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Yuan D, Ding L, Sun Z, Li X. MRI/Fluorescence bimodal amplification system for cellular GSH detection and tumor cell imaging based on manganese dioxide nanosheet. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1747. [PMID: 29379132 PMCID: PMC5788857 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20110-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report a novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)/fluorescence bimodal amplification platform for the detection of glutathione (GSH) on the basis of redoxable manganese dioxide (MnO2) nanosheets, which can be readily applied as a DNA nanocarrier, fluorescence quencher, and intracellular GSH-activated MRI contrast agent. The binding of aptamers that absorbed on the MnO2 nanosheets to their target can facilitating the endocytosis of target-nanoprobes. Once endocytosed, the MnO2 nanosheets can react with cellular GSH, resulting in the disintegration of nanosheets to generate plenty of Mn2+ ions for MRI and releases the primers which were adsorbed on the MnO2 nanosheets. Then the rolling circle amplification (RCA) reaction was initiated to amplify the fluorescence signal. In addition, after treatment with GSH, the MnO2 nanosheets were reduced and then most of the fluorescence was recovered. Therefore, this MnO2 nanoprobe exhibits excellent selectivity, suggesting a potential detection platform for analyzing the glutathione level in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Yuan
- Center of Cooperative Innovation for Chemical Imaging Functional Probes in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Research Institute of Biochemical Analysis, Linyi University, Linyi, 276005, P. R. China
| | - Lairong Ding
- Center of Cooperative Innovation for Chemical Imaging Functional Probes in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Research Institute of Biochemical Analysis, Linyi University, Linyi, 276005, P. R. China
| | - Zhaomei Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Research Institute of Biochemical Analysis, Linyi University, Linyi, 276005, P. R. China
| | - Xuemei Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Research Institute of Biochemical Analysis, Linyi University, Linyi, 276005, P. R. China.
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Olmos Moya PM, Martínez Alfaro M, Kazemi R, Alpuche-Avilés MA, Griveau S, Bedioui F, Gutiérrez Granados S. Simultaneous Electrochemical Speciation of Oxidized and Reduced Glutathione. Redox Profiling of Oxidative Stress in Biological Fluids with a Modified Carbon Electrode. Anal Chem 2017; 89:10726-10733. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rezvan Kazemi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
| | | | - Sophie Griveau
- Université
Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, UTCBS, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Fethi Bedioui
- Université
Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, UTCBS, 75006 Paris, France
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3
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Abstract
Glutathione is an endogenous peptide with antioxidant and other metabolic functions. The nomenclature, formulae, elemental composition, and appearance and uses of the drug are included. The methods used for the synthesis and biosynthesis of glutathione are described. This profile contains the physical characteristics of the drug including: solubility, X-ray powder diffraction pattern, crystal structure, melting point, and differential scanning calorimetry. The spectral methods that were used for both the identification and analysis of glutathione include ultraviolet spectrum, vibrational spectrum, 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, and mass spectrum. The profile also includes the compendial methods of analysis and the other methods of analysis that are reported in the literature. These other methods of e-analysis are: potentiometric, voltammetric, amperometric, spectrophotometric, specrtofluorometric, chemiluminescence, chromatographic and immunoassay methods. The stability of and several reviews on drug are also provided. More than 170 references are listed at the end this comprehensive profile on glutathione.
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4
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Khan MI, Iqbal Z, Khan A. Simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid, aminothiols, and methionine in biological matrices using ion-pairing RP-HPLC coupled with electrochemical detector. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1208:201-220. [PMID: 25323509 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1441-8_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel highly sensitive ion-pairing reversed-phase high performance liquid-chromatography/electrochemical detection method for simultaneous determination of L -ascorbic acid, aminothiols, and methionine in biological matrices is presented. Reduced forms of the analytes are extracted from sample matrices with 10% m-phosphoric acid solution(aqueous). To determine the total vitamin C, the total aminothiols, and the total methionine, samples are treated with tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine solution in 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid solution(aqueous) subsequent to deproteination to reduce the oxidized forms of these compounds. Various analytes are separated on a C18 (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) analytical column using methanol-0.05% trifluoroacetic acid solution(aqueous) (05:95 v/v, containing 0.1 mM 1-octane sulfonic acid as the ion-pairing agent) as the isocratic mobile phase that is pumped at a flow rate of 1.5 ml/min at room temperature. The column eluents are monitored at a voltage of 0.85 V. These analytes are efficiently resolved in less than 20 min using n-acetyl cysteine as the internal standard.
