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Motor Coordination and Global Development in Subjects with Down Syndrome: The Influence of Physical Activity. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11175031. [PMID: 36078962 PMCID: PMC9457525 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11175031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Many research studies have investigated motor impairments and delayed development in children with Down Syndrome (DS). However, very few studies detected these features in adults with DS. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between motor coordination and global development in subjects with DS, including adults. Furthermore, the second aim was to detect any differences in motor coordination and global development as a function of the practice of physical activity (PA) in this population. Methods: Twenty-five participants with DS (10 f, 15 m), with a chronological mean age of 27.24 years and development mean age of cognitive area of 4.93 years, were enrolled and divided into a physically active group (PA-G; n = 15) and a physically inactive group (PI-G; n = 10). All participants performed the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (M-ABC) to assess fine and gross motor skills, while the Developmental Profile 3 (DP-3) checklist was administered to the parents in order to screen strengths and weaknesses of five developmental areas of their relatives with DS. Results: Our results showed positive correlations between the following variables: global motor coordination and global development, global motor coordination and adaptive behavior development area, aiming and catching skills and global development, aiming and catching skills and adaptive behavior development area. As for the practice of PA, PA-G showed higher scores than PI-G in all the tasks of both the M-ABC and the DP-3, though significant differences were found only for the global motor coordination, for the aiming and catching skills, as well as for the physical development area. Conclusions: The findings of this study reinforce the need to implement and encourage the practice of PA in order to promote well-being and social inclusion in subjects with DS.
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Rodríguez-Grande EI, Buitrago-López A, Torres-Narváez MR, Serrano-Villar Y, Verdugo-Paiva F, Ávila C. Therapeutic exercise to improve motor function among children with Down Syndrome aged 0 to 3 years: a systematic literature review and meta‑analysis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13051. [PMID: 35906275 PMCID: PMC9338268 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16332-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects and the prescription parameters of therapeutic exercise are not clear. For this reason, is needed to determine the effect of therapeutic exercises on the motor function of children with Down Syndrome (DS) aged 0 to 3 years. The present study is systematic review and meta-analysis of effectiveness outcomes in this population: gait, balance, motor development, fine motor skills, and executive functions. The databases of PubMed, PEDro, EMBASE, SCIELO, Lilacs, Cochrane library were searched from January to December 2019. We recruited Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) which met the inclusion criteria in our study. Six studies and 151 participants were included. Two types of therapeutic exercises, aerobic and neuromuscular, were identified. Both types of exercise were effective in improving outcomes. There were no differences between the modes of application of the exercise. No differences were identified between the treadmill and the physiotherapy plan for the reduction of the time to reach independent walking, Mean Difference (MD) 46.79, 95% Confidence Interval (IC) (− 32.60, 126.19), nor for the increase in walking speed MD 0.10 IC (− 0.02, 0.21) m/s. This study suggests that aerobic exercise therapy has a potentially effective role to promote the gait and motor development of children with DS aged 0 to 3 years when it is applied using a treadmill with a frequency of 5 days, a duration of 6–8 min, and an intensity of between 0.2 and 0.5 m/s. Studies with less heterogeneity and larger sample sizes are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana-Isabel Rodríguez-Grande
- Master's and PhD programs in Clinical Epidemiology, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia. .,School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, GI Rehabilitation Sciences, Carrera 24 N. 63D - 69, PBX 2970200 Ext. 3420, Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia.
