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Nojo W, Tamaoki H, Ishigaki Y, Katoono R, Fujiwara K, Fukushima T, Suzuki T. Molecular Wires with Controllable π-Delocalization Incorporating Redox-Triggered π-Conjugated Switching Units. Chempluschem 2020; 84:634-642. [PMID: 31944008 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201800341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A perfluorobiphenyl-2,2'-diyl dication and its corresponding dihydrophenanthrene-type electron donor are interconvertible upon two-electron transfer. Redox-triggered C-C bond-formation/cleavage caused a drastic change in the torsion angle of the biphenyl unit. Thus, π-delocalization ON/OFF switching was observed as a change in the UV absorption upon electrolysis of the linearly extended analogue with two phenylethynyl groups. A further extended π-system with a molecular length of ca. 3.5 nm, which has two switching units, was synthesized. Spectroelectrograms as well as voltammetric analyses showed that the two units act nearly simultaneously because of the very small inter-unit electrostatic repulsion in the tetracationic state. Thus, the present pair is a promising candidate as a switching unit for "molecular wires" with controllable π-delocalization, in which a higher ON/OFF ratio of delocalization could be realized by incorporating multiple switching units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Nojo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Hitomi Tamaoki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ishigaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Ryo Katoono
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Kenshu Fujiwara
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Akita University, Akita, 010-8502, Japan
| | - Takanori Fukushima
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Takanori Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
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Tamaoki H, Katoono R, Fujiwara K, Suzuki T. Assembly of an Axially Chiral Dynamic Redox System with a Perfluorobiphenyl Skeleton into Dumbbell- or Tripod-type Electron Donors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:2582-6. [PMID: 26748461 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201510935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of F atoms endows a diethenylbiphenyl-based electron donor with configurational stability and SN Ar reactivity. The former enables the dynamic redox pair of (Rax)-1/(Rax ,R,R)-1(2+) to exhibit drastic UV/Vis and CD spectral changes upon electrolysis, whereas the latter makes it possible for (Rax)-1 to serve as a useful chiral synthon for the production of larger assemblies [(Rax ,Rax)-2 d,p,m and (Rax ,Rax ,Rax)-3] containing two or three dyrex units. These dyads and triad also exhibit a clean electrochiroptical response with isosbestic points owing to one-wave multi-electron transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Tamaoki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Ryo Katoono
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Kenshu Fujiwara
- Faculty of Engineering Science, Akita University, Akita, 010-8052, Japan
| | - Takanori Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan.
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Tamaoki H, Katoono R, Fujiwara K, Suzuki T. Assembly of an Axially Chiral Dynamic Redox System with a Perfluorobiphenyl Skeleton into Dumbbell- or Tripod-type Electron Donors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201510935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Tamaoki
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Hokkaido University; Sapporo 060-0810 Japan
| | - Ryo Katoono
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Hokkaido University; Sapporo 060-0810 Japan
| | - Kenshu Fujiwara
- Faculty of Engineering Science; Akita University; Akita 010-8052 Japan
| | - Takanori Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Hokkaido University; Sapporo 060-0810 Japan
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Beverina L, Pagani GA, Sassi M. Multichromophoric electrochromic polymers: colour tuning of conjugated polymers through the side chain functionalization approach. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 50:5413-30. [PMID: 24647618 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc00163j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Organic electrochromic materials have gained constantly increasing interest over the years with respect to their inorganic counterpart due to essentially two distinctive characteristics: their processability through solution based low cost processes and their wide colour palette. Such characteristic features enabled their application in displays, smart windows, electronic paper and ophthalmic lenses. Alongside the established concept of donor-acceptor polymers, side chain functionalized multichromophoric polymers are gaining attention as a highly performing and synthetically feasible alternative, particularly relevant to applications requiring a complete colourlessness in one of the accessible redox states of the material. The primary aim of the present article is to review all the results involving the tuning of the native electrochromic properties of simple conjugated polymers through the introduction of a discrete electrochromic molecule as a side chain substituent.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Beverina
- University of Milano-Bicocca
- Department of Material Science
- Milano, Italy I-20125
| | - G. A. Pagani
- University of Milano-Bicocca
- Department of Material Science
- Milano, Italy I-20125
| | - M. Sassi
- University of Milano-Bicocca
- Department of Material Science
- Milano, Italy I-20125
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Computational studies of the structure of aldazines and ketazines: Part 2. Halogen and α,β-unsaturated derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2007.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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John H, Briehn C, Schmidt J, Hünig S, Heinze J. Trinuclear Cyanines (TNCs) Revisited: A New Class of Electrochromics by Intramolecular π/σ Switching. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:449-53. [PMID: 17154200 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200602596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hermann John
- Institute of Physical Chemistry I and Freiburg Materials Research Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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John H, Briehn C, Schmidt J, Hünig S, Heinze J. Ein neuer Blick auf alte Farbstoffe: Dreikernige Cyanine (TNCs) als elektrochrome redoxschaltbare Systeme. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200602596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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The first stable tetraarylacenaphthenequinodimethanes exhibiting electrochromism with ‘write-protect’ option: preparation, highly deformed structure, and reversible interconversion with acenaphthylene-5,6-diyl dicationic dyes. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Suzuki T, Tanaka S, Higuchi H, Kawai H, Fujiwara K. Dynamic redox systems based on bis(spiroxanthene)-type donors with a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon: preparation, X-ray structures, and electrochromic response with fluorescence change. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.09.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Three-way-output response system by electric potential: UV–vis, CD, and fluorescence spectral changes upon electrolysis of the chiral ester of tetracyanoanthraquinodimethane. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.02.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Higuchi H, Ohta E, Kawai H, Fujiwara K, Tsuji T, Suzuki T. Electrochiroptical response of 2,2'-(2,2-diarylethenyl)binaphthyl-type electron donors that undergo reversible C-C bond formation/breaking upon two-electron transfer. J Org Chem 2003; 68:6605-10. [PMID: 12919023 DOI: 10.1021/jo0345289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
2,2'-[2,2-Bis(4-dimethylaminophenyl)ethenyl]biphenyl (1) is a strong electron donor that undergoes oxidative C-C bond formation to give a stable dication rac-2(2+), the 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene derivative substituted with two bis(4-dimethylaminophenyl)methylium chromophores. This dication salt regenerates the starting diolefin 1 by reductive C-C bond breaking, thus realizing a new electrochromic system with high electrochemical bistability and a vivid change in color from yellow to deep blue. Similarly, the binaphthylic diolefin rac-3 and the helicene-type dication rac-4(2+) are interconvertible upon two-electron transfer. Both the UV-vis and CD spectra changed drastically upon electrochemical transformation between optically pure 3 and 4(2+), which represents a new electrochiroptical system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Higuchi
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
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