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Tang J, Xia J, Sheng H, Lin J. Identification and Development of Synovial B-Cell-Related Genes Diagnostic Signature for Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Immunol Res 2023; 2023:9422990. [PMID: 38046263 PMCID: PMC10693468 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9422990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the study was to investigate the landscape of B-cell-related gene expression profiling in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovium and explore the biological and clinical significance of these genes in RA. Methods Expression profiling of synovial biopsies from subjects with 152 RA patients, 22 osteoarthritis (OA) patients, and 28 healthy controls was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was performed to evaluate the abundance of infiltrated immune cells, and the results were validated using immunohistochemical staining. GSEA was employed to decipher differences in B-cell-related biological pathways. B-cell-related differential expression genes (BRDEGs) were screened, and BRDEGs-based model was developed by machine learning algorithms and evaluated by an external validation set and clinical RA cohort, then biological functions were further analyzed. Results High levels of immune cell infiltration and B-cell-related pathway activation were revealed in RA synovium. BRDEGs were screened, and three key molecular markers consisting of FAS, GPR183, and TFRC were identified. The diagnosis model was established, and these gene markers have good discriminative ability for RA. Molecular pathological evaluation confirmed RA patients with high-risk scores presented higher levels of B-cell activation and RA characteristics. In addition, a competitive endogenous RNA network was established to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the posttranscriptional network. Conclusions We described the B-cell-related molecular landscape of RA synovium and constructed a molecular diagnostic model in RA. The three genes FAS, GPR183, and TFRC may be potential targets for clinical diagnosis and immunoregulatory therapy of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifeng Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinfang Xia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huiming Sheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinpiao Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Nowell WB, Curtis JR, Zhao H, Xie F, Stradford L, Curtis D, Gavigan K, Boles J, Clinton C, Lipkovich I, Venkatachalam S, Calvin A, Hayes VS. Participant Engagement and Adherence to Providing Smartwatch and Patient-Reported Outcome Data: Digital Tracking of Rheumatoid Arthritis Longitudinally (DIGITAL) Real-World Study. JMIR Hum Factors 2023; 10:e44034. [PMID: 37934559 PMCID: PMC10664008 DOI: 10.2196/44034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digital health studies using electronic patient-reported outcomes (ePROs) and wearables bring new challenges, including the need for participants to consistently provide trial data. OBJECTIVE This study aims to characterize the engagement, protocol adherence, and data completeness among participants with rheumatoid arthritis enrolled in the Digital Tracking of Arthritis Longitudinally (DIGITAL) study. METHODS Participants were invited to participate in this app-based study, which included a 14-day run-in and an 84-day main study. In the run-in period, data were collected via the ArthritisPower mobile app to increase app familiarity and identify the individuals who were motivated to participate. Successful completers of the run-in period were mailed a wearable smartwatch, and automated and manual prompts were sent to participants, reminding them to complete app input or regularly wear and synchronize devices, respectively, during the main study. Study coordinators monitored participant data and contacted participants via email, SMS text messaging, and phone to resolve adherence issues per a priori rules, in which consecutive spans of missing data triggered participant contact. Adherence to data collection during the main study period was defined as providing requested data for >70% of 84 days (daily ePRO, ≥80% daily smartwatch data) or at least 9 of 12 weeks (weekly ePRO). RESULTS Of the 470 participants expressing initial interest, 278 (59.1%) completed the run-in period and qualified for the main study. Over the 12-week main study period, 87.4% (243/278) of participants met the definition of adherence to protocol-specified data collection for weekly ePRO, and 57.2% (159/278) did so for daily ePRO. For smartwatch data, 81.7% (227/278) of the participants adhered to the protocol-specified data collection. In total, 52.9% (147/278) of the participants met composite adherence. CONCLUSIONS Compared with other digital health rheumatoid arthritis studies, a short run-in period appears useful for identifying participants likely to engage in a study that collects data via a mobile app and wearables and gives participants time to acclimate to study requirements. Automated or manual prompts (ie, "It's time to sync your smartwatch") may be necessary to optimize adherence. Adherence varies by data collection type (eg, ePRO vs smartwatch data). INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) RR2-10.2196/14665.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B Nowell
- Global Healthy Living Foundation, Upper Nyack, NY, United States
| | - Jeffrey R Curtis
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Hong Zhao
- Kirklin Solutions, Hoover, AL, United States
| | - Fenglong Xie
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Laura Stradford
- Global Healthy Living Foundation, Upper Nyack, NY, United States
| | - David Curtis
- Global Healthy Living Foundation, Upper Nyack, NY, United States
| | - Kelly Gavigan
- Global Healthy Living Foundation, Upper Nyack, NY, United States
| | | | - Cassie Clinton
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | | | | | - Amy Calvin
- Medidata Solutions, Inc, New York, NY, United States
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Gagliardi A, Iaquinta FS, Grembiale RD, De Sarro C, Fabiano A, Fraija D, Palleria C, Romeo R, De Francesco AE, Naturale MD, Citraro R, Gallelli L, Leo A, De Sarro G. Real-World Safety Profile of Biologics Used in Rheumatology: A Six-Year Observational Pharmacovigilance Study in the Calabria Region. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2328. [PMID: 36365146 PMCID: PMC9697719 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The introduction of biological agents into the clinical armamentarium has modified the management of moderate-severe inflammatory arthritis (IA). However, these drugs can lead to serious adverse events (SAEs) and unpredictable adverse events (AEs) that are difficult to detect in pre-marketing clinical trials. This pharmacovigilance project aimed to study the AEs associated with biologics use in rheumatology. Methods: The current investigation is a multicenter, prospective, observational cohort study based on the Calabria Biologics Pharmacovigilance Program. Patients treated with one biologic agent from January 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled. Results: Overall, 729 (86.3%) of a total of 872 patients did not develop AEs or SAEs, whereas 143 (16.4%) patients experienced at least one AE, of which 16 (1.8%) had at least one SAE. The most common AEs were administration site conditions followed by gastrointestinal, nervous system and skin disorders. We reported a total of 173 switches and 156 swaps. Switches mainly occurred for inefficacy (136; 77.7%), whereas only 39 (22.3%) were due to the onset of an AE. Primary/secondary failure was the most frequent reason for swaps (124, 79%), while AEs onset led to 33 (21%) swaps. Conclusions: This study supports the validity of our program in monitoring and detecting AEs in the rheumatological area, confirming the positive beneficial/risk ratio of biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnese Gagliardi