| | - Adriana Buitrago-López
- Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Universidad Católica de Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Martha-Rocio Torres-Narváez
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, GI Rehabilitation Sciences, Physiotherapy Program, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Francisca Verdugo-Paiva
- Centro Evidencia UC, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago de Chile, Chile.,Fundación Epistemonikos, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Camila Ávila
- Fundación Epistemonikos, Santiago de Chile, Chile
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Perrot A, Maillot P, Le Foulon A, Rebillat AS. Effect of Exergaming on Physical Fitness, Functional Mobility, and Cognitive Functioning in Adults With Down Syndrome. AMERICAN JOURNAL ON INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2021; 126:34-44. [PMID: 33370786 DOI: 10.1352/1944-7558-126.1.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study examined whether exergames could improve physical, functional, and cognitive functions in people with Down syndrome. Twelve adults with DS, aged over 35 (M = 50.35, SD = 7.45), were randomly assigned to a Wii-based program (n = 6) or a control group (n = 6), and completed physical (Chair Stand Test, 6-Minute Walk Test), functional (TUG, TUDS), and cognitive tests (Corsi, Barrage tests). The experimental group completed a 12-week Wii-based program. There was high intervention adherence and, compared with the control group, greater improvements were observed in the Wii-based exercise intervention group in physical fitness and functional outcomes (p < .05), with no changes in cognitive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Perrot
- Alexandra Perrot, Université Paris-Saclay CIAMS, 91405, Orsay, France - Université d'Orléans, CIAMS, 45067, Orléans, France
| | - Pauline Maillot
- Pauline Maillot and Agnès Lefoulon, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Agnès Le Foulon
- Pauline Maillot and Agnès Lefoulon, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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Posadzki P, Pieper D, Bajpai R, Makaruk H, Könsgen N, Neuhaus AL, Semwal M. Exercise/physical activity and health outcomes: an overview of Cochrane systematic reviews. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1724. [PMID: 33198717 PMCID: PMC7670795 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09855-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sedentary lifestyle is a major risk factor for noncommunicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer and diabetes. It has been estimated that approximately 3.2 million deaths each year are attributable to insufficient levels of physical activity. We evaluated the available evidence from Cochrane systematic reviews (CSRs) on the effectiveness of exercise/physical activity for various health outcomes. METHODS Overview and meta-analysis. The Cochrane Library was searched from 01.01.2000 to issue 1, 2019. No language restrictions were imposed. Only CSRs of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were included. Both healthy individuals, those at risk of a disease, and medically compromised patients of any age and gender were eligible. We evaluated any type of exercise or physical activity interventions; against any types of controls; and measuring any type of health-related outcome measures. The AMSTAR-2 tool for assessing the methodological quality of the included studies was utilised. RESULTS Hundred and fifty CSRs met the inclusion criteria. There were 54 different conditions. Majority of CSRs were of high methodological quality. Hundred and thirty CSRs employed meta-analytic techniques and 20 did not. Limitations for studies were the most common reasons for downgrading the quality of the evidence. Based on 10 CSRs and 187 RCTs with 27,671 participants, there was a 13% reduction in mortality rates risk ratio (RR) 0.87 [95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.78 to 0.96]; I2 = 26.6%, [prediction interval (PI) 0.70, 1.07], median effect size (MES) = 0.93 [interquartile range (IQR) 0.81, 1.00]. Data from 15 CSRs and 408 RCTs with 32,984 participants showed a small improvement in quality of life (QOL) standardised mean difference (SMD) 0.18 [95% CI 0.08, 0.28]; I2 = 74.3%; PI -0.18, 0.53], MES = 0.20 [IQR 0.07, 0.39]. Subgroup analyses by the type of condition showed that the magnitude of effect size was the largest among patients with mental health conditions. CONCLUSION There is a plethora of CSRs evaluating the effectiveness of physical activity/exercise. The evidence suggests that physical activity/exercise reduces mortality rates and improves QOL with minimal or no safety concerns. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registered in PROSPERO ( CRD42019120295 ) on 10th January 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Posadzki
- Kleijnen Systematic Reviews Ltd., York, UK
- Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dawid Pieper
- Institute for Research in Operative Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany.
| | - Ram Bajpai
- School of Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Hubert Makaruk
- Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Faculty Physical Education and Health, Biala Podlaska, Poland
| | - Nadja Könsgen
- Institute for Research in Operative Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Annika Lena Neuhaus
- Institute for Research in Operative Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Monika Semwal
- Health Outcomes Division, University of Texas at Austin College of Pharmacy, Austin, USA
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Scifo L, Chicau Borrego C, Monteiro D, Matosic D, Feka K, Bianco A, Alesi M. Sport Intervention Programs (SIPs) to Improve Health and Social Inclusion in People with Intellectual Disabilities: A Systematic Review. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2019; 4:jfmk4030057. [PMID: 33467372 PMCID: PMC7739438 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk4030057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inactivity is a major issue that causes physical and psychological health problems, especially in people with intellectual disability (ID). This review discusses the beneficial effects of sport intervention programs (SIPs) in people with ID, and aims to provide an overview of the scientific literature in order to identify the main factors influencing the participation of people with ID in SIPs. Twelve papers were analyzed and compared. The results show a large variety in examined SIPs, concerning participants' age and disability, intervention characteristics and context, as well as measures and findings. The main factors essential for people with ID partaking in SIPs appeared to be suitable places for the SIP development, adequate implementation of physical activity (PA) programs in school and extra-school contexts, education, and the training of teachers and instructors. The literature review highlights the relevance of using SIPs in order to improve physical and psychological health, as well as increase social inclusion in populations with ID. SIPs should be included in multifactor intervention programs. Nevertheless, the need is recognized for stakeholders to adopt specific practice and policy in promoting social inclusion in order to organize intervention strategies which are able to provide quality experiences in sport and physical activity for people with ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Scifo
