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Ultrasonic Pulsating Water Jet Peening: Influence of Pressure and Pattern Strategy. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14206019. [PMID: 34683622 PMCID: PMC8537832 DOI: 10.3390/ma14206019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Peening techniques are nowadays attracting more research attention due to their association with the extending of the service life and improving surface texture of engineering components. Ultrasonic pulsating water jet peening represents a new way of mechanical surface treatment. Accelerated water droplets via hammer effect cause small elastic-plastic deformations on the surface. This work deals with peening of aluminum alloy using an ultrasonic pulsating water jet, where periodically acting water droplets were used as the peening medium. The aim of the work was the feasibility study of the peening process and to observe the effects of pressure (p = 10, 20 and 30 MPa) and pattern trajectory (linear hatch and cross hatch). The peened surfaces were analyzed by the surface roughness profile parameters Ra and Rz and the microhardness along the peening axis into the material. Graphically processed results show a clear increase of measured values with increasing pressure (p = 10, 20 and 30 MPa), where the roughness values ranged from 1.89 µm to 4.11 µm, and the microhardness values ranged from 43.3 HV0.005 to 47 HV0.005, as compared to 40.3 HV0.005 obtained for the untreated sample. The achieved results indicate potential using of an ultrasonic pulsating water jet as a new method of surface treatment of metals. By controlled distribution of water droplets, it is possible to achieve a local distribution of surface roughness, and at the same time, strengthening of the subsurface layers in the material without thermal influence on the material.
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Boonrawd W, Awad KR, Varanasi V, Meletis EI. Wettability and in-vitro study of titanium surface profiling prepared by electrolytic plasma processing. SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY 2021; 414:127119. [PMID: 34966191 PMCID: PMC8713727 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electrolytic plasma processing (EPP) was used to create hydrophilic surface profiles on titanium. The wettability, surface morphology characteristics and chemical composition of the treated samples were studied as a function of EPP processing parameters. The EPP profiled surfaces comprised of a characteristic "hills and valleys" morphology because of continuous surface melting and freezing cycles. A bimodal surface profile was produced with 2-3 μm height hills and valleys with nano-roughness (≤200 nm). The produced profile resulted in a significant contact angle decrease (from 38.7° to 5.4°). Ratios of actual surface area to projection area (r) and fraction of solid surface remaining dry (φ) were obtained from profilometry. The surface characteristics and large r values produced by EPP were able to induce hemi-wicking. Hence, EPP produced superhydrophilic surfaces on Ti. The bioactivity of EPP treated Ti was evaluated using cell free and MC3T3 cells in-vitro studies. The treated Ti surface significantly increased the bioactivity and formed stoichiometric hydroxyapatite after immersion in a bone cell culture medium for 21 days. Cells' attachment and proliferation studies indicated that EPP treated surface significantly enhances the cells' adhesion and growth after 24 and 48 h compared to the untreated surface. The results show that Ti surface profiling by EPP constitutes a promising method to potentially improve bone implant bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wisanu Boonrawd
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Kamal R. Awad
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
- Bone Muscle Research Center, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Venu Varanasi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
- Bone Muscle Research Center, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Efstathios I. Meletis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
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Xie J, Chen P, Rittel D. Finite element modeling of multiple water droplets impact onto a rough surface: Re-assessing Sa and surface wavelength. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 110:103816. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Ding X, Kang Y, Li D, Wang X, Zeng D. Experimental Investigation on Surface Quality Processed by Self-Excited Oscillation Pulsed Waterjet Peening. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10090989. [PMID: 28841184 PMCID: PMC5615644 DOI: 10.3390/ma10090989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
High-speed waterjet peening technology has attracted a lot of interest and is now being widely studied due to its great ability to strengthen metal surfaces. In order to further improve the mechanical properties of metals, self-excited oscillation pulsed waterjets (SOPWs) were used for surface peening with an experimental investigation focused on the surface topography and properties. By impinging the aluminum alloy (5052) specimens with SOPWs issuing from an organ-pipe oscillation nozzle, the hardness and roughness at various inlet pressures and stand-off distances were measured and analyzed, as well as the residual stress. Under the condition of optimum stand-off distances, the microscopic appearances of peened specimens obtained by SEM were displayed and analyzed. Results show that self-excited oscillation pulsed waterjet peening (SOPWP) is capable of improving the surface quality. More specifically, compared with an untreated surface, the hardness and residual stress of the peened surfaces were increased by 61.69% and 148%, respectively. There exists an optimal stand-off distance and operating pressure for creating the highest surface quality. SOPWP can produce almost the same enhancement effect as shot peening and lead to a lower surface roughness. Although such an approach is empirical and qualitative in nature, this procedure also generated information of value in guiding future theoretical and experimental work on the application of SOPWP in the industry practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Ding