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Surgery, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Salvatore Iaquinta
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Surgery, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosa Daniela Grembiale
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Surgery, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Caterina De Sarro
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Surgery, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Fabiano
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Surgery, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Domenico Fraija
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Surgery, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Caterina Palleria
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Surgery, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rossella Romeo
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Surgery, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | | | - Rita Citraro
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Surgery, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- System and Applied Pharmacology@University Magna Grecia (FAS@UMG) Research Center, Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Luca Gallelli
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Surgery, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- System and Applied Pharmacology@University Magna Grecia (FAS@UMG) Research Center, Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Leo
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Surgery, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- System and Applied Pharmacology@University Magna Grecia (FAS@UMG) Research Center, Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giovambattista De Sarro
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Surgery, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- System and Applied Pharmacology@University Magna Grecia (FAS@UMG) Research Center, Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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Narayanan E, Falcone S, Elbashir SM, Attarwala H, Hassett K, Seaman MS, Carfi A, Himansu S. Rational Design and In Vivo Characterization of mRNA-Encoded Broadly Neutralizing Antibody Combinations against HIV-1. Antibodies (Basel) 2022; 11:67. [PMID: 36412833 PMCID: PMC9680504 DOI: 10.3390/antib11040067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies have been used successfully as recombinant protein therapy; however, for HIV, multiple broadly neutralizing antibodies may be necessary. We used the mRNA-LNP platform for in vivo co-expression of 3 broadly neutralizing antibodies, PGDM1400, PGT121, and N6, directed against the HIV-1 envelope protein. mRNA-encoded HIV-1 antibodies were engineered as single-chain Fc (scFv-Fc) to overcome heavy- and light-chain mismatch. In vitro neutralization breadth and potency of the constructs were compared to their parental IgG form. We assessed the ability of these scFv-Fcs to be expressed individually and in combination in vivo, and neutralization and pharmacokinetics were compared to the corresponding full-length IgGs. Single-chain PGDM1400 and PGT121 exhibited neutralization potency comparable to parental IgG, achieving peak systemic concentrations ≥ 30.81 μg/mL in mice; full-length N6 IgG achieved a peak concentration of 974 μg/mL, but did not tolerate single-chain conversion. The mRNA combination encoding full-length N6 IgG and single-chain PGDM1400 and PGT121 was efficiently expressed in mice, achieving high systemic concentration and desired neutralization potency. Analysis of mice sera demonstrated each antibody contributed towards neutralization of multiple HIV-1 pseudoviruses. Together, these data show that the mRNA-LNP platform provides a promising approach for antibody-based HIV treatment and is well-suited for development of combination therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael S. Seaman
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Chaganti S, Hannaford A, Vucic S. Rituximab in chronic immune mediated neuropathies: a systematic review. Neuromuscul Disord 2022; 32:621-627. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2022.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Raices Cruz I, Troffaes MCM, Lindström J, Sahlin U. A robust Bayesian bias-adjusted random effects model for consideration of uncertainty about bias terms in evidence synthesis. Stat Med 2022; 41:3365-3379. [PMID: 35487762 PMCID: PMC9544319 DOI: 10.1002/sim.9422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Meta‐analysis is a statistical method used in evidence synthesis for combining, analyzing and summarizing studies that have the same target endpoint and aims to derive a pooled quantitative estimate using fixed and random effects models or network models. Differences among included studies depend on variations in target populations (ie, heterogeneity) and variations in study quality due to study design and execution (ie, bias). The risk of bias is usually assessed qualitatively using critical appraisal, and quantitative bias analysis can be used to evaluate the influence of bias on the quantity of interest. We propose a way to consider ignorance or ambiguity in how to quantify bias terms in a bias analysis by characterizing bias with imprecision (as bounds on probability) and use robust Bayesian analysis to estimate the overall effect. Robust Bayesian analysis is here seen as Bayesian updating performed over a set of coherent probability distributions, where the set emerges from a set of bias terms. We show how the set of bias terms can be specified based on judgments on the relative magnitude of biases (ie, low, unclear, and high risk of bias) in one or several domains of the Cochrane's risk of bias table. For illustration, we apply a robust Bayesian bias‐adjusted random effects model to an already published meta‐analysis on the effect of Rituximab for rheumatoid arthritis from the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivette Raices Cruz
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Johan Lindström
- Centre for Mathematical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ullrika Sahlin
