition of invasiveness with sodium chlorate was the same as in PC880 cell, while GM6001 did not inhibit invasiveness at all. The NIH:OVCAR-3 and SK-OV-3 cells were previously found to adhere to type I collagen, but these cells did not invade the three-dimensional type I collagen matrix. In a monolayer culture PC880 and ES-2 cells had significantly higher motility than NIH:OVCAR-3 and SK-OV-3 cells. Only these noninvasive cell lines expressed E-cadherin protein or mRNA. CONCLUSIONS PC880 is the first cell line established from primary peritoneal carcinosarcoma, and the cytoskeletal composition indicated that these cells represent the sarcomatous elements of the tumor. PC880 cells, similar to ES-2 cells, adhered to type I collagen, and invaded a three-dimensional collagen matrix. The invasion of the interstitial matrix by both the peritoneal carcinosarcoma and the ovarian carcinoma cell line was mediated by cell surface proteoglycans, alpha2 integrin, and proteases. The invasive cell behavior of PC880 and ES-2 cells correlated with a high degree of motility, and with the lack of expression of the cell-cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Kokenyesi
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO 63117, USA. kokenyr@slucare l.sluh.edu
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Gourley C, Al-Nafussi A, Abdulkader M, Smyth JF, Gabra H. Malignant mixed mesodermal tumours: biology and clinical aspects. Eur J Cancer 2002; 38:1437-46. [PMID: 12110488 DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(02)00114-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mixed mesodermal tumours (MMTs) are relatively rare gynaecological tumours that have been poorly studied in clinical and molecular terms. They are chemosensitive (at least initially), although ultimately they have a poor prognosis. The biology of the tumour is fascinating in view of its composition of both epithelial and mesenchymal entities. We review herein the literature on the clinical and biological aspects of this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gourley
- ICRF Medical Oncology Unit, MRC Building, Western General Hospital, EH4 2XU, Edinburgh, UK.
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