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Nucleolus structural integrity during the first meiotic prophase in rat spermatocytes. Exp Cell Res 2019; 383:111587. [PMID: 31454492 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A typical nucleolus structure is shaped by three components. A meshwork of fine fibers forming the fibrillar center (FC) is surrounded by densely packed fibers forming the dense fibrillar component (DFC). Meanwhile, wrapping the FC and DFC is the granular component (GC). During the mitotic prophase, the nucleolus undergoes disassembling of its components. On the contrary, throughout the first meiotic prophase that occurs in the cells of the germ line, small nucleoli are assembled into one nucleolus by the end of the prophase. These nucleoli are transcriptionally active, suggesting that they are fully functional. Electron microscopy analysis has suggested that these nucleoli display their three main components but a typical organization has not been observed. Here, by immunolabeling and electron microscopy, we show that the nucleolus has its three main components. The GC is interlaced with the DFC and is not as well defined as previously thought during leptotene and zygotene stage.
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Petrović A, Petrović V, Jovanović D, Antović A, Milić M, Kocić H. LIGHT - MICROSCOPIC AND MORP HOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF ARGYROPHILIC NUCLEOL AR ORGANIZING REGION S IN DEEP EPIDERMAL RIDGES OF HUMAN THICK SKIN. ACTA MEDICA MEDIANAE 2018. [DOI: 10.5633/amm.2018.0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Kobyakov DS, Avdalyan AM, Lazarev AF, Lushnikova EL, Nepomnyashchikh LM. Argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region in MIB-1 positive cells in non-small cell lung cancer: clinicopathological significance and survival. Cancer Biol Med 2015; 11:264-9. [PMID: 25610712 PMCID: PMC4296087 DOI: 10.7497/j.issn.2095-3941.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the relation between argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR)-associated proteins and clinicopathological parameters and survival in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods A total of 207 surgical specimens diagnosed as NSCLC were included in this study. Double-staining procedures were performed using antigen Ki-67 (clone MIB-1) and silver nitrate by immunohistochemical and AgNOR-staining methods. Results The AgNOR area in MIB-1-positive cells of NSCLC is related to clinicopathological parameters under the TNM (tumor, node, and metastasis) system. The survival of patients with small AgNOR area in MIB-1-positive cells is better than that of patients with large AgNOR area. Molecular, biological (AgNOR area in MIB-1-positive cells), and clinicopathological (greatest tumor dimension, metastases to regional lymph nodes, histology, and differentiation) parameters are independent prognostic factors of NSCLC. Conclusion The AgNOR area in MIB-1-positive cells is related to clinicopathological parameters and survival in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy Sergeevich Kobyakov
- 1 Budget Institution, Kogalym City Hospital, Kogalym 628484, Russia ; 2 Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics of Altai Branch of Russian N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Barnaul 656049, Russia ; 3 Federal State Budget Institution Research Institute of Regional Pathology and Pathomorphology of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia
| | - Ashot Merudzhanovich Avdalyan
- 1 Budget Institution, Kogalym City Hospital, Kogalym 628484, Russia ; 2 Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics of Altai Branch of Russian N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Barnaul 656049, Russia ; 3 Federal State Budget Institution Research Institute of Regional Pathology and Pathomorphology of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia
| | - Aleksandr Fedorovich Lazarev
- 1 Budget Institution, Kogalym City Hospital, Kogalym 628484, Russia ; 2 Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics of Altai Branch of Russian N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Barnaul 656049, Russia ; 3 Federal State Budget Institution Research Institute of Regional Pathology and Pathomorphology of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia
| | - Elena Leonidovna Lushnikova
- 1 Budget Institution, Kogalym City Hospital, Kogalym 628484, Russia ; 2 Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics of Altai Branch of Russian N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Barnaul 656049, Russia ; 3 Federal State Budget Institution Research Institute of Regional Pathology and Pathomorphology of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia
| | - Lev Moiseevich Nepomnyashchikh
- 1 Budget Institution, Kogalym City Hospital, Kogalym 628484, Russia ; 2 Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics of Altai Branch of Russian N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Barnaul 656049, Russia ; 3 Federal State Budget Institution Research Institute of Regional Pathology and Pathomorphology of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia
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Relationship of argyrophilic proteins of nucleolal organizer regions in Ki-67+ cells with clinical and morphological parameters in lung adenocarcinoma. Bull Exp Biol Med 2014; 158:145-9. [PMID: 25408525 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-014-2710-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Ninety-four lung adenocarcinoma samples obtained during surgeries were examined using a combination of immunohistochemical staining for Ki-67 antigen and silver nitrate staining for argyrophilic nucleolar organizer (Ag-NOR) proteins. In lung adenocarcinoma, we studied the correlation between the area of Ag-NOR proteins in Ki-67(+) cells and clinical and morphological TNM parameters: maximum tumor diameter (T) and stage of the disease and tumor differentiation degree (N). Survival of patients with small area of Ag-NOR proteins in Ki-67(+) cells was higher that in patients with great area of these proteins. The area of Ag-NOR proteins in Ki-67(+) cells is an independent prognostic factor in lung adenocarcinoma. The area of Ag-NOR proteins in Ki-67(+) cells correlates with clinical and morphological TNM parameters and survival of patients with lung adenocarcinoma.