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Saha A, Jana NR. Detection of Cellular Glutathione and Oxidized Glutathione Using Magnetic–Plasmonic Nanocomposite-Based “Turn-Off” Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering. Anal Chem 2013; 85:9221-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ac4019457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Saha
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Indian
Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Nikhil R. Jana
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Indian
Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
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Schiborr C, Schwamm D, Kocher A, Rimbach G, Eckert GP, Frank J. The senescence-accelerated mouse-prone 8 is not a suitable model for the investigation of cardiac inflammation and oxidative stress and their modulation by dietary phytochemicals. Pharmacol Res 2013; 74:113-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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7
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Noh HB, Chandra P, Moon JO, Shim YB. In vivo detection of glutathione disulfide and oxidative stress monitoring using a biosensor. Biomaterials 2011; 33:2600-7. [PMID: 22209642 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A highly sensitive in vivo biosensor for glutathione disulfide (GSSG) is developed using covalently immobilized-glutathione reductase (GR) and -β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) on gold nanoparticles deposited on poly[2,2':5',2″-terthiophene-3'-(p-benzoic acid)] (polyTTBA). The fabricated biosensor was characterized with SEM, TEM, XPS, and QCM. Analytical parameters affecting the biosensor performance were optimized in terms of applied potential, NADPH:GR ratio, temperature, and pH. A linear calibration plot is obtained using chronoamperometry in the dynamic range between 0.1 μM and 2.5 mM of GSSG, with a detection limit of 12.5 ± 0.5 nM. The developed biosensor is applied to detect GSSG in a real plasma sample. A microbiosensor was applied to detect the in vivo GSSG concentration to monitor the oxidative stress caused by diquat and t-butyl hydroperoxide. The results obtained are reliable, implying a promising approach for a GSSG biosensor in clinical diagnostics and oxidative stress monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Bog Noh
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of BioPhysio Sensor Technology, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
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8
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Simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid, aminothiols, and methionine in biological matrices using ion-pairing RP-HPLC coupled with electrochemical detector. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:2567-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Eyckmans M, Celis N, Horemans N, Blust R, De Boeck G. Exposure to waterborne copper reveals differences in oxidative stress response in three freshwater fish species. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2011; 103:112-120. [PMID: 21419094 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Revised: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 02/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Among species, various strategies in metal handling can occur. Moreover, the same metal concentration, or even the same metal dose, does not always seem to exert the same effect in different species. Here, we have investigated differences in a copper induced oxidative stress response between rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio). Fish were exposed to two sub-lethal Cu concentrations, an identical concentration of 50μg/l for all fish species and an identical toxic dose which was 10% of the concentration lethal to 50% of the fish within 96h of exposure (LC50 96h value) for each of the 3 species (20μg/l for rainbow trout, 65μg/l for carp and 150μg/l for gibel carp). Different anti-oxidative enzyme (superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase and catalase) activities and anti-oxidant (reduced glutathione and reduced ascorbate) concentrations were determined in gill samples collected after 1h, 12h, 24h, 3 days, 1 week and 1 month of Cu exposure. Changes in the measured parameters were present in all 3 species, yet a clear differentiation between fish species could be made before and during the exposure. The ascorbate levels of gibel carp were twice as high as those in common carp or rainbow trout. In contrast, the level of glutathione in rainbow trout was more than twice of that in the two other species. Also, glutathione reductase activity of rainbow trout was higher than in the other species. In rainbow trout a decrease of reduced ascorbate and reduced glutathione was observed in the beginning of the exposure, indicating that ROS scavenging molecules were under pressure. This was followed by an increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase after 3 days of exposure. In contrast, common carp and especially gibel carp enhanced their anti-oxidant enzyme activities as quickly as in the first day of exposure. Furthermore, our research seems to confirm that some fish rely more on glutathione as a first line of defence against metal exposure, while others rely more on metallothionein in combination with anti-oxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marleen Eyckmans
