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Mylonas A, Hawerkamp HC, Wang Y, Chen J, Messina F, Demaria O, Meller S, Homey B, Di Domizio J, Mazzolai L, Hovnanian A, Gilliet M, Conrad C. Type I IFNs link skin-associated dysbiotic commensal bacteria to pathogenic inflammation and angiogenesis in rosacea. JCI Insight 2023; 8:151846. [PMID: 36633910 PMCID: PMC9977509 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.151846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Rosacea is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease with a fluctuating course of excessive inflammation and apparent neovascularization. Microbial dysbiosis with a high density of Bacillus oleronius and increased activity of kallikrein 5, which cleaves cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide, are key pathogenic triggers in rosacea. However, how these events are linked to the disease remains unknown. Here, we show that type I IFNs produced by plasmacytoid DCs represent the pivotal link between dysbiosis, the aberrant immune response, and neovascularization. Compared with other commensal bacteria, B. oleronius is highly susceptible and preferentially killed by cathelicidin antimicrobial peptides, leading to enhanced generation of complexes with bacterial DNA. These bacterial DNA complexes but not DNA complexes derived from host cells are required for cathelicidin-induced activation of plasmacytoid DCs and type I IFN production. Moreover, kallikrein 5 cleaves cathelicidin into peptides with heightened DNA binding and type I IFN-inducing capacities. In turn, excessive type I IFN expression drives neoangiogenesis via IL-22 induction and upregulation of the IL-22 receptor on endothelial cells. These findings unravel a potentially novel pathomechanism that directly links hallmarks of rosacea to the killing of dysbiotic commensal bacteria with induction of a pathogenic type I IFN-driven and IL-22-mediated angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Mylonas
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Heike C Hawerkamp
- Department of Dermatology, Dusseldorf University Hospital, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Yichen Wang
- INSERM UMR 1163, Institut IMAGINE, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Messina
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Demaria
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Meller
- Department of Dermatology, Dusseldorf University Hospital, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Bernhard Homey
- Department of Dermatology, Dusseldorf University Hospital, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Jeremy Di Domizio
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lucia Mazzolai
- Department of Angiology, University Hospital CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alain Hovnanian
- INSERM UMR 1163, Institut IMAGINE, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
| | - Michel Gilliet
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Curdin Conrad
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Lande R, Gregorio J, Facchinetti V, Chatterjee B, Wang YH, Homey B, Cao W, Wang YH, Su B, Nestle FO, Zal T, Mellman I, Schröder JM, Liu YJ, Gilliet M. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells sense self-DNA coupled with antimicrobial peptide. Nature 2007; 449:564-9. [PMID: 17873860 DOI: 10.1038/nature06116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1327] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2007] [Accepted: 07/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) sense viral and microbial DNA through endosomal Toll-like receptors to produce type 1 interferons. pDCs do not normally respond to self-DNA, but this restriction seems to break down in human autoimmune disease by an as yet poorly understood mechanism. Here we identify the antimicrobial peptide LL37 (also known as CAMP) as the key factor that mediates pDC activation in psoriasis, a common autoimmune disease of the skin. LL37 converts inert self-DNA into a potent trigger of interferon production by binding the DNA to form aggregated and condensed structures that are delivered to and retained within early endocytic compartments in pDCs to trigger Toll-like receptor 9. Thus, our data uncover a fundamental role of an endogenous antimicrobial peptide in breaking innate tolerance to self-DNA and suggest that this pathway may drive autoimmunity in psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Lande
- Department of Immunology, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Oehlke J, Birth P, Klauschenz E, Wiesner B, Beyermann M, Oksche A, Bienert M. Cellular uptake of antisense oligonucleotides after complexing or conjugation with cell-penetrating model peptides. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2002; 269:4025-32. [PMID: 12180979 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1033.2002.03093.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The uptake by mammalian cells of phosphorothioate oligonucleotides was compared with that of their respective complexes or conjugates with cationic, cell-penetrating model peptides of varying helix-forming propensity and amphipathicity. An HPLC-based protocol for the synthesis and purification of disulfide bridged conjugates in the 10-100 nmol range was developed. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) in combination with gel-capillary electrophoresis and laser induced fluorescence detection (GCE-LIF) revealed cytoplasmic and nuclear accumulationin all cases. The uptake differences between naked oligonucleotides and their respective peptide complexes or conjugates were generally confined to one order of magnitude. No significant influence of the structural properties of the peptide components upon cellular uptake was found. Our results question the common belief that the increased biological activity of oligonucleotides after derivatization with membrane permeable peptides may be primarily due to improved membrane translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Oehlke
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, Berlin, Germany.
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