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Kobyakov DS, Klimachev VV, Avdalyan AM, Bobrov IP, Bychkova EY, Kruglova NM, Lazarev AF, Lushnikova EL, Nepomnyashchikh LM. Argyrophilic proteins of nucleolar organizer regions and proliferative activity of cells in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. Bull Exp Biol Med 2014; 157:677-82. [PMID: 25257439 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-014-2642-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Argyrophilic proteins associated with nucleolar organizer regions (Ag-NOR proteins) and Ki-67 antigen were analyzed in 118 samples of squamous cell carcinoma of the lungs. Tumors with low and high content of Ag-NOR proteins and Ki-67 index were selected. It was found that the content of Ag-NOR proteins correlated with some clinical and morphological parameters (indexes T and N, tumor size less and more that 3 cm, stage of the disease, and tumor differentiation degree) and survival rate. High survival was associated with low content of Ag-NOR proteins and Ki-67 index and low survival correlated with high content of Ag-NOR proteins and Ki-67 index, while intermediate survival was associated with opposite values of Ag-NOR protein content and Ki-67 index. The tumor size, parameter N, and the content of Ag-NOR proteins had independent effects on patient's survival. In patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung without metastases in lymph nodes, survival correlated with the content of Ag-NOR proteins; in patients without metastases, survival correlated with tumor size.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Kobyakov
- Altai Branch of N. N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Barnaul, Russia,
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Long-Term Treatment with Aqueous Garlic and/or Tomato Suspensions Decreases Ehrlich Ascites Tumors. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:381649. [PMID: 25093026 PMCID: PMC4100256 DOI: 10.1155/2014/381649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Revised: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the preventive and therapeutic effects of aqueous suspensions of garlic, tomato, and garlic + tomato in the development of experimental Ehrlich tumors in mice. The aqueous suspensions (2%) were administered over a short term for 30 days before tumor inoculation and 12 days afterward, and suspensions at 6% were administered for 180 days before inoculation and for 12 days afterward. The volume, number, and characteristics of the tumor cells and AgNOR counts were determined to compare the different treatments. Aqueous 6% suspensions of garlic, tomato, and garlic + tomato given over the long term significantly reduced tumor growth but when given over the short term, they did not alter tumor growth.
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Association between Argyrophilic Proteins of Nucleolar Organizer Regions, Clinicomorphological Parameters, and Survival in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. LUNG CANCER INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:891917. [PMID: 26316948 PMCID: PMC4437406 DOI: 10.1155/2014/891917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We studied argyrophilic proteins associated with nucleolar organizer regions (AgNOR) in non-small-cell cancer. We determined the area index (AI) and coefficient of variation (CV) of AgNOR. AI is associated with the key clinicomorphological parameters within the TNM system: T and N values, greatest tumor dimension up to 3 cm and more, disease stage, histogenesis, and tumor differentiation. CV is associated with T value, greatest tumor dimension up to 3 cm and more, histogenesis, and tumor differentiation. Survival of patients is longer in low AI or CV values versus high AI or CV values, longer in low AI and CV values (−AI/−CV type), shorter in high AI and CV values (+AI/+CV type), and intermediate in opposite AI and CV values (−AI/+CV and +AI/−CV types). Independent predictors in non-small-cell lung cancer include N value, greatest tumor dimension, histogenesis, and CV. Assessment of quantitative values and heterogeneity of AgNOR is important for differential diagnosis and prognosis of non-small-cell lung cancer.
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Relationship between the argyrophilic proteins of the nucleolar organizer region and stage of squamous-cell carcinoma of the lung. Bull Exp Biol Med 2013; 156:81-5. [PMID: 24319736 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-013-2283-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Argyrophilic proteins associated with chromosome nucleolar organizer regions (Ag-NOR proteins) were studied in lung squamous-cell carcinoma cells. After routine staining with silver nitrate, the area index and coefficient of variations of Ag-NOR protein were estimated by computer-aided image analysis. The Ag-NOR protein area indexes of tumor cells differed in clinical morphological variants of squamous-cell cancer (differing by T and N parameters, size of the primary node <3 cm or larger, by disease stage, and differentiation degree). Ag-NOR protein variation coefficient can be used for discriminating the tumors by size (<3 cm and larger), presence/absence of metastases, and evaluation of squamous-cell cancer differentiation degree. Ag-NOR protein area index and variation coefficient can be used as additional objective differential diagnostic criteria of clinical and morphological forms of squamous-cell carcinoma of the lung.