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Mucke J, Simon HU, Rüdiger Burmester G. The Safety of Antirheumatic Drugs. DEUTSCHES ÄRZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 119. [PMCID: PMC9073170 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2022.0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Drug therapy for rheumatic diseases has changed fundamentally in recent decades with the introduction of many new agents. As these drugs may have to be taken for many years, and many of them are of similar efficacy, the safety profiles of the individual substances play an important role in therapeutic decision-making. Method This review is based on pertinent literature retrieved by a selective search on the safety profiles of selected antirheumatic drugs. Results Non-steroidal antirheumatic drugs, glucocorticoids, conventional disease-modifying drugs such as methotrexate, biological agents, and janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors are all used to treat rheumatic diseases. Register and trial data show that antirheumatic treatments are relatively safe. Infections, in particular, are much less common than initially expected. Cortisone administration is an exception because of its severe long-term sequelae. Biological agents are associated with severe infectious events at a rate of 4–5 events per 100 patient years. Screening before treatment with biological agents has been shown to lower the rate of tuberculosis from 564 to 95 cases per 100 000 patient years. JAK inhibitors have a good safety profile, with respect to infections as well, but there is evidence of their association with cardiovascular problems, malignancies, and thrombosis. Conclusion A suitable, safe antirheumatic drug can be chosen for each patient in consideration of individual risk profiles. Regular monitoring enables the early detection of adverse effects. The risk profile of JAK inhibitors, in particular, will be studied in further trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Mucke
- Policlinic and Hiller Research Unit for Rheumatology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern
- Institute of Biochemistry, Brandenburg Medical School, Neuruppin
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan University, Russia
| | - Gerd Rüdiger Burmester
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin und Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
- *Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Rheumatologie und Klinische Immunologie, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin und Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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Navrátilová A, Andrés Cerezo L, Hulejová H, Bečvář V, Tomčík M, Komarc M, Veigl D, Tegzová D, Závada J, Olejárová M, Pavelka K, Vencovský J, Šenolt L. IL-40: A New B Cell-Associated Cytokine Up-Regulated in Rheumatoid Arthritis Decreases Following the Rituximab Therapy and Correlates With Disease Activity, Autoantibodies, and NETosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:745523. [PMID: 34745117 PMCID: PMC8566875 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.745523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Interleukin 40 (IL-40) is a newly identified B cell-associated cytokine implicated in humoral immune responses and B cell homeostasis. As B cells play a pivotal role in autoimmunity, we investigated the function of IL-40 in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods IL-40 expression was determined in the synovial tissue from RA and osteoarthritis (OA) patients. IL-40 was analysed in the serum/synovial fluid of patients with RA (n=50), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, n=69), OA (n=44), and healthy controls (HC, n=50). We assessed the changes of IL-40 levels in RA patients following the B cell depletion by rituximab (n=29) or after the TNF inhibition by adalimumab (n=25). We examined the relationship between IL-40, disease activity, autoantibodies, cytokines, and NETosis markers. Effect of IL-40 on synovial fibroblasts was determined. Results IL-40 was overexpressed in RA synovial tissue, particularly by synovial lining and infiltrating immune cells. The levels of IL-40 were up-regulated in the synovial fluid of RA versus OA patients (p<0.0001). Similarly, IL-40 was increased in the serum of RA patients compared to HC, OA, or SLE (p<0.0001 for all) and decreased after 16 and 24 weeks (p<0.01 and p<0.01) following rituximab treatment. No significant effect of adalimumab on IL-40 was observed. IL-40 levels in RA patients correlated with rheumatoid factor-IgM and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptides (anti-CCP) in the serum (p<0.0001 and p<0.01), as well as in the synovial fluid (p<0.0001 and p<0.001). Synovial fluid IL-40 was also associated with disease activity score DAS28 (p<0.05), synovial fluid leukocyte count (p<0.01), neutrophil attractants IL-8 (p<0.01), MIP-1α (p<0.01), and markers of neutrophil extracellular traps externalization (NETosis) such as proteinase 3 (p<0.0001) and neutrophil elastase (p<0.0001). Synovial fibroblasts exposed to IL-40 increased the secretion of IL-8 (p<0.01), MCP-1 (p<0.05), and MMP-13 (p<0.01) compared to the unstimulated cells. Conclusions We show the up-regulation of IL-40 in RA and its decrease following B cell depleting therapy. The association of IL-40 with autoantibodies, chemokines, and markers of NETosis may imply its potential involvement in RA development. Moreover, IL-40 up-regulates the secretion of chemokines and MMP-13 in synovial fibroblasts, indicating its role in the regulation of inflammation and tissue destruction in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adela Navrátilová
- Department of Experimental Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Lucie Andrés Cerezo
- Department of Experimental Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Hana Hulejová
- Department of Experimental Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czechia
| | - Viktor Bečvář
- Department of Experimental Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czechia
| | - Michal Tomčík
- Department of Experimental Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martin Komarc
- Department of Methodology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - David Veigl
- First Orthopaedic Clinic, 1 Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Dana Tegzová
- Department of Experimental Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jakub Závada
- Department of Experimental Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Marta Olejárová
- Department of Experimental Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Karel Pavelka
- Department of Experimental Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jiří Vencovský
- Department of Experimental Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ladislav Šenolt
- Department of Experimental Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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Progression in the Management of Non-Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Interstitial Lung Diseases, Where Are We Now and Where We Would Like to Be. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10061330. [PMID: 33807034 PMCID: PMC8004662 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10061330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant proportion of patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) may develop a progressive fibrosing phenotype characterized by worsening of symptoms and pulmonary function, progressive fibrosis on chest computed tomography and increased mortality. The clinical course in these patients mimics the relentless progressiveness of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Common pathophysiological mechanisms such as a shared genetic susceptibility and a common downstream pathway—self-sustaining fibroproliferation—support the concept of a progressive fibrosing phenotype, which is applicable to a broad range of non-IPF ILDs. While antifibrotic drugs became the standard of care in IPF, immunosuppressive agents are still the mainstay of treatment in non-IPF fibrosing ILD (F-ILD). However, recently, randomized placebo-controlled trials have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of antifibrotic treatment in systemic sclerosis-associated F-ILD and a broad range of F-ILDs with a progressive phenotype. This review summarizes the current pharmacological management and highlights the unmet needs in patients with non-IPF ILD.