- Laboratory for Ecophysiology, Biochemistry and Toxicology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
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10
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Fanelli SL, Maciel ME, Díaz Gómez MI, Delgado de Layño AMA, Bietto FM, Castro JA, Castro GD. Further studies on the potential contribution of acetaldehyde accumulation and oxidative stress in rat mammary tissue in the alcohol drinking promotion of breast cancer. J Appl Toxicol 2011; 31:11-9. [PMID: 20623749 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
There is available evidence supporting a positive association between alcohol intake and risk of breast cancer. However, there is limited information regarding possible mechanisms for this effect. Past studies from our laboratory suggest that acetaldehyde accumulation in mammary tissue after alcohol intake may be of particular relevance and that cytosolic and microsomal in situ bioactivation of ethanol to acetaldehyde and free radicals and the resulting stimulation of oxidative stress could be a significant early event related to tumor promotion. In the present studies repetitive alcohol drinking for 28 days was found to produce significant decreases in the mammary tissue content of GSH and alpha tocopherol and in glutathione S-transferase or glutathione reductase activities. In contrast, glutathione peroxidase activity was slightly increased. Malondialdehyde determinations did not show the occurrence of lipid peroxidation while the xylenol orange procedure gave positive results. The mammary microsomal metabolism of ethanol to acetaldehyde was not induced after an acute dose of ethanol or acetone able to induce the activity of its liver counterpart. The cytosolic pathway of alcohol metabolism instead was significantly enhanced by these two treatments. No increased generation of comet images was found either in mammary tissue or in liver under the experimental conditions tested. Results suggest that, while acetaldehyde accumulation in mammary tissue could be a critical event resulting from increasing production of acetaldehyde in situ plus an additional amount of it arriving via blood, other factors such as poor handling of the accumulated acetaldehyde could be also relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia L Fanelli
- Centro de Investigaciones Toxicológicas (CEITOX, CITEFA-CONICET), J. B. de La Salle 4397, B1603ALO Villa Martelli, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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11
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Wang T, An Y, He HB, Qian D, Cai RL. Simultaneous determination of oxidized and reduced glutathione in eel's (Monopterus albus) plasma by transient pseudoisotachophoresis coupled with capillary zone electrophoresis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:368-373. [PMID: 18092751 DOI: 10.1021/jf0721850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Both the reduced form of glutathione (GSH) and the oxidized form of glutathione (GSSG) in eel's ( Monopterus albus) plasma were for the first time determined by transient pseudoisotachophoresis coupled with capillary zone electrophoresis. The method of transient pseudoisotachophoresis coupled with capillary zone electrophoresis has been thoroughly optimized and adequately evaluated for the simultaneous determination of GSH and GSSG in eel's plasma. The detection limits (S/N = 3) of the method developed were 0.2 and 0.05 micromol/L for GSH and GSSG, respectively. The linearity of the calibration curves was valid in the range of 0-10 micromol/L GSH and 0-0.70 micromol/L GSSG. The method was simple, fast, and reproducible. It was found that the respective concentrations of GSH and GSSG were in the range of 9.1-14.5 and 0.31-0.58 micromol/L in the adult eel's plasma, and 10.8-17.9 and 0.49 - 0.68 micromol/L in the juvenile eel's plasma of the three populations determined. Each blood sample was a composite of five eels. For each of the three populations, the concentrations of GSH and GSSG in the adult eel's plasma were lower than those in the juvenile eel's plasma, and the concentrations of GSH and GSSG in the plasma of population 1 (deep yellow finless eels) were higher than those in populations 2 (light yellow finless eels) and 3 (green finless eels) for either the adult or the juvenile eels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
