1
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Zhang L, Zhu Y, Li P, Yang P, Tang B. Nickel-Catalyzed Chemo- and Enantioselective Hydrogenation and Deuteration of α,β-Unsaturated Ketimines Using Alcohols: Synthesis of Deuterated Chiral Allylic Amines. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 38014913 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
A nickel-catalyzed chemoselective asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated ketimines using ethanol as a hydrogen donor under mild conditions that avoid using high-pressure hydrogen gas was developed. With this catalyst, C1-selective deuterated chiral allylic amines were efficiently synthesized using only stoichiometric 2-propanol-d8. Mechanism studies demonstrated the formation of a nickel hydride intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Yuting Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
- State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China
| | - Bo Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
- Laoshan Laboratory, 168 Wenhai Middle Rd, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
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2
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Zhang X, Zhang Q, Li L, Cao S, Liu Z, Zanoni G, Ning Y, Wu Y. Fluorocyclization of Allyl Alcohols and Amines to Access 3-Functionalized Oxetanes and Azetidines. Org Lett 2021; 23:3674-3679. [PMID: 33881893 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An efficient method to prepare 3-functionalized oxetanes and azetidines has been realized by fluorocyclization of readily available 2-azidoallyl/2-alkoxyallyl alcohols and amines. Notably, this is the first example applying the fluorocyclization strategy to construct four-membered heterocycles. The pendant electron-donating group (-N3 or -OR) plays a crucial role in polarizing the C═C double bond and facilitating the cyclization process, as verified by DFT and experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Linxuan Li
- Department of Chemistry Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Shanshan Cao
- Department of Chemistry Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Zhaohong Liu
- Department of Chemistry Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Giuseppe Zanoni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Yongquan Ning
- Department of Chemistry Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yong Wu
- Department of Chemistry Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
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3
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Chaki BM, Takenaka K, Zhu L, Tsujihara T, Takizawa S, Sasai H. Enantioselective One‐pot Synthesis of 3‐Azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes
via
Allylic Substitution and Oxidative Cyclization. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bijan Mohon Chaki
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial ResearchOsaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi Osaka 567-0047 Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Takenaka
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial ResearchOsaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi Osaka 567-0047 Japan
| | - Linpeng Zhu
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial ResearchOsaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi Osaka 567-0047 Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tsujihara
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial ResearchOsaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi Osaka 567-0047 Japan
| | - Shinobu Takizawa
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial ResearchOsaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi Osaka 567-0047 Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sasai
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial ResearchOsaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi Osaka 567-0047 Japan
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4
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Fan A, Chuah GK, Jaenicke S. A novel and environmental friendly synthetic route for hydroxypyrrolidines using zeolites. Carbohydr Res 2019; 472:103-114. [PMID: 30544044 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A critical step in the synthesis of the hydroxypyrrolidines, 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-l-lyxitol and 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-d-lyxitol, from the corresponding d-sugars is the synthesis of O-methyl 2,3-O-isopropylidenepentofuranoses. Instead of applying homogeneous catalysis process with conventional inorganic acid catalysts like HCl and HClO4, it was found that heterogeneous catalysis using zeolites could be used for the one-pot synthesis of O-methyl 2,3-O-isopropylidenepentofuranoses directly from d-sugars, MeOH and acetone at mild condition. The best catalyst was H-beta zeolite containing a Si/Al molar ratio of 150, where a yield of >83% was obtained. The overall yields of the five-step procedure to 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-l-lyxitol and 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-d-lyxitol were 57% and 50%, respectively. This synthetic procedure has several advantages such as competitive overall yield, reduced number of steps, and mild reaction conditions. Furthermore, the zeolite catalyst can be easily recovered from the reaction mixture and reused with no loss of activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore.