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Riley TR, George MD. Risk for infections with glucocorticoids and DMARDs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. RMD Open 2021; 7:e001235. [PMID: 33597206 PMCID: PMC7893655 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2020-001235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunomodulatory therapy for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) carries risk for infectious complications. Understanding the risks of different therapeutic options is essential for making treatment decisions and appropriately monitoring patients. This review examines data on the risks for serious infections and other key infections of interest for the major classes of agents in use for RA: glucocorticoids, conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), biologics and Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors. Conventional synthetic DMARDs have an excellent safety profile with recent data available supporting the relative safety of methotrexate. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors are associated with an increase in the risk of serious infections. Risk with other biological agents and with JAK inhibitors varies somewhat but overall appears similar to that of TNF inhibitors, with JAK inhibitors also associated with a greater risk of herpes zoster. Glucocorticoids have a dose-dependent effect on serious infection risk-at higher doses risk of infection with glucocorticoids is substantially greater than with other immunomodulatory therapies, and even low-dose therapy carries a risk of infection that appears to be similar to that of biological therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Riley
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael D George
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Wise LM, Stohl W. Belimumab and Rituximab in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Tale of Two B Cell-Targeting Agents. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:303. [PMID: 32695790 PMCID: PMC7338653 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the centrality of B cells to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), it stands to reason that a candidate therapeutic agent that targets B cells could be efficacious. Both rituximab, a monoclonal antibody (mAb) that binds to CD20 on the surface of B cells, and belimumab, a mAb that binds and neutralizes the B cell survival factor BAFF, have been extensively studied for the treatment of SLE. Despite the greater ability of rituximab to deplete B cells than that of belimumab, randomized controlled trials of rituximab in SLE failed to reach their primary clinical endpoints, whereas the primary clinical endpoints were reached in four independent phase-III clinical trials of belimumab in SLE. Accordingly, belimumab has been approved for treatment of SLE, whereas use of rituximab in SLE remains off-label. Nevertheless, several case series of rituximab have pointed to some utility for rituximab in treating SLE. In this review, we provide a concise summary of the factors that led to belimumab's success in SLE as well an analysis of the elements that may have contributed to the lack of success seen in the rituximab randomized controlled trials in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanna M Wise
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - William Stohl
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Syed H, Ascoli C, Linssen CFM, Vagts C, Iden T, Syed A, Kron J, Polly K, Perkins D, Finn PW, Novak R, Drent M, Baughman R, Sweiss NJ. Infection prevention in sarcoidosis: proposal for vaccination and prophylactic therapy. SARCOIDOSIS, VASCULITIS, AND DIFFUSE LUNG DISEASES : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF WASOG 2020; 37:87-98. [PMID: 33093774 PMCID: PMC7569559 DOI: 10.36141/svdld.v37i2.9599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disease characterized by granuloma formation in affected organs and caused by dysregulated immune response to an unknown antigen. Sarcoidosis patients receiving immunosuppressive medications are at increased risk of infection. Lymphopenia is also commonly seen among patient with sarcoidosis. In this review, risk of infections, including opportunistic infections, will be outlined. Recommendations for vaccinations and prophylactic therapy based on literature review will also be summarized. (Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis 2020; 37 (2): 87-98).
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Affiliation(s)
- Huzaefah Syed
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Christian Ascoli
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Catharina FM Linssen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Zuyderland Medical Centre, Heerlen/Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands
| | - Christen Vagts
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Thomas Iden
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Aamer Syed
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jordana Kron
- Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Kelly Polly
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - David Perkins
- Division of Nephrology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Patricia W Finn
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Richard Novak
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Marjolein Drent
- ILD Center of Excellence, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, FHML, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Baughman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Nadera J Sweiss
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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13
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Shi YQ, Qi WF, Kong CY. Drug screening and identification of key candidate genes and pathways of rheumatoid arthritis. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:986-996. [PMID: 32468016 PMCID: PMC7339653 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which normally manifests as a multi-joint inflammatory reaction, is a common immunological disease in clinical practice. However, the pathogenesis of RA has not yet been fully elucidated. Rituximab (RTX) is an effective drug in the treatment of RA, however its therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of action require further investigation. Thus, the present study aimed to screen the candidate key regulatory genes and explain the potential mechanisms of RA. Gene chips of RA and normal joint tissues were analyzed and, gene chips of RTX before and after treatment were investigated. In the present study, strong evidence supporting the pathogenesis of RA and mechanism of action of RTX were also revealed. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed using the limma package of RStudio software. A total of 1,150 DEGs were detected in RA compared with normal joint tissues. The upregulated genes were enriched in ‘interleukin-12 production’, ‘I-κB kinase/NF-κB signaling’, ‘regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response’ and ‘cytokine metabolic process’. Functional enrichment analysis showed that RTX was primarily involved in the inhibition of ‘adaptive immune response’, ‘B cell activation involved in immune response’ and ‘immune effector process’. Subsequently, leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 1 (LILRB1), a hub gene with high connectivity degree, was selected, and traditional Chinese medicine libraries were molecularly screened according to the structure of the LILRB1 protein. The results indicated that kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucoside exhibited the highest docking score. In the present study, the DEGs and their biological functions in RA and the pharmacological mechanism of RTX action were determined. Taken together, the results suggested that LILRB1 may be used as a molecular target for RA treatment, and kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucoside may inhibit the pathological process of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Quan Shi
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Wu-Fang Qi
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Yu Kong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
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14
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Altering the natural history of rheumatoid arthritis: The role of immunotherapy and biologics in orthopaedic care. J Orthop 2019; 17:17-21. [PMID: 31879467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2019.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an idiopathic disease characterized by systemic inflammation, persistent synovitis, and the presence of autoantibodies. Because of the musculoskeletal deformity caused by RA, multiple orthopaedic procedures are regularly performed as part of the treatment. The changing rates of surgery and the rise in new efficacious medical therapy have improved the prognosis for patients with RA. This review will discuss the natural history of rheumatoid arthritis, common medications used to treat it, how disease progression has changed as a function of new biologic immunotherapy, and the role of orthopaedic intervention in this new landscape of advanced rheumatoid care.