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Significance of AgNORs and Ki-67 Proliferative Markers in Differential Diagnosis of Thyroid Lesions. Pathol Oncol Res 2012; 19:167-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-012-9565-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Prognostic Value of Microvessel Density in Tumor and Peritumoral Area as Evaluated by CD31 Protein Expression and Argyrophilic Nucleolar Organizer Region Count in Endothelial Cells in Uterine Leiomyosarcoma. Sarcoma 2012; 2012:594512. [PMID: 22910809 PMCID: PMC3403075 DOI: 10.1155/2012/594512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2012] [Revised: 05/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of microvessel density (MVD) in uterine leiomyosarcoma (LMS) and peritumoral area (PA) as evaluated by CD31 expression and argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) count in endothelial cells. Tissue specimens from 66 patients with uterine LMS were examined. There were no significant differences in the mean MVD between tumor itself and the PA (P = 0.9); moreover, the MVD in the PA often exceeded that in the tumor. No correlation or significant differences were also found in the MVD between different grades of malignancy of LMS (r = 0.1; P = 0.07). The number of AgNORs in tumor endothelial cells was significantly higher in tumor vessels than in the peritumoral area (P < 0.005) and increased with the tumor grade. Analysis of the prognostic value of MVD in uterine LMS and PA showed that the density of tumor vessels was not an independent criterion, while the MVD in the PA affected 10-year survival to a significantly greater extent (χ2 = 27.5; P = 0.0003). The number of AgNORs also had an important effect on survival of LMS patients: when the threshold of 11.6 granules was exceeded, prognosis was significantly more unfavorable than that prior to exceeding the threshold.
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Ferreira E, da Silva AE, Serakides R, Gomes MG, Cassali GD. Ehrlich tumor as model to study artificial hyperthyroidism influence on breast cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2006; 203:39-44. [PMID: 17137730 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2006.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2006] [Accepted: 09/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study used Ehrlich solid tumor as an experimental model for breast cancer to investigate the effects of thyroid hormones and castration on tumor development in adult female mice. Artificial hyperthyroidism was induced in animals, and after a 30-day-treatment, they received subcutaneous injection of neoplastic cells between left plantar cushions. We measured the growth of tumor inoculated in the paws for 10 days at necropsy. Hyperthyroidism induction led to significantly increased tumor size in non-castrated animals, and alterations were less intense in association with artificial hyperthyroidism and castration (p<0.05). Histomorphologic and histomorphometric analyses and neoplastic cell characterization were carried out by measuring nuclear diameter, by evaluating AgNORs, by mitotic count, and by measuring cell proliferation using immunohistochemical marker CDC47. At the end of the experiment, we noted metabolism and a decrease in cell proliferation in groups having received l-thyroxine, which were more evident in the non-castrated group (p<0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Enio Ferreira
- Laboratório de Patologia Comparada, Departamento de Patologia Geral, ICB/UFMG, Caixa Postal 486, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Karalyan ZA, Djaghatspanyan NG, Gasparyan MH, Hakobyan LA, Abroyan LO, Magakyan YH, Ter-Pogossyan ZR, Kamalyan LA, Karalova EM. Morphometry of nuclear and nucleolar structures in a CaCo-2 cell line. Cell Biol Int 2005; 28:249-53. [PMID: 15109980 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellbi.2004.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2003] [Revised: 12/08/2003] [Accepted: 01/20/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The number of the nucleoli in a CaCo-2 cell nucleus does not generally depend on the quantity of DNA in the nucleus, but nucleolar DNA content is directly proportional to total nuclear DNA. However, in multinucleolar cells (three or more nucleoli), the nucleolar DNA content increases after 96 h incubation in culture without concomitant quantitative changes in nuclear DNA. The percentage of multinucleolar cells and the average number of nucleoli per nucleus increase with increasing incubation time. After 72 and 96 h in culture, multinucleolar cells show distinctive morphologies. The ratio of the sum of nucleolar perimeters to the nuclear perimeter increases linearly when the number of nucleoli in a nucleus increases, but there is no concomitant increase in total nucleolar area or DNA content, except in the 72 and 96 h populations. When the number of nucleoli in CaCo-2 cells increases after 48 and 60 h in culture, the amount of DNA per nucleolus decreases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z A Karalyan
- Laboratory of Virology of Cancer Research Center, Yerevan, Armenia.