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12
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Kand'ár R, Záková P, Lotková H, Kucera O, Cervinková Z. Determination of reduced and oxidized glutathione in biological samples using liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2007; 43:1382-7. [PMID: 17182211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2006.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2006] [Revised: 11/08/2006] [Accepted: 11/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A HPLC method for determination of both reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione in plasma, whole blood and rat hepatocytes has been developed and evaluated. Reduced glutathione reacts with orthophthaldehyde (OPA) to form a stable, highly fluorescent tricyclic derivate at pH 8, while GSSG reacts with OPA at pH 12. At measurement of GSSG, GSH was complexed to N-ethylmaleimide. For the separation, reverse phase column Discovery C(18), 150 mm x 4 mm, 5 microm, was used. The mixture of methanol and 25 mM sodium hydrogenphosphate (15:85, v/v), pH 6.0, was used as mobile phase. The analytical performance of this method is satisfactory for both GSH and GSSG. The intra-assay coefficients of variation were 1.8 and 2.1% for whole blood, 2.0 and 1.9% for rat hepatocytes, 4.3 and 5.2% for plasma. The inter-assay coefficients of variation were 5.8 and 6.2% for whole blood, 6.6 and 7.1% for rat hepatocytes, 6.9 and 7.8% for plasma. The recoveries were as follows: 98.2% (CV 3.5%) and 101.5% (CV 4.2%) for whole blood, 99.1% (2.5%) and 102.3 (4.4%) for rat hepatocytes, 94.1% (CV 7.5%) and 103.5 (CV 8.5%) for plasma. The calibration curve was linear in the whole range tested. The limit of detection was 14.0 and 5.6 fmol, respectively. The preliminary reference ranges of reduced and oxidized glutathione in a group of blood donors are (4.69+/-0.93) and (0.28+/-0.12)micromol/gHb for whole blood, (1.82+/-0.55) and (0.154+/-0.044)microM for plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Kand'ár
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic.
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Musenga A, Mandrioli R, Bonifazi P, Kenndler E, Pompei A, Raggi MA. Sensitive and selective determination of glutathione in probiotic bacteria by capillary electrophoresis–laser induced fluorescence. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 387:917-24. [PMID: 17203251 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0980-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2006] [Accepted: 11/02/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is a thiol with an important function in protecting tissue against the oxidative stress which has been related to carcinogenesis in the colon. For this reason the development of probiotic species producing glutathione could be of great interest. To determine the glutathione content of some probiotic bacteria of the Bifidobacterium and Lactococcus genera, a very sensitive and selective analytical method based on capillary electrophoresis coupled to laser-induced fluorescence detection has been developed. Pretreatment of cell-lysate samples is very simple--precipitation of protein with acetonitrile in 1:2 volume ratio. The fluorophore 5-iodoacetamidofluorescein (5-IAF) was chosen for glutathione derivatisation; it reacts with thiols at pH 12.5, forming a fluorescent adduct which is excited by a laser at 488 nm for detection. The reaction conditions optimised were temperature, time, and 5-IAF/GSH molar ratio. Electrophoresis was performed with a carbonate buffer (25 mmol L(-1), pH 9.8) as background electrolyte and a voltage of 30 kV; an electrophoretic run was complete in less than 7 min. There was a good linear relationship between concentration and response in the range 2.5-500 ng mL(-1) and the LOD was 0.5 ng mL(-1). The glutathione content of probiotic cells was determined by using the standard additions method to reduce matrix effects. The method was fully validated and shown to be of suitable sensitivity and selectivity for determination of GSH in probiotic cell lysates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Musenga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
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Tseng WL, Lee KH, Chang HT. Using nile red-adsorbed gold nanoparticles to locate glutathione within erythrocytes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2005; 21:10676-83. [PMID: 16262336 DOI: 10.1021/la0511034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
