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Aydin C, Aytekin Ozdemir A, Kahveci H. The Effect of Supplemental Feeding Tube Device on Time to Transition to Exclusive Breastfeeding and Discharge: A Randomized Controlled Trial with Preterm Infants. Breastfeed Med 2024; 19:707-714. [PMID: 38904090 DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2024.0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Aim: This study investigated the effect of supplemental feeding tube device (SFTD) method on time to transition to exclusive breastfeeding and discharge time in preterm infants. Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted in the neonatal intensive care unit of a public hospital in Turkey (Clinical Trial Number: NCT05815706). The sample consisted of 65 preterm infants randomized into a control (n = 32) and an experimental (n = 33) group. The experimental group participants were SFTD-fed until they switched to exclusive breastfeeding. The control group participants were fed according to the routine procedure. Data were collected using a questionnaire, a Preterm Infant Monitoring Form, and the LATCH Breastfeeding Assessment Tool. The data were analyzed using numbers, percentage distributions, means, standard deviations, Pearson's chi-square test, and independent samples t-test. The study was approved by an Ethics Committee. Permission was obtained from the hospital. Informed consent was obtained from all parents. Results: The experimental group (123.64 ± 63.25 hours) demonstrated an earlier transition to exclusive breastfeeding compared with the control group (187.50 ± 95.30 hours) (p < 0.05). The experimental group (361.45 ± 110.46 hours) had significantly shorter hospital stays than the control group (479.25 ± 163.17 hours). The experimental group (35.33 ± 1.14 weeks) had a significantly younger gestational age at discharge than the control group (35.97 ± 1.03 weeks). Conclusion: The SFTD is an alternate supportive feeding method that helps preterm infants switch to exclusive breastfeeding sooner, have shorter hospital stays, and have a younger gestational age at discharge than their bottle-fed counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciler Aydin
- Clinics of Neonatology, İzmir Katip Çelebi University Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Aynur Aytekin Ozdemir
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hasan Kahveci
- Clinics of Neonatology, Erzurum City Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
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Allen E, Rumbold AR, Keir A, Collins CT, Gillis J, Suganuma H. Avoidance of bottles during the establishment of breastfeeds in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021; 10:CD005252. [PMID: 34671969 PMCID: PMC8529385 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd005252.pub5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm infants often start milk feeds by gavage tube. As they mature, sucking feeds are gradually introduced. Women with preterm infants may not always be in hospital to breastfeed their baby and need an alternative approach to feeding. Most commonly, milk (expressed breast milk or formula) is given by bottle. Whether using bottles during establishment of breastfeeds is detrimental to breastfeeding success is a topic of ongoing debate. OBJECTIVES To identify the effects of avoidance of bottle feeds during establishment of breastfeeding on the likelihood of successful breastfeeding, and to assess the safety of alternatives to bottle feeds. SEARCH METHODS A new search strategy was developed for this update. Searches were conducted without date or language limits in September 2021 in: MEDLINE, CENTRAL, and CINAHL. We also searched the ISRCTN trial registry and the reference lists of retrieved articles for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included RCTs and quasi-RCTs comparing avoidance of bottles with use of bottles for preterm infants where their mothers planned to breastfeed. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. When appropriate, we contacted study authors for additional information. We used the GRADE approach to assess the certainty of evidence. Outcomes included full breastfeeding and any breastfeeding on discharge home and at three and six months after discharge, as well as length of hospital stay and episodes of infant infection. We synthesised data using risk ratios (RR), risk differences (RD) and mean differences (MD), with 95% confidence intervals (CI). We used the GRADE approach to assess the certainty of the evidence. MAIN RESULTS We included seven trials with 1152 preterm infants in this updated review. There are three studies awaiting classification. Five included studies used a cup feeding strategy, one used a tube feeding strategy and one used a novel teat when supplements to breastfeeds were needed. We included the novel teat study in this review as the teat was designed to closely mimic the sucking action of breastfeeding. The trials were of small to moderate size, and two had high risk of attrition bias. Adherence with cup feeding was poor in one of the studies, indicating dissatisfaction with this method by staff or parents (or both); the remaining four cup feeding studies provided no such reports of dissatisfaction or low adherence. Avoiding bottles may increase the extent of full breastfeeding on discharge home (RR 1.47, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.80; 6 studies, 1074 infants; low-certainty evidence), and probably increases any breastfeeding (full and partial combined) on discharge (RR 1.11, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.16; studies, 1138 infants; moderate-certainty evidence). Avoiding bottles probably increases the occurrence of full breastfeeding three months after discharge (RR 1.56, 95% CI 1.37 to 1.78; 4 studies, 986 infants; moderate-certainty evidence), and may also increase full breastfeeding six months after discharge (RR 1.64, 95% CI 1.14 to 2.36; 3 studies, 887 infants; low-certainty evidence). Avoiding bottles may increase the occurrence of any breastfeeding (full and partial combined) three months after discharge (RR 1.31, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.71; 5 studies, 1063 infants; low-certainty evidence), and six months after discharge (RR 1.25, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.41; 3 studies, 886 infants; low-certainty evidence). The effects on breastfeeding outcomes were evident at all time points for the tube alone strategy and for all except any breastfeeding three months after discharge for cup feeding, but were not present for the novel teat. There were no other benefits or harms including for length of hospital stay (MD 2.25 days, 95% CI -3.36 to 7.86; 4 studies, 1004 infants; low-certainty evidence) or episodes of infection per infant (RR 0.70, 95% CI 0.35 to 1.42; 3 studies, 500 infants; low-certainty evidence). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Avoiding the use of bottles when preterm infants need supplementary feeds probably increases the extent of any breastfeeding at discharge, and may improve any and full breastfeeding (exclusive) up to six months postdischarge. Most of the evidence demonstrating benefit was for cup feeding. Only one study used a tube feeding strategy. We are uncertain whether a tube alone approach to supplementing breastfeeds improves breastfeeding outcomes; further studies of high certainty are needed to determine this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Allen
- Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, Australia
| | - Alice R Rumbold
- SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Amy Keir
- Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, Australia
- SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, North Adelaide, Australia
| | - Carmel T Collins
- SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jennifer Gillis
- Special Care Baby Unit, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, Australia
| | - Hiroki Suganuma
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Cabrera-Lafuente M, Alonso-Díaz C, Moral Pumarega MT, Díaz-Almirón M, Haiek LN, Maastrup R, Pallás-Alonso C. [Breastfeeding practices in neonatal wards in Spain. Neo-BFHI international survey]. An Pediatr (Barc) 2021; 96:S1695-4033(21)00178-8. [PMID: 34045162 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2021.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In 2017, a worldwide survey was conducted on compliance with the practices promoted by Neo-BFHI (Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative expansion to neonatal wards). OBJECTIVE Present the results of the Spanish wards that participated in the global survey and compare them with those obtained internationally. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cross-sectional study through a survey on compliance with the Neo-BFHI ("Three basic principles", "Ten steps adapted to neonatal wards" and "the compliance with the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes" and subsequent relevant World Health Assembly resolutions). Compliance was calculated as the mean in each indicator and a final mean score for each neonatal unit. For the partial and final scores for each country and at the international level, the median was used. All score ranged between 0 and 100. RESULTS The response rate in Spain was 90%. The range of the national mean for neonatal wards were from 37 to 99, with no differences in the final score according to the level of care. The global score for Spain (72) is below the international median (77) and this also occurs in 8 of 14 items. The neonatal wards from BFHI designated hospitals, obtained a significantly higher mean global score, and in 9 of 14 items than the non-accredited ones. CONCLUSIONS Both international and national results indicate an improvement in breastfeeding practices in neonatal units. The benefits of the BFHI accreditation of maternity reach neonatal wards. Spain has several key points below the international score.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clara Alonso-Díaz
- Servicio de Neonatología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, España
| | | | - Mariana Díaz-Almirón
- Sección de Bioestadística, IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, España
| | - Laura N Haiek
- Ministère de la Santé et des Services sociaux, Direction générale de la santé publique, Quebec, Canadá; McGill University, Department of Family Medicine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ragnhild Maastrup
- Department of Neonatology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Department of Neonatology, Blegdamsvej, Dinamarca
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Rana R, McGrath M, Gupta P, Thakur E, Kerac M. Feeding Interventions for Infants with Growth Failure in the First Six Months of Life: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2044. [PMID: 32660020 PMCID: PMC7400880 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Introduction: Current evidence on managing infants under six months with growth failure or other nutrition-related risk is sparse and low quality. This review aims to inform research priorities to fill this evidence gap, focusing on breastfeeding practices. (2) Methods: We searched PubMed, CINAHL Plus, and Cochrane Library for studies on feeding interventions that aim to restore or improve the volume or quality of breastmilk and breastfeeding when breastfeeding practices are sub-optimal or prematurely stopped. We included studies from both low- and middle-income countries and high-income countries. (3) Results: Forty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Most were from high-income countries (n = 35, 74.5%) and included infants who were at risk of growth failure at birth (preterm infants/small for gestational age) and newborns with early growth faltering. Interventions included formula fortification or supplementation (n = 31, 66%), enteral feeds (n = 8, 17%), cup feeding (n = 2, 4.2%), and other (n = 6, 12.8%). Outcomes included anthropometric change (n = 40, 85.1%), reported feeding practices (n = 16, 34%), morbidity (n = 11, 23.4%), and mortality (n = 5, 10.6%). Of 31 studies that assessed formula fortification or supplementation, 30 reported anthropometric changes (n = 17 no effect, n = 9 positive, n = 4 mixed), seven morbidity (n = 3 no effect, n = 2 positive, n = 2 negative), five feeding (n = 2 positive, n = 2 no effect, n = 1 negative), and four mortality (n = 3 no effect, n = 1 negative). Of eight studies that assessed enteral feed interventions, seven reported anthropometric changes (n = 4 positive, n = 3 no effect), five feeding practices (n = 2 positive, n = 2 no effect, n = 1 negative), four morbidity (n = 4 no effect), and one reported mortality (n = 1 no effect). Overall, interventions with positive effects on feeding practices were cup feeding compared to bottle-feeding among preterm; nasogastric tube feed compared to bottle-feeding among low birth weight preterm; and early progressive feeding compared to delayed feeding among extremely low birth weight preterm. Bovine/cow milk feeding and high volume feeding interventions had an unfavourable effect, while electric breast pump and Galactagogue had a mixed effect. Regarding anthropometric outcomes, overall, macronutrient fortified formula, cream supplementation, and fortified human milk formula had a positive effect (weight gain) on preterm infants. Interventions comparing human breastmilk/donor milk with formula had mixed effects. Overall, only human milk compared to formula intervention had a positive effect on morbidity among preterm infants, while none of the interventions had any positive effect on mortality. Bovine/cow milk supplementation had unfavourable effects on both morbidity and mortality. (4) Conclusion: Future research should prioritise low- and middle-income countries, include infants presenting with growth failure in the post-neonatal period and record effects on morbidity and mortality outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Rana
- Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382042, India; (P.G.); (E.T.)
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK;
- Nutrition Research Advisor (MAMI), GOAL Global, A96 C7W7 Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Paridhi Gupta
- Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382042, India; (P.G.); (E.T.)
| | - Ekta Thakur
- Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382042, India; (P.G.); (E.T.)
| | - Marko Kerac
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK;
- Centre for Maternal, Adolescent, Reproductive & Child Health (MARCH), London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
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5
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Palmér L, Ericson J. A qualitative study on the breastfeeding experience of mothers of preterm infants in the first 12 months after birth. Int Breastfeed J 2019; 14:35. [PMID: 31388343 PMCID: PMC6670148 DOI: 10.1186/s13006-019-0229-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Being a mother of a preterm infant (< 37 gestational weeks) puts the mother in a vulnerable and fragile situation wherein breastfeeding is an important part of becoming a mother and bonding with the infant. Nevertheless, the breastfeeding experience of mothers during the first year after a preterm birth has not been well studied. To develop professional caring and supporting relationships, it is important to address this knowledge gap. The aim of this study was to describe the breastfeeding experience of mothers of preterm infants from birth up until 12 months after birth. Methods The data in this qualitative study are derived from a multicentre randomized controlled trial where 270 mothers of preterm infants provided 496 written comments through questionnaires containing open-ended questions. The questionnaires were sent to the mother three times during the first 12 months after birth. A thematic network analysis based on hermeneutical philosophy was used to analyse and interpret the resulting data to describe the mothers’ experiences of breastfeeding. Results Three organizing themes, namely, “navigating smoothly,” “navigating with a struggle” and “navigating in ambiguity” were revealed in the mothers’ narratives regarding their breastfeeding experiences during the first 12 months after birth. These organizing themes were further interpreted as one global theme that was deemed “A journey to finding one’s unique way in breastfeeding.” Conclusion Mothers of preterm infants are in an exposed and vulnerable situation when initiating breastfeeding during the first year. This situation leads to a unique journey wherein each mother navigates through breastfeeding depending on her individual situation. An awareness of the diversity of breastfeeding experiences may contribute to the provision of professional caring and supportive relationships. Trial registration www.clinicaltrial.gov NCT01806480 registered 7 March 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Palmér
- 1Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden
| | - Jenny Ericson
- 2School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden.,3Center for Clinical Research Dalarna, Uppsala University, Falun, Sweden.,4Department of Pediatrics, Falu Hospital, Falun, Sweden
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6