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15
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Zamora NV, Tayar JH, Lopez-Olivo MA, Christensen R, Suarez-Almazor ME. Baricitinib for rheumatoid arthritis. Hippokratia 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean H Tayar
- The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center; Department of General Internal Medicine; 1515 Holcombe Blvd Unit 1465 Houston Texas USA 77030
| | - Maria Angeles Lopez-Olivo
- The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center; Department of General Internal Medicine; 1515 Holcombe Blvd Unit 1465 Houston Texas USA 77030
| | - Robin Christensen
- Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Maria E Suarez-Almazor
- The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center; Department of General Internal Medicine; 1515 Holcombe Blvd Unit 1465 Houston Texas USA 77030
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16
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Palleria C, Iannone L, Leporini C, Citraro R, Manti A, Caminiti M, Gigliotti P, Grembiale RD, L’Andolina M, Muccari G, Naturale MD, Olivo D, Pagano Mariano G, Pellegrini R, Varcasia G, Abdalla K, Russo E, Ursini F, De Sarro G. Implementing a simple pharmacovigilance program to improve reporting of adverse events associated with biologic therapy in rheumatology: Preliminary results from the Calabria Biologics Pharmacovigilance Program (CBPP). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205134. [PMID: 30356301 PMCID: PMC6200211 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Post-marketing surveillance activities (namely pharmacovigilance) are crucial to favor the early detection of unexpected adverse events (AEs) and/or serious adverse reactions (SAEs). Indeed, spontaneous reporting of AEs has been demonstrated to underestimate the number of events in different clinical settings. Aim of the present study is to report the preliminary data of a Regional (Calabria, Italy) Pharmacovigilance Program (CBPP) aimed at improving AEs’ reporting associated with biologics use in rheumatology. Materials and methods We developed a simple, cost-effective pharmacovigilance program based on regular training sessions for physicians (stimulated reporting), periodical phone calls by a clinical pharmacologist aimed at identifying new events and stimulating self-awareness and encouraging reporting to the physician during the subsequent follow-up visit for minor AEs. To test this approach, all consecutive patients undergoing treatment with one biologic agent at eight rheumatology centers during a two-years period were invited to participate. Collected AEs were compared to the number of AEs spontaneously reported for the same molecules in the same centers before starting the protocol. Results During the study period, 399 patients (245 females; mean age: 58 ± 11 years) were started on treatment with biologics for active RA (n = 211, 52.9%), PsA (n = 119, 29.8%) or AS (n = 69, 17.3%) at eight rheumatology centers. A total of 125 AEs (31.3%) and 9 SAEs (2.3%) were reported during the two-years study period. In the control cohort (comprising 368 consecutive patients started on treatment with bDMARDs during a two-years period before CBPP study) only 42 (11.4%) AEs and no SAEs were reported (p < 0.0001). The most common AEs were injection site reactions and skin disorders. Conclusions In conclusion, our study provides further evidence of a critical role of active pharmacovigilance in detection, reporting and analysis of AEs in rheumatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Palleria
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Luigi Iannone
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Christian Leporini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rita Citraro
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonia Manti
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maurizio Caminiti
- Associazione Calabrese per la Ricerca in Reumatologia (ACRR), Catanzaro, Italy
- Rheumatology Unit, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano “Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli”, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Pietro Gigliotti
- Associazione Calabrese per la Ricerca in Reumatologia (ACRR), Catanzaro, Italy
- Rheumatology Outpatient Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliera Provinciale Cosenza, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Rosa Daniela Grembiale
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Massimo L’Andolina
- Associazione Calabrese per la Ricerca in Reumatologia (ACRR), Catanzaro, Italy
- Rheumatology Outpatient Clinic, Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale Vibo Valentia, Vibo Valentia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Muccari
- Associazione Calabrese per la Ricerca in Reumatologia (ACRR), Catanzaro, Italy
- Rheumatology Outpatient Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliera “Pugliese-Ciaccio”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Diana Naturale
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Domenico Olivo
- Associazione Calabrese per la Ricerca in Reumatologia (ACRR), Catanzaro, Italy
- Rheumatology Outpatient Clinic, Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale Crotone, Crotone, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Pagano Mariano
- Associazione Calabrese per la Ricerca in Reumatologia (ACRR), Catanzaro, Italy
- Rheumatology Unit, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano “Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli”, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Roberta Pellegrini
- Associazione Calabrese per la Ricerca in Reumatologia (ACRR), Catanzaro, Italy
- Rheumatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera “SS Annunziata”, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Varcasia
- Associazione Calabrese per la Ricerca in Reumatologia (ACRR), Catanzaro, Italy
- Rheumatology Unit, Ospedale Castrovillari, Castrovillari, Italy
| | - Karim Abdalla
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Emilio Russo
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Francesco Ursini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italy
- Associazione Calabrese per la Ricerca in Reumatologia (ACRR), Catanzaro, Italy
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17