An aqueous solution of Nile Red (NR)-absorbed 32-nm gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been used to sense glutathione (GSH). When the NR product is displaced by GSH on the AuNP surface, the fluorescence of the solution increases and the AuNPs aggregate. To determine the concentration and distribution of GSH within erythrocyte cells, a homemade fluorescence and scattering microscope was constructed. This system allows monitoring, within individual cells, of the uptake and transportation of the NRAuNPs and the displacement of the NR product from the NRAuNP surface by GSH. The fluorescence and scattering images clearly indicate the location of GSH inside the cells; these findings are supported by images recorded using 2,3-naphthalenedicarboxaldehyde, which is a highly selective fluorogenic reagent for GSH. Microscopic fluorescence measurements of the NRAuNPs revealed that the GSH concentration inside erythrocyte cells is 1.30 +/- 0.31 mM. To confirm this result, lysed erythrocyte cells were analyzed by applying capillary electrophoresis in conjunction with laser-induced fluorescence using NRAuNPs; accordingly, the average GSH concentration in a single erythrocyte cell was determined to be 1.32 +/- 0.06 mM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lung Tseng
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei
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Peterson LA, Cummings ME, Vu CC, Matter BA. GLUTATHIONE TRAPPING TO MEASURE MICROSOMAL OXIDATION OF FURAN TOCIS-2-BUTENE-1,4-DIAL. Drug Metab Dispos 2005; 33:1453-8. [PMID: 16006568 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.105.004432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Furan is a liver carcinogen and toxicant. Furan is oxidized to the reactive dialdehyde, cis-2-butene-1,4-dial, by microsomal enzymes. This reactive metabolite readily reacts with glutathione nonenzymatically to form conjugates. A high-performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical method for the detection of cis-2-butene-1,4-dial-glutathione (GSH) conjugates in microsomal preparations was developed to measure the extent of furan metabolism to cis-2-butene-1,4-dial in vitro. Previously unobserved mono-GSH reaction products of cis-2-butene-1,4-dial were detected in addition to the already characterized bis-GSH conjugates. Chemical characterization of these compounds indicated that the alpha-amino group of glutathione had reacted with cis-2-butene-1,4-dial to form a thiol-substituted pyrrole adduct. The analytical method was used to estimate the extent of furan oxidation in rat liver microsomes from untreated or acetone-pretreated F344 rats as well as in human P450 2E1 Supersomes. Our results confirm that cytochrome P450 2E1 can catalyze the oxidation of furan to cis-2-butene-1,4-dial. However, the data are also consistent with the involvement of other P450 enzymes in the oxidation of furan in untreated animals. This assay will be a valuable tool to explore tissue and species differences in rates of furan oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Peterson
- The Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Mayo Mail Code 806, 420 Delaware St. S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Chi C, Tanaka R, Okuda Y, Ikota N, Yamamoto H, Urano S, Ozawa T, Anzai K. Quantitative Measurements of Oxidative Stress in Mouse Skin Induced by X-Ray Irradiation. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2005; 53:1411-5. [PMID: 16272723 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.53.1411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To find efficient methods to evaluate oxidative stress in mouse skin caused by X-ray irradiation, several markers and methodologies were examined. Hairless mice were irradiated with 50 Gy X-rays and skin homogenates or skin strips were prepared. Lipid peroxidation was measured using the skin homogenate as the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. The level of lipid peroxidation increased with time after irradiation and was twice that of the control at 78 h. ESR spectra of skin strips showed a clear signal for the ascorbyl radical, which increased with time after irradiation in a manner similar to that of lipid peroxidation. To measure levels of glutathione (GSH) and its oxidized forms (GSSG) simultaneously, two HPLC methods, sample derivatization with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and detection with a UV detector (method A) and no derivatization and detection with an electrochemical detector (method B), were compared and the latter was found to be better. No significant change was observed within 24 h after irradiation in the levels of GSH and GSSG measured by method B. The GSH/GSSG ratio may be a less sensitive parameter for the evaluation of acute oxidative stress caused by X-ray irradiation in the skin. Monitoring the ascorbyl radical seems to be a good way to evaluate oxidative stress in skin in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Chi
- Redox Regulation Research Group, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