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Perrella SL, Nancarrow K, Trevenen M, Murray K, Geddes DT, Simmer KN. Effect of vacuum-release teat versus standard teat use on feeding milestones and breastfeeding outcomes in very preterm infants: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214091. [PMID: 30901356 PMCID: PMC6430377 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Breast milk is important to infant health, yet shorter breastfeeding duration is reported for preterm infants. Both breast and bottle feeds are given in the neonatal unit, with full oral feeding often the last milestone to be achieved prior to discharge home. Unlike standard bottle teats, a vacuum release teat requires the application of negative intra-oral pressure to release milk, and so may facilitate breastfeeding in preterm infants. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of vacuum release teat use on timing of achievement of the first full oral feed and on first completion of 24 h full oral feeds. Feeding method at discharge home, 2 weeks, 6 weeks and 12 weeks corrected gestational age were also examined. Methods A randomized controlled trial was completed with mothers of preterm infants born 24–33 weeks gestation in the neonatal unit of a tertiary women’s hospital. Infants were randomized to one of two parallel groups using a vacuum release teat or standard teat for oral feeds when the mother was not available to breastfeed. Test weights were completed for all oral feeds. It was not possible to blind participants, care givers and outcome assessors to group assignment due to the nature of the study. Results The groups did not differ with regard to timing of achievement of first full oral feed or 24 h of full oral feeds. Significantly more infants in the vacuum release teat group were exclusively fed breast milk at discharge from hospital and breastfed at 3 months corrected gestational age. Conclusions Use of a vacuum release teat when the mother is not available to breastfeed may promote preterm breastfeeding skills, resulting in higher rates of exclusivity and longer breastfeeding duration. Trial registration The trial is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12615000245594.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Lisa Perrella
- School of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Kathryn Nancarrow
- Neonatology Clinical Care Unit, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Michelle Trevenen
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kevin Murray
- School of Population and Global Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Donna Tracy Geddes
- School of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Karen Norrie Simmer
- Neonatology Clinical Care Unit, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Neonatal Research and Education, School of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
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7
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Kültürsay N, Bilgen H, Türkyılmaz C. Turkish Neonatal Society guideline on enteral feeding of the preterm infant. TURK PEDIATRI ARSIVI 2018; 53:S109-S118. [PMID: 31236024 PMCID: PMC6568297 DOI: 10.5152/turkpediatriars.2018.01811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Early initiation of enteral feeding with the own mother's milk and prevention of postnatal growth failure is the target of nutrition in preterm infants. Together with total parenteral nutrition, mouth care and minimal enteral nutrition is started with colostrum in the very early hours of life in small preterm infants. Expressed mother's milk is given via a gastric tube and gradually increased in accordance with the gestational age/birth weight and the risk factors. For infants born heavier than 1 000 grams, the aim is to reach total enteral feeding at the end of first week, and at the end of the second week for infants weighing less than 1000 grams. Supporting mothers in milk expression and kangaroo mother care, promoting non-nutritive feeding, appropriate fortification of mother' milk, and initiating and advancing breastfeeding as soon as the infant is ready are all crucial. Donor mother milk, and as a second choice, preterm formula is advised if the mother's milk is not available. Individualized post-discharge nutrition decisions can be taken in accordance with the actual growth at the time of discharge. The goal is optimal neurodevelopmental achievement together with the prevention of long-term metabolic problems. Late preterm infants, which constitute the majority of preterm infants, also need close nutritional attention and follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilgün Kültürsay
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Hülya Bilgen
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University, Faculty of Medicine, Pendik Research and Training Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Canan Türkyılmaz
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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8
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Ericson J, Eriksson M, Hoddinott P, Hellström-Westas L, Flacking R. Breastfeeding and risk for ceasing in mothers of preterm infants-Long-term follow-up. MATERNAL AND CHILD NUTRITION 2018; 14:e12618. [PMID: 29733102 PMCID: PMC6175451 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Breastfeeding is challenging for mothers of preterm infants. The aim of this paper is to describe risk factors for ceasing breastfeeding and methods of feeding until 12 months postnatal age in mothers who breastfed their preterm infants at discharge from neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). The data come from a randomised controlled trial, which evaluated the effectiveness on exclusive breastfeeding at 8 weeks of proactive telephone support compared with reactive support offered to mothers of preterm infants following discharge from NICU. Six NICUs across Sweden randomised a total of 493 mothers. We used regression and survival analyses to assess the risk factors for ceasing breastfeeding and the long‐term outcomes of the intervention. The results showed that 305 (64%) of the infants were breastfed at 6 months and 49 (21%) at 12 months. Partial breastfeeding at discharge, low maternal educational level, and longer length of stay in the NICU increased the risk for ceasing breastfeeding during the first 12 months. Furthermore, the Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that the proportion of mothers who ceased breastfeeding did not differ between the intervention (n = 231) and controls (n = 262) during the first 12 months (log‐rank test p = .68). No difference was found between groups on method of feeding. More than 85% of the infants were fed directly at the breast. These findings provide important insights for health professionals who are supporting mothers of preterm infants to breastfeed long term. Registered in http://www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01806480).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Ericson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Centre for Clinical Research Dalarna, Falun, Sweden.,Department of Paediatrics, Falu Hospital, Falun, Sweden.,School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden