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Machinery Transients, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterjet Theory and New Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Yong Kang
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Machinery Transients, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterjet Theory and New Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Geospatial Technology, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Deng Li
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Machinery Transients, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterjet Theory and New Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Xiaochuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Machinery Transients, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterjet Theory and New Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Dongping Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Machinery Transients, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterjet Theory and New Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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On the fatigue behavior of medical Ti6Al4V roughened by grit blasting and abrasiveless waterjet peening. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2016; 63:390-398. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Sonntag R, Reinders J, Gibmeier J, Kretzer JP. Fatigue performance of medical Ti6Al4V alloy after mechanical surface treatments. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121963. [PMID: 25823001 PMCID: PMC4379149 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical surface treatments have a long history in traditional engineering disciplines, such as the automotive or aerospace industries. Today, they are widely applied to metal components to increase the mechanical performance of these. However, their application in the medical field is rather rare. The present study aims to compare the potential of relevant mechanical surface treatments on the high cycle fatigue (R = 0.1 for a maximum of 10 million cycles) performance of a Ti6Al4V standard alloy for orthopedic, spinal, dental and trauma surgical implants: shot peening, deep rolling, ultrasonic shot peening and laser shock peening. Hour-glass shaped Ti6Al4V specimens were treated and analyzed with regard to the material’s microstructure, microhardness, residual stress depth profiles and the mechanical behavior during fatigue testing. All treatments introduced substantial compressive residual stresses and exhibited considerable potential for increasing fatigue performance from 10% to 17.2% after laser shock peening compared to non-treated samples. It is assumed that final mechanical surface treatments may also increase fretting wear resistance in the modular connection of total hip and knee replacements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Sonntag
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Implant Research, Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jörn Reinders
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Implant Research, Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Gibmeier
- Institute of Applied Materials, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J. Philippe Kretzer
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Implant Research, Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Somayaji SN, Huet YM, Gruber HE, Hudson MC. UV-killed Staphylococcus aureus enhances adhesion and differentiation of osteoblasts on bone-associated biomaterials. J Biomed Mater Res A 2011; 95:574-9. [PMID: 20725968 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Titanium alloys (Ti) are the preferred material for orthopedic applications. However, very often, these metallic implants loosen over a long period and mandate revision surgery. For implant success, osteoblasts must adhere to the implant surface and deposit a mineralized extracellular matrix (ECM). Here, we utilized UV-killed Staphylococcus aureus as a novel osteoconductive coating for Ti surfaces. S. aureus expresses surface adhesins capable of binding to bone and biomaterials directly. Furthermore, interaction of S. aureus with osteoblasts activates growth factor-related pathways that potentiate osteogenesis. Although UV-killed S. aureus cells retain their bone-adhesive ability, they do not stimulate significant immune modulator expression. All of the abovementioned properties were utilized for a novel implant coating so as to promote osteoblast recruitment and subsequent cell functions on the bone-implant interface. In this study, osteoblast adhesion, proliferation, and mineralized ECM synthesis were measured on Ti surfaces coated with fibronectin with and without UV-killed bacteria. Osteoblast adhesion was enhanced on Ti alloy surfaces coated with bacteria compared to uncoated surfaces, while cell proliferation was sustained comparably on both surfaces. Osteoblast markers such as collagen, osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase activity, and mineralized nodule formation were increased on Ti alloy coated with bacteria compared to uncoated surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankari N Somayaji
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223-0001, USA.
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