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, IT, V.le delle Scienze Edificio 15, 90100 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Carla Chicau Borrego
- Escola Superior de Rio Maior, CIEQV, Av. Mário Soares, 2040-413 Rio Marior, Portugal
| | - Diogo Monteiro
- Escola Superior de Desporto de Rio Maior (ESDRM-IPSantarem), Centro de Investigação em Desporto, Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano (CIDESD), 2040-413 Rio Marior, PORTUGAL
| | - Doris Matosic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Teslina 6, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Kaltrina Feka
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, IT, V.le delle Scienze Edificio 15, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Bianco
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, IT, V.le delle Scienze Edificio 15, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Marianna Alesi
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, IT, V.le delle Scienze Edificio 15, 90100 Palermo, Italy
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Ringenbach SDR, Holzapfel SD, Mulvey GM, Jimenez A, Benson A, Richter M. The effects of assisted cycling therapy (ACT) and voluntary cycling on reaction time and measures of executive function in adolescents with Down syndrome. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2016; 60:1073-1085. [PMID: 27018305 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reports of positive effects of aerobic exercise on cognitive function in persons with Down syndrome are extremely limited. However, a novel exercise intervention, termed assisted cycling therapy (ACT), has resulted in acutely improved cognitive planning ability and reaction times as well as improved cognitive planning after 8 weeks of ACT in adolescents and young adults with Down syndrome. Here, we report the effects of 8 weeks of ACT on reaction time, set-shifting, inhibition and language fluency in adolescents with Down syndrome. METHODS Adolescents with Down syndrome (age: ~18 years) were randomly assigned to 8 weeks of ACT (n = 17) or voluntary cycling (VC: n = 16), and a convenience sample (n = 11) was assigned to be an inactive comparison group (NC: n = 11). During ACT, the cycling cadence of the participants was augmented to an average cadence that was 80% faster than the voluntary cadence of the VC group. The increase in cadence was achieved with an electric motor in the stationary bicycle. Reaction time, set-shifting, inhibition and language fluency were assessed before and after 8 weeks of intervention. RESULTS Power output and heart rates of the ACT and VC groups were almost identical, but the ACT cadence was significantly faster. The ACT group, but not the VC or NC groups, showed significantly improved reactions times (Hedges' g = -0.42) and inhibitory control (g = 0.18). Only the VC group showed improved set-shifting ability (g = 0.57). The ACT and VC groups displayed improved semantic language fluency (g = 0.25, g = 0.22, respectively). DISCUSSIONS These and previous results support the hypothesis of increased neuroplasticity and prefrontal cortex function following ACT and, to a smaller extent, following VC. Both ACT and VC appear to be associated with cortical benefits, but based on current and previous results, ACT seems to maximize the benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D R Ringenbach
- School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - S D Holzapfel
- School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
| | - G M Mulvey
- School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - A Jimenez
- School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - A Benson
- School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - M Richter
- School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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Robertson J, Hatton C, Baines S, Emerson E. Systematic Reviews of the Health or Health care of People with Intellectual Disabilities: A Systematic Review to Identify Gaps in the Evidence Base. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2015; 28:455-523. [DOI: 10.1111/jar.12149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Janet Robertson
- Centre for Disability Research; Division of Health Research; Lancaster University; Lancaster UK
| | - Chris Hatton
- Centre for Disability Research; Division of Health Research; Lancaster University; Lancaster UK
| | - Susannah Baines
- Centre for Disability Research; Division of Health Research; Lancaster University; Lancaster UK
| | - Eric Emerson
- Centre for Disability Research; Division of Health Research; Lancaster University; Lancaster UK
- Centre for Disability Research and Policy; University of Sydney; Sydney NSW Australia
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Shin IS, Park EY. Meta-analysis of the effect of exercise programs for individuals with intellectual disabilities. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2012; 33:1937-1947. [PMID: 22728605 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2012.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of physical exercise programs on individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID). This meta-analysis analyzed 67 effect sizes and 14 studies and calculated the standardized mean difference in effect size. The unit of analysis for overall effects was the study, and the sub-group analysis focused on effect size using a random effects model. The effect size of exercise programs was positive with a 0.41 standard deviation. The professional/scholastic measure was the most effective program, whereas the biometric and body composition effects were trivial. This study showed that short-duration exercise programs were more effective than those of longer duration, and an exercise program that runs 4 times per week had a better effect than one that runs 3 times per week. The most effective length of session for exercise was 31-60 min, and exercise was more effective for older people than for younger people. Amidst a growing variety of studies of physical exercise programs for individuals with ID, this meta-analysis indicated the present status and future direction of studies on physical exercise programs for individuals with ID. The limitations and implications for practice and theory were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Soo Shin
- Department of Secondary Special Education, College of Education, Jeonju University, PO Box 560-759, 45 Baengma-gil, Wansan-gu, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
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