| | - Mats Eriksson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Pat Hoddinott
- Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Professionals Research Unit, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | | | - Renée Flacking
- School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden
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Pineda R, Luong A, Ryckman J, Smith J. Pacifier use in newborns: related to socioeconomic status but not to early feeding performance. Acta Paediatr 2018; 107:806-810. [PMID: 29385281 DOI: 10.1111/apa.14253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Mothers are often advised not to use pacifiers until breastfeeding has been well-established. This study determined the infant and social factors that were related to pacifier use during the first few days of life and whether it led to alterations in feeding performance. METHODS We enroled 51 full-term infants and their mothers at Barnes-Jewish Hospital in urban St. Louis, USA, in 2015. Before they were discharged the mothers completed a questionnaire, and infant feeding was assessed using a standardised assessment. RESULTS There were 24 (47%) infants who used a pacifier during the first few days of life and seven (29%) of these were exclusively breastfed. Pacifier use was less common among mothers who exclusively breastfed (p = 0.04). Pacifier use was more common among mothers whose income was less than 25 000 US dollars (p = 0.02), who were single (p = 0.002) and who did not have a college education (p = 0.03). No associations between pacifier use and feeding performance were observed. CONCLUSION While lower socioeconomic status was related to pacifier use, feeding performance in the first few days of life was no different between those infants who did and did not use pacifiers after a full-term birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Pineda
- Program in Occupational Therapy; Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis MO USA
- Department of Pediatrics; Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis MO USA
| | - Anhthi Luong
- Program in Occupational Therapy; Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis MO USA
| | - Justin Ryckman
- Program in Occupational Therapy; Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis MO USA
| | - Joan Smith
- St. Louis Children's Hospital; St. Louis MO USA
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10
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Brumbaugh JE, Colaizy TT, Saha S, Van Meurs KP, Das A, Walsh MC, Bell EF. Oral feeding practices and discharge timing for moderately preterm infants. Early Hum Dev 2018; 120:46-52. [PMID: 29654994 PMCID: PMC5951763 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral feeding skills of moderately preterm infants are not mature at birth. AIMS To establish the relationship between postmenstrual age at introduction of first oral feeding and attainment of full oral feeding and hospital discharge for moderately preterm infants. STUDY DESIGN Multicenter retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort of moderately preterm infants admitted to a Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network hospital. SUBJECTS 6146 infants born at 29-33 weeks' gestation from January 2012 to November 2013. OUTCOME MEASURES Postmenstrual age at full oral feeding and at hospital discharge. RESULTS The median postmenstrual age at first oral feeding was 33.9 weeks (interquartile range 33.1-34.3). For each week earlier at first oral feeding, full oral feeding occurred 4.5 days earlier (p < 0.0001) and hospital stay was shortened by 3.4 days (p < 0.0001). Higher birth weight (p < 0.0001) and black maternal race (p = 0.0001) were associated with younger postmenstrual age at full oral feeding and at discharge. CONCLUSION Moderately preterm infants with earlier introduction of oral feeding achieved earlier full oral feeding and hospital discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane E Brumbaugh
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tarah T Colaizy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Shampa Saha
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Division, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Abhik Das
- Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Michele C Walsh
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Edward F Bell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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11
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Lewis J. Breast-Feeding Friendly, but Not Formula Averse. Pediatr Ann 2017; 46:e402-e408. [PMID: 29131919 DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20171019-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Breast-feeding is the optimal source of newborn nutrition in term infants and is associated with multiple short- and long-term health benefits. Establishment of breast-feeding may be difficult in a small subset of mothers, which can lead to adverse consequences in the newborn. Some of the consequences of suboptimal nutritional provision to the newborn, such as severe hyperbilirubinemia and breast-feeding-associated hypernatremic dehydration, can have devastating and long-lasting sequelae. Timely identification of mothers and newborns at risk for developing these complications is necessary to avoid significant morbidity and mortality. In these cases, the judicious use of formula supplementation may be considered. However, more studies are necessary to develop comprehensive formula supplementation criteria and guidelines for pediatric medical providers. [Pediatr Ann. 2017;46(11):e402-e408.].
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