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Yoo DH, Suh CH, Shim SC, Jeka S, Molina FFC, Hrycaj P, Wiland P, Lee EY, Medina-Rodriguez FG, Shesternya P, Radominski S, Stanislav M, Kovalenko V, Sheen DH, Myasoutova L, Lim MJ, Choe JY, Lee SJ, Lee SY, Kim SH, Park W. Efficacy, Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Up to Two Courses of the Rituximab Biosimilar CT-P10 Versus Innovator Rituximab in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results up to Week 72 of a Phase I Randomized Controlled Trial. BioDrugs 2018; 31:357-367. [PMID: 28612179 PMCID: PMC5548818 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-017-0232-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background CT-P10 is a biosimilar of innovator rituximab (RTX), a biological therapy used to treat patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who have responded inadequately to anti-tumor necrosis factor agents. Objective Our objective was to compare the clinical profile of CT-P10 versus RTX in patients with RA who received up to two courses of treatment and were followed for up to 72 weeks. Methods In this multicenter double-blind phase I study, patients were randomized 2:1 to receive CT-P10 1000 mg or RTX 1000 mg at weeks 0 and 2. Based on disease activity, patients could receive a second course of treatment between weeks 24 and 48. Efficacy endpoints, including mean change from baseline in Disease Activity Score using 28 joints (DAS28), safety, immunogenicity, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics were evaluated. Results In total, 154 patients were randomized to CT-P10 or RTX (n = 103 and 51, respectively); 137 (n = 92 and 45) completed the first course of treatment, of whom 83 (n = 60 and 23) were re-treated. Improvements from baseline in all efficacy endpoints were highly similar between the CT-P10 and RTX groups over both treatment courses. At week 24 after the second course, mean change from week 0 of the first course in DAS28 erythrocyte sedimentation rate was −2.47 and −2.04 for CT-P10 and RTX, respectively, (p = 0.1866) and in DAS28 C-reactive protein was −2.32 and −2.00, respectively (p = 0.3268). The proportion of patients positive for antidrug antibodies at week 24 after the second treatment course was 20.0% and 21.7% in the CT-P10 and RTX groups, respectively. The safety profile of CT-P10 was comparable to that of RTX, and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties were similar. Conclusions In patients with RA, efficacy, safety, and other clinical data were comparable between CT-P10 and RTX after up to two courses of treatment over 72 weeks. (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01534884). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s40259-017-0232-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Hyun Yoo
- Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hee Suh
- Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Cheol Shim
- Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Slawomir Jeka
- Collegium Medicum UMK, University Hospital No. 2, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | | | - Pawel Hrycaj
- Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Eun Young Lee
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | - Marina Stanislav
- Research Rheumatology Institute n. a. V.A. Nassonova, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Mie Jin Lim
- School of Medicine, IN-HA University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Yoon Choe
- School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | - Won Park
- School of Medicine, IN-HA University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Park W, Suh CH, Shim SC, Molina FFC, Jeka S, Medina-Rodriguez FG, Hrycaj P, Wiland P, Lee EY, Shesternya P, Kovalenko V, Myasoutova L, Stanislav M, Radominski S, Lim MJ, Choe JY, Lee SJ, Lee SY, Kim SH, Yoo DH. Efficacy and Safety of Switching from Innovator Rituximab to Biosimilar CT-P10 Compared with Continued Treatment with CT-P10: Results of a 56-Week Open-Label Study in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. BioDrugs 2018; 31:369-377. [PMID: 28600696 PMCID: PMC5548826 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-017-0233-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background CT-P10 is a biosimilar candidate of innovator rituximab (RTX) that demonstrated a comparable clinical profile to RTX in a phase I randomized controlled trial (RCT) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01534884). Objective This open-label extension (OLE) study (NCT01873443) compared the efficacy and safety of CT-P10 in patients with RA who received CT-P10 from the outset (i.e., from the start of the RCT and also in the OLE; ‘maintenance group’) with those who received RTX during the RCT and switched to CT-P10 during the OLE (‘switch group’). Methods Patients who completed the RCT were recruited. Based on the Disease Activity Score using 28 joints (DAS28) and predefined safety criteria, patients could receive up to two courses of CT-P10 during the OLE. Efficacy [DAS28 and European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) response], safety and immunogenicity were assessed. Results Eighty-seven patients were enrolled; 58 and 29 had previously received CT-P10 or RTX, respectively, in the RCT. Of these, 38 (65.5%) and 20 (69.0%) were treated with CT-P10 in the OLE and therefore comprised the maintenance and switch groups, respectively. The mean change in DAS28-erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) from baseline (week 0 of RCT) at week 24 of the first OLE treatment course in the maintenance and switch groups was −2.7 and −2.4, respectively. The proportion of patients with good/moderate EULAR responses was also comparable between groups. Antidrug antibodies were detected in 13.2 and 15.0% of patients in the maintenance and switch groups, respectively, at week 24 of the first OLE course. CT-P10 treatment was well-tolerated when administered for up to 2 years or after switching from RTX. Conclusion In this study population, comparable efficacy and safety profiles were observed in patients who switched from RTX to CT-P10 and those maintained on CT-P10 throughout treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s40259-017-0233-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Park
- School of Medicine, IN-HA University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hee Suh
- Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Cheol Shim
- Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Slawomir Jeka