| | - G K Chuah
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Stephan Jaenicke
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
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5
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Baumann AN, Eisold M, Music A, Haas G, Kiw YM, Didier D. Methods for the Synthesis of Substituted Azetines. Org Lett 2017; 19:5681-5684. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas N. Baumann
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Eisold
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Arif Music
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Geoffrey Haas
- Pierre and Marie Curie University, 4 place Jussieu, Paris 75252 Cedex 05, France
| | - Yu Min Kiw
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, 11 allée de Beaulieu, Rennes 35708 Cedex 7, France
| | - Dorian Didier
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
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6
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Liu P, Liu ZJ, Wu F. Highly Regio- and Diastereoselective Addition of Organolithium Reagents to Chiral Fluoroalkyl α,β-UnsaturatedN-tert-Butanesulfinyl Ketimines: A General and Efficient Access to α-Tertiary Fluoroalkyl Allylic Amines and α-Fluoroalkyl α-Amino Acids. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201400992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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7
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Miao CB, Dong CP, Zhang M, Ren WL, Meng Q, Sun XQ, Yang HT. Highly Stereoselective, One-Pot Synthesis of Azetidines and 2,4-Dioxo-1,3-diazabicyclo[3.2.0] Compounds Mediated by I2. J Org Chem 2013; 78:4329-40. [DOI: 10.1021/jo400181r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Bao Miao
- School of Petrochemical
Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-Ping Dong
- School of Petrochemical
Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Petrochemical
Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Long Ren
- School of Petrochemical
Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Meng
- School of Petrochemical
Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Sun
- School of Petrochemical
Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai-Tao Yang
- School of Petrochemical
Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, People’s Republic of China
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8
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Egart B, Lentz D, Czekelius C. Diastereoselective Bromocyclization of O-Allyl-N-tosyl-hydroxylamines. J Org Chem 2013; 78:2490-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo3026725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boris Egart
- Institut
für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195
Berlin, Germany
| | - Dieter Lentz
- Institut
für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195
Berlin, Germany
| | - Constantin Czekelius
- Institut
für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195
Berlin, Germany
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9
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Leikoski T, Wrigstedt P, Helminen J, Matikainen J, Sipilä J, Yli-Kauhaluoma J. The Heck reaction of polymer-supported allylamine with aryl iodides. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.10.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Synthesis of new functionalized aziridine-2- and azetidine-3-carboxylic acid derivatives of potential interest for biological and foldameric applications. Amino Acids 2011; 41:541-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-011-0879-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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11
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Falus P, Boros Z, Hornyánszky G, Nagy J, Darvas F, Ürge L, Poppe L. Reductive amination of ketones: novel one-step transfer hydrogenations in batch and continuous-flow mode. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Rai A, Yadav LDS. Strategic applications of Baylis–Hillman adducts to general syntheses of 3-nitroazetidines. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:8058-61. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob06274c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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13
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Liu J, Hu J. Highly diastereoselective synthesis of α-difluoromethyl amines from N-tert-butylsulfinyl ketimines and difluoromethyl phenyl sulfone. Chemistry 2010; 16:11443-54. [PMID: 20725920 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The first highly efficient and stereoselective difluoromethylation of structurally diverse N-tert-butylsulfinyl ketimines has been achieved with an in situ generated PhSO(2)CF(2)(-) anion, which provides a powerful synthetic method for the preparation of a variety of structurally diverse homochiral α-difluoromethyl tertiary carbinamines, including α-difluoromethyl allylic amines and α-difluoromethyl propargylamines. The stereocontrol mode of the present diastereoselective difluoromethylation of ketimines was found to be different from that of other known fluoroalkylations of N-tert-butylsulfinyl aldimines, which suggests that a cyclic six-membered transition state may be involved in the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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14
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Feula A, Male L, Fossey JS. Diastereoselective Preparation of Azetidines and Pyrrolidines. Org Lett 2010; 12:5044-7. [PMID: 20879778 DOI: 10.1021/ol102215e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Feula
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, West Midlands, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Male
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, West Midlands, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - John S. Fossey
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, West Midlands, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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15
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Regioselective synthesis of azetidines or pyrrolidines by selenium-induced cyclization of secondary homoallylic amines. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.06.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Mangelinckx S, Žukauskaitė A, Buinauskaitė V, Šačkus A, De Kimpe N. Synthesis of alkyl 2-(bromomethyl)aziridine-2-carboxylates and alkyl 3-bromoazetidine-3-carboxylates as amino acid building blocks. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.09.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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17