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Yang Q, Krautmacher C, Schilling D, Pittelkow MR, Naylor S. Simultaneous analysis of oxidized and reduced glutathione in cell extracts by capillary zone electrophoresis. Biomed Chromatogr 2002; 16:224-8. [PMID: 11920949 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) levels in cells constitute a thiol redox system. They can be used as an indicator of oxidative stress of the cell. In this study, a capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method is described that enables quantitation of GSH and GSSG from cellular extracts. The CZE buffer used was 20 mM ammonium acetate containing 5% (v/v) acetic acid at pH 3.1 in conjunction with a polybrene coated capillary operated in reverse polarity mode. Effects of different acids used to prepare cell samples were investigated on CZE performance. The acids include meta phosphoric acid (MPA), trichloroacetic acid (TCA), phosphoric acid (PA) and sulfosalicylic acid (SSA) and are used to stabilize GSH and GSSG before performing CZE analysis. The method features a limit of detection of 4 microM and a limit of quantitation of 12 microM for both GSSG and GSH and recoveries of 94% for GSH and 100% for GSSG. Quantitative analysis of GSSG and GSH in HaCaT cell extracts (5% SSA, w/v) was performed with this method and changes in the ratio of GSH to GSSG in N-ethylmaleimide treated cell sample was observed by comparing with control cell samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yang
- Biomedical Mass Spectrometry and Functional Proteomics Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Remião F, Carmo H, Carvalho F, Bastos ML. The study of oxidative stress in freshly isolated Ca(2+)-tolerant cardiomyocytes from the adult rat. Toxicol In Vitro 2001; 15:283-7. [PMID: 11566550 DOI: 10.1016/s0887-2333(01)00022-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cardiotoxicity studies using isolated heart cells are becoming increasingly advocated as a supplement to, and sometimes as a replacement for, whole heart or whole animal experimentation. In fact, the use of isolated cardiomyocytes has the great advantage of enabling mechanistic and comparative studies of compounds, which are directly toxic to cardiomyocytes. Since the 1970s, different procedures have been developed in order to obtain Ca(2+)-tolerant cardiomyocytes. The advances in this field will be reviewed and an optimised method to obtain freshly isolated Ca(2+)-tolerant cardiomyocytes from the adult rat for use in toxicological studies will be described. With this procedure, a high number of rod-shaped cells can be obtained (6-7 x 10(6)/heart corresponding to 70% of total number of cells). It is also possible to maintain cell viability, glutathione content and enzymatic activity of glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in acceptable levels for 4 hours. Cardiotoxicity studies performed with isoproterenol (ISO) in the presence of copper and with the model toxic substance tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BHP) demonstrate the importance of oxidative stress as a cardiotoxic mechanism elicited by these molecules. The results obtained are also good indicators for future applications of this methodology to other cardiotoxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Remião
- ICETA/CEQUP, Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Aníbal Cunha, 164, 4050/047 Porto, Portugal.
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Katrusiak AE, Paterson PG, Kamencic H, Shoker A, Lyon AW. Pre-column derivatization high-performance liquid chromatographic method for determination of cysteine, cysteinyl-glycine, homocysteine and glutathione in plasma and cell extracts. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 2001; 758:207-12. [PMID: 11486830 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(01)00182-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method for quantification of sulphydryl and disulfide amino acids in human plasma using ultra violet spectrophotometric detection was developed. Precolumn derivatization with 5,5'-dithio-bis-nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB) and an optional pre-derivatization reaction with dithiothreitol allowed both quantitative reduction of disulfides for measurement of total amino acid levels and the measurement of the reduced forms. A dynamic range of 500 nmol/l-750 micromol/l allowed the major analytes of interest to be quantified in plasma without sample dilution. The assay is a sensitive and precise method for the determination of sulphydryl and disulfide amino acids in plasma and cell extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Katrusiak
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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Remião F, Carmo H, Carvalho F, Bastos ML. Cardiotoxicity studies using freshly isolated calcium-tolerant cardiomyocytes from adult rat. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2001; 37:1-4. [PMID: 11249199 DOI: 10.1290/1071-2690(2001)037<0001:csufic>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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