- University Hospital No. 2, Collegium Medicum UMK, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | | | - Pawel Hrycaj
- Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Eun Young Lee
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | - Marina Stanislav
- Research Rheumatology Institute n. a. V.A. Nassonova, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Mie Jin Lim
- School of Medicine, IN-HA University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Yoon Choe
- School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | - Dae Hyun Yoo
- Division of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, 222-1 Wangsimni-Ro, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Soyez B, Borie R, Menard C, Cadranel J, Chavez L, Cottin V, Gomez E, Marchand-Adam S, Leroy S, Naccache JM, Nunes H, Reynaud-Gaubert M, Savale L, Tazi A, Wemeau-Stervinou L, Debray MP, Crestani B. Rituximab for auto-immune alveolar proteinosis, a real life cohort study. Respir Res 2018; 19:74. [PMID: 29695229 PMCID: PMC5918901 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0780-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Whole lung lavage is the current standard therapy for pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) that is characterized by the alveolar accumulation of surfactant. Rituximab showed promising results in auto-immune PAP (aPAP) related to anti-GM-CSF antibody. Methods We aimed to assess efficacy of rituximab in aPAP in real life and all patients with aPAP in France that received rituximab were retrospectively analyzed. Results Thirteen patients were included. No patients showed improvement 6 months after treatment, but, 4 patients (30%) presented a significant decrease of alveolar-arterial difference in oxygen after 1 year. One patient received lung transplantation and one patient was lost of follow-up within one year. Although a spontaneous improvement cannot be excluded in these 4 patients, improvement was more frequent in patients naïve to prior specific therapy and with higher level of anti-GM-CSF antibodies evaluated by ELISA. No serious adverse event was evidenced. Conclusions These data do not support rituximab as a second line therapy for patients with refractory aPAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berenice Soyez
- Service de Pneumologie A, DHU FIRE, centre de référence constitutif des maladies pulmonaires rares, Hôpital Bichat, APHP, 46 rue Henri Huchard 75877 Paris CEDEX, 18, Paris, France.,OrphaLung, Lyon, France.,Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpetrière, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Raphael Borie
- Service de Pneumologie A, DHU FIRE, centre de référence constitutif des maladies pulmonaires rares, Hôpital Bichat, APHP, 46 rue Henri Huchard 75877 Paris CEDEX, 18, Paris, France. .,OrphaLung, Lyon, France. .,INSERM, Unité 1152, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.
| | - Cedric Menard
- Service d'Immunologie, Thérapie Cellulaire et Hématopoïèse, CHU Pontchaillou, Rennes, France
| | - Jacques Cadranel
- OrphaLung, Lyon, France.,Service de Pneumologie, Centre de référence constitutif des maladies pulmonaires rares, Hôpital Tenon, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Leonidas Chavez
- Service de Pneumologie, Centre de compétences des maladies pulmonaires rares, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Vincent Cottin
- OrphaLung, Lyon, France.,Service de Pneumologie, Centre national de référence des maladies pulmonaires rares, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Emmanuel Gomez
- OrphaLung, Lyon, France.,Service de Pneumologie, Centre de compétences des maladies pulmonaires rares CHRU Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Sylvain Marchand-Adam
- OrphaLung, Lyon, France.,Service de Pneumologie, Centre de compétences des maladies pulmonaires raresCHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Sylvie Leroy
- OrphaLung, Lyon, France.,FHU Oncoage, Service de Pneumologie, Centre de compétence des maladies pulmonaires rares, Université Côte d'Azur, CHU de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Jean-Marc Naccache
- OrphaLung, Lyon, France.,Service de Pneumologie, Centre de référence constitutif des maladies pulmonaires rares, Hôpital Tenon, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Hilario Nunes
- OrphaLung, Lyon, France.,Service de Pneumologie, Centre de référence constitutif des maladies pulmonaires rares, Hôpital Avicenne, APHP, Bobigny, France
| | - Martine Reynaud-Gaubert
- OrphaLung, Lyon, France.,Service de Pneumologie, Centre de compétence des maladies pulmonaires rares, Hôpital Nord, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Savale
- Service de Pneumologie, Centre de référence de l'hypertension pulmonaire, Hôpital Bicêtre, APHP, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Abdellatif Tazi
- Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Lidwine Wemeau-Stervinou
- OrphaLung, Lyon, France.,Service de Pneumologie, Centre de référence constitutif des maladies pulmonaires rares, CHRU de Lille, Lille, France
| | | | - Bruno Crestani
- Service de Pneumologie A, DHU FIRE, centre de référence constitutif des maladies pulmonaires rares, Hôpital Bichat, APHP, 46 rue Henri Huchard 75877 Paris CEDEX, 18, Paris, France.,OrphaLung, Lyon, France.,INSERM, Unité 1152, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
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20
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Gao X, Lampraki EM, Al-Khalidi S, Qureshi MA, Desai R, Wilson JB. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) ameliorates Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 induced chronic inflammation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189167. [PMID: 29228057 PMCID: PMC5724866 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation results when the immune system responds to trauma, injury or infection and the response is not resolved. It can lead to tissue damage and dysfunction and in some cases predispose to cancer. Some viruses (including Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)) can induce inflammation, which may persist even after the infection has been controlled or cleared. The damage caused by inflammation, can itself act to perpetuate the inflammatory response. The latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) of EBV is a pro-inflammatory factor and in the skin of transgenic mice causes a phenotype of hyperplasia with chronic inflammation of increasing severity, which can