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Wang Z, Li Z, Su T, Han X, Hou Z, Zheng Y, Liu J, Xu J, Yang J, Liu H. BirA*-protein A fusion protein based BioEnhancer amplifies western blot immunosignal. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:793-799. [PMID: 33354816 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Western blot (protein immunoblot) is a widely used analytical technique in molecular biology. Utilizing the specific recognizing primary antibody, proteins immobilized on various matrix are investigated by subsequent visualization steps, for example, by the horse radish peroxidase conjugated secondary antibody incubation. Methods to improve the sensitivity in protein identification or quantification are appreciated by biochemists. Herein, we report a new strategy to amplify Western blot signals by constructing a probe with proximal labeling and IgG targeting abilities. The R118G mutation attenuated the biotin-AMP binding affinity of the bacterial biotin ligase BirA*, offering a proximity-dependent labeling ability, which could be used as a signal amplifier. We built a BirA*-protein A fusion protein (BioEnhancer) that specifically binds to IgG and adds biotin tags to its proximal amine groups, enhancing the immunosignal of target proteins. In our experiments, the BioEnhancer system amplified the immunosignal by tenfold compared to the standard western blot. Additionally, our strategy could couple with other signal enhancement methods to further increase the western blot sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Ziyang Li
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Tian Su
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Han
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Zhanwu Hou
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Yupeng Zheng
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Jiachen Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Jun Xu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Jeffy Yang
- Sulich Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Huadong Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
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Kirkpatrick CJ, Krump-Konvalinkova V, Unger RE, Bittinger F, Otto M, Peters K. Tissue response and biomaterial integration: the efficacy of in vitro methods. BIOMOLECULAR ENGINEERING 2002; 19:211-7. [PMID: 12202185 DOI: 10.1016/s1389-0344(02)00019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Implantation involves tissue trauma, which evokes an inflammatory response, coupled to a wound healing reaction, involving angiogenesis, fibroblast activation and matrix remodelling. Until now the type and extent of such reactions to give optimal integration of various biomaterials are practically unknown. Three principal fields of research can yield useful data to understand these phenomena better: studies on explanted biomaterials, animal models and relevant in vitro techniques. This paper will present examples of the latter field and the application of endothelial cell (EC) culture systems to study the effects of important tissue (e.g. pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines) and material (e.g. metal ions, particulate debris) factors on the regulation of the inflammatory and angiogenic response. A central feature is the use of microvascular endothelial cells (MEC), which can be used in both 2-and 3-dimensional (3-D) assays. We have also used genetic manipulation to develop a permanent MEC line from the human lung (HPMEC-ST1), which is being tested for its suitability to study cell-biomaterial interactions. In addition, suitable in vitro techniques are being developed in order to investigate drug delivery systems (DDS). Of particular interest is the targeting of the central nervous system, our approach being to establish a human model of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). A mainstay of our scientific philosophy is that such in vitro methods can make an important contribution to understanding biological reactions at the tissue-biomaterial interface and thus further a causal approach to tissue engineering (TE) and drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Kirkpatrick
- Institute of Pathology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, D-55101 Mainz, Germany.
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