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Brandi A, Cicchi S, Cordero FM. Novel Syntheses of Azetidines and Azetidinones. Chem Rev 2008; 108:3988-4035. [DOI: 10.1021/cr800325e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 395] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Brandi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica “Ugo Schiff”, Laboratorio di Progettazione, Sintesi e Studio di Eterocicli Biologicamente Attivi - HeteroBioLab, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto F.no (FI), Italy
| | - Stefano Cicchi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica “Ugo Schiff”, Laboratorio di Progettazione, Sintesi e Studio di Eterocicli Biologicamente Attivi - HeteroBioLab, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto F.no (FI), Italy
| | - Franca M. Cordero
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica “Ugo Schiff”, Laboratorio di Progettazione, Sintesi e Studio di Eterocicli Biologicamente Attivi - HeteroBioLab, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto F.no (FI), Italy
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18
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Campbell MJ, Pohlhaus PD, Min G, Ohmatsu K, Johnson JS. An "anti-Baldwin" 3-exo-dig cyclization: preparation of vinylidene cyclopropanes from electron-poor alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:9180-1. [PMID: 18582052 DOI: 10.1021/ja803553a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Stabilized carbanions undergo an uncommon 3-exodig cyclization onto propargyl halides through an SN2' substitution. Propargyl iodides as electrophiles are necessary to achieve good yields (36-95%) for most substrates, although the usefulness of chlorides and bromides is documented. A variety of monocyclic and bicyclic vinylidene cyclopropanes can be prepared. These products are not available by standard carbene methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, USA
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19
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Liu ZJ, Liu JT. Asymmetric synthesis of either diastereomer of trifluoromethylated allylic amines by the selective reduction of trifluoromethyl α,β-unsaturated N-tert-butanesulfinyl ketoimines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:5233-5. [DOI: 10.1039/b810459j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Ghorai MK, Kumar A, Das K. Lewis acid-mediated unprecedented ring-opening rearrangement of 2-aryl-N-tosylazetidines to enantiopure (E)-allylamines. Org Lett 2007; 9:5441-4. [PMID: 18020346 DOI: 10.1021/ol7023218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A highly efficient strategy for Cu(OTf)2-mediated ring-opening of 2-aryl-N-tosylazetidines in polar and coordinating solvents followed by an unprecedented rearrangement to substituted achiral and chiral (E)-allylamines (ee >99%) is reported. The methodology has been applied for the synthesis of gamma-unsaturated-beta-amino acids. A plausible mechanism for the rearrangement is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manas K Ghorai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India.
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21
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Sureshkumar D, Koutha S, Chandrasekaran S. A New Selena-Aza-Payne-Type Rearrangement of Aziridinylmethyl Tosylates Mediated by Tetraselenotungstate. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200700357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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22
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Banide E, Lemau de Talancé V, Schmidt G, Lubin H, Comesse S, Dechoux L, Hamon L, Kadouri-Puchot C. On the Synthesis and Reactivity of Enantiopure Azetidines. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200700283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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23
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Matsuda T, Kadowaki S, Murakami M. Synthesis of 3-Acyl-4-alkenylpyrrolidines by Platinum-Catalyzed Hydrative Cyclization of Allenynes. Helv Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200690165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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24
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Van Driessche B, Van Brabandt W, D'hooghe M, Dejaegher Y, De Kimpe N. Synthesis and reactivity of trans-2-aryl-3-chloroazetidines. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.04.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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25
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Lee KY, Lee CG, Na JE, Kim JN. Alkynylation of N-tosylimines with aryl acetylenes promoted by ZnBr2 and N,N-diisopropylethylamine in acetonitrile. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Enders D, Gries J, Kim ZS. Asymmetric Synthesis of 2-Mono- and 2,3-trans-Disubstituted Azetidines. European J Org Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200400473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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27
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Neverov AA, Feng HX, Hamilton K, Brown RS. Bis(pyridine)-based bromonium ions. Molecular structures of bis(2,4,6-collidine)bromonium perchlorate and bis(pyridine)bromonium triflate and the mechanism of the reactions of 1,2-bis(2'-pyridylethynyl)benzenebrominum triflate and bis(pyridine)bromonium triflate with acceptor olefins. J Org Chem 2003; 68:3802-10. [PMID: 12737557 DOI: 10.1021/jo020750m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
1,2-Bis(2'-pyridylethynyl)benzenebromonium triflate (4) and bis(pyridine)bromonium triflate (5) have been prepared and the mechanism of their reaction with various acceptors including eight alkenes of various structure, collidine, and Br(-) are reported. The reaction of 4 with neutral acceptors is second-order overall and involves a preequilibrium dissociation of the bidentate-bound Br(+) to form an unstable monodentate open form (4-op), which reacts with all neutral acceptors at or near the diffusion limit. Br(-) reacts with 4 by a different mechanism involving a direct nucleophilic attack on the Br(+). The reaction of 5 with acceptors proceeds by a dissociative mechanism to reversibly form an unstable intermediate (pyr-Br(+)), which reacts with 4-penten-1-ol, 4-pentenoic acid adamantylidineadamantane and cyclohexene with nearly the same selectivity. The crystal and molecular structures of bis(2,4,6-collidine)bromonium perchlorate (2-ClO(4)) and 5 were determined by X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei A Neverov
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
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