Oral contraceptives for functional ovarian cysts

Ovarian tumors in the pediatric population: An update

Research reveals that 1% of neoplasms in females under 17 years of age are ovarian neoplasms and though usually benign, malignant tumors may occur in the pediatric age group. This review considers various current concepts of these tumors including the epidemiology, risk factors, clinical presentations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and treatment options including the need to provide fertility-sparing surgery as well as their potential impacts on the psychological well-being of children and adolescents. We gathered data from the published articles ranging from studies, meta-analyses, retrospective studies, and reviews. We focused on the articles published in English between January 1, 2000, and August 31, 2023. Only a few articles published prior to 2000 were included for historical perspective.

Pelvic masses

Pelvic masses develop commonly in women of all ages and states of health. Despite the variety of masses that exist, general guidelines for diagnosis and management allow most masses to be treated in a generalist setting. This article is intended to guide non-obstetric and non-gynecologic physicians through diagnosis and treatment of nonmalignant pelvic masses. It includes information on physical examination, appropriate imaging techniques, laboratory tests, and variations in treatment for adolescents and pre- and postmenopausal women. It also addresses referral guidelines for suspected malignant masses.

Benign disorders of the ovary

Most ovarian disorders are benign, with the majority being functional ovarian cysts and benign neoplasms. Imaging can often aid in diagnosis and risk assessment. Benign ovarian disorders are frequently incidental findings, but they may cause symptoms from hormonal overproduction, mass effects, or torsion. In addition to symptoms, any ovarian abnormality can raise the specter of malignancy. Knowledge of the cause, presentation, and natural history of these benign ovarian disorders helps providers counsel and treat patients appropriately.