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Li LXL, Crotty KA, Scolyer RA, Thompson JF, Kril JJ, Palmer AA, McCarthy SW. Use of multiple cytometric markers improves discrimination between benign and malignant melanocytic lesions. Melanoma Res 2003; 13:581-6. [PMID: 14646621 DOI: 10.1097/00008390-200312000-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Confident separation of benign naevi and malignant melanoma can sometimes be very difficult using conventional microscopy. This study evaluated the combined diagnostic abilities of multiple cytometric markers in separating various types of naevi from melanomas. The lesions studied included 27 benign compound naevi, 20 dysplastic naevi, 10 Spitz naevi and 24 melanomas. The cytometric features investigated were: (i) nuclear DNA content and chromatin compactness, measured by video imaged DNA microdensitometry; (ii) nuclear morphology, measured by nuclear morphometry (karyometry); (iii) transcriptional activity of nucleolar organizer regions, measured as the number and size of argyrophilic staining of nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs); and (iv) cellular proliferative activity detected by quantifying the immunoreactivity of MIB1-Ki67 antigen. These variables were evaluated in the superficial, middle and deep zones of each lesion. Using multivariate discriminant analysis, a total diagnostic effectiveness of 97% could be achieved in separating the benign and malignant melanocytic lesions by co-evaluating variables for DNA microdensitometry, karyometry and AgNORs. A diagnostic effectiveness of 100% could be achieved if further co-evaluation with MIB1-Ki67 immunoreactivity was performed. Our study suggests that co-evaluation of multiple cytometric markers can improve the diagnostic abilities of individual techniques in separating benign naevi from malignant melanomas. This may be of particular significance in the diagnosis of melanocytic lesions whose biological behaviour cannot be confidently predicted by their histological features using conventional microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Xi L Li
- Melanoma and Skin Cancer Research Institute, Sydney Melanoma Unit and Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
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Li LXL, Crotty KA, Palmer AA, Kril JJ, Scolyer RA, Thompson JF, McCarthy SW. Argyrophilic staining of nucleolar organizer region count and morphometry in benign and malignant melanocytic lesions. Am J Dermatopathol 2003; 25:190-7. [PMID: 12775980 DOI: 10.1097/00000372-200306000-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Differentiation between malignant melanomas (MMs) and benign nevi based on histologic features can sometimes be difficult. This study evaluated the diagnostic effectiveness of argyrophilic staining of nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) in separating benign nevi from MMs by assessing 27 compound nevi (CN), 20 dysplastic nevi (DN), 10 Spitz nevi (SN), and 24 MMs. Both AgNOR count and morphology variables were measured from the superficial, middle, and deep zones of the lesions using video image analysis. Malignant melanomas had a significantly greater AgNOR number per nucleus, mean AgNOR area per nucleus, and variation in AgNOR area per nucleus compared with all types of benign nevi (p < 0.05). In multivariate discriminant analysis using a combination of four AgNOR counts and morphometric parameters, all CN and DN, 8 of 10 SN, and 23 of 24 MMs could be correctly classified as benign or malignant. The results suggest that both AgNOR count and morphology help to separate benign and malignant melanocytic lesions and that the combination of both sets of parameters improves their discriminating ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Xi L Li
- Melanoma and Skin Cancer Research Institute, Sydney Melanoma Unit, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia.
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Oliveira GB, Pereira FG, Metze K, Lorand-Metze I. Spontaneous apoptosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and its relationship to clinical and cell kinetic parameters. CYTOMETRY 2001; 46:329-35. [PMID: 11754201 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.10031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) presents considerable variability in clinical presentation as well as in its evolution. In contrast to the inhibition of apoptosis in vivo, spontaneous apoptosis after short-term culture occurs. We studied the degree of this apoptosis in vitro, and its interactions with several clinical and laboratory parameters. Apoptosis was measured by the annexin V technique. Proliferation rate was evaluated by the AgNOR (nucleolar organizer regions) technique. There were inverse correlations between the percentage of annexin V-positive cells and peripheral lymphocyte count (r = - 0.49), Rai stage (r = - 0.40), Binet stage (r = - 0.50), TTM (total tumor mass score; r = - 0.51), and percentage of cells with one AgNOR cluster (r = - 0.45). Direct correlations were found with hemoglobin values ( r = 0.34) and platelet counts (r = 0.52). The number of CD8-positive cells showed a correlation with peripheral lymphocyte count (r = 0.49). When this variable was held constant, a correlation was detected between CD8-positive cells and staging (r = -0.47), TTM (r = - 0.42), and platelet count (r = 0.67). CD4-positive lymphocytes presented a correlation only with CD8-positive lymphocytes. In a cluster analysis, it was possible to create three groups of patients with different apoptosis rates using the TTM and AgNOR values. We conclude that, with the progression of the disease, together with the increase of tumor mass and proliferation rate, there is a decrease in the susceptibility to apoptosis.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Annexin A5/analysis
- Apoptosis
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Cell Cycle
- Female
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/blood
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphocyte Count
- Lymphocytes/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Staging
- Nucleolus Organizer Region
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Affiliation(s)
- G B Oliveira
- Hematology-Hemotherapy Center, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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