progress to pre-malignant and malignant lesions. LMP1 signalling leads to persistent deregulated expression of multiple proteins throughout the mouse life span, including TGFα S100A9 and chitinase-like proteins. Additionally, as the inflammation increases, numerous chemokines and cytokines are produced which promulgate the inflammation. Deposition of IgM, IgG, IgA and IgE and complement activation form part of this process and through genetic deletion of CD40, we show that this contributes to the more tissue-destructive aspects of the phenotype. Treatment of the mice with N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an antioxidant which feeds into the body’s natural redox regulatory system through glutathione synthesis, resulted in a significantly reduced leukocyte infiltrate in the inflamed tissue, amelioration of the pathological features and delay in the inflammatory signature measured by in vivo imaging. Reducing the degree of inflammation achieved through NAC treatment, had the knock on effect of reducing leukocyte recruitment to the inflamed site, thereby slowing the progression of the pathology. These data support the idea that NAC could be considered as a treatment to alleviate chronic inflammatory pathologies, including post-viral disease. Additionally, the model described can be used to effectively monitor and accurately measure therapies for chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Gao
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Eirini-Maria Lampraki
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Sarwah Al-Khalidi
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad Asif Qureshi
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Rhea Desai
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Beatrice Wilson
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Salles G, Barrett M, Foà R, Maurer J, O'Brien S, Valente N, Wenger M, Maloney DG. Rituximab in B-Cell Hematologic Malignancies: A Review of 20 Years of Clinical Experience. Adv Ther 2017; 34:2232-2273. [PMID: 28983798 PMCID: PMC5656728 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-017-0612-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 361] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Rituximab is a human/murine, chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody with established efficacy, and a favorable and well-defined safety profile in patients with various CD20-expressing lymphoid malignancies, including indolent and aggressive forms of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Since its first approval 20 years ago, intravenously administered rituximab has revolutionized the treatment of B-cell malignancies and has become a standard component of care for follicular lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and mantle cell lymphoma. For all of these diseases, clinical trials have demonstrated that rituximab not only prolongs the time to disease progression but also extends overall survival. Efficacy benefits have also been shown in patients with marginal zone lymphoma and in more aggressive diseases such as Burkitt lymphoma. Although the proven clinical efficacy and success of rituximab has led to the development of other anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies in recent years (e.g., obinutuzumab, ofatumumab, veltuzumab, and ocrelizumab), rituximab is likely to maintain a position within the therapeutic armamentarium because it is well established with a long history of successful clinical use. Furthermore, a subcutaneous formulation of the drug has been approved both in the EU and in the USA for the treatment of B-cell malignancies. Using the wealth of data published on rituximab during the last two decades, we review the preclinical development of rituximab and the clinical experience gained in the treatment of hematologic B-cell malignancies, with a focus on the well-established intravenous route of administration. This article is a companion paper to A. Davies, et al., which is also published in this issue. FUNDING F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Salles
- Hématologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon and Université de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, Lyon, France.
| | | | - Robin Foà
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Susan O'Brien
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
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Nasonov EL, Mazurov VI, Zonova EV, Knyazeva LA, Marusenko IM, Nesmeyanova OB, Plaksina TV, Shapovalova YS, Ilivanova EP, Krechikova DG, Petrochenkova NA, Reshetko OV, Denisov LN, Gordeev IG, Davydova AF, Eremina NA, Zemerova EV, Ivanova TB, Kastanayan AA, Pokrovskaya TG, Smakotina SA, Smolyarchuk EA, Artemyeva AV, Ivanov RA, Usacheva YV, Chernyaeva EV. THE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF RITUXIMAB BIOSIMILAR (ACELLBIA®) IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AS THE FIRST BIOLOGICAL AGENT: RESULTS OF PHASE III (ALTERRA) CLINICAL TRIAL. RHEUMATOLOGY SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2017. [DOI: 10.14412/1995-4484-2017-351-359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The Russian biotechnological company «BIOCAD» has designed a chimeric monoclonal antibody against CD20 (BCD-020, Acellbia®) that is a biosimilar of rituximab (RTM; MabThera®, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Switzerland). In recent years, there has been evidence that RTM can be used at lower doses than those given in the standard recommendations and instructions for the use of this drug. This serves as the basis for the BCD-020-4/ALTERRA (ALTErnative Rituximab regimen in Rheumatoid Arthritis) trial, the objective of which was to investigate the efficiency and safety of using Acellbia® (at a dose of 600 mg twice at a 2-week interval) as the first biological agent (BA) for methotrexate (MTX)-resistant active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The investigation enrolled 159 patients aged 18 to 80 years with active RA. After 24 weeks 65.7 and 29.4% of patients achieved 20% improvement by the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria in the Acellbia® + MTX and placebo (PL) + MTX groups, respectively (p<0.0001). The differences in the ACR20 response rate in the two groups were 36.3% (95% CI, 19.27–53.28%). There were significant differences between the groups in the ACR50 response rates: 28.4% and 5.9% (p=0.001) and in the ACR70 ones: 12.8% and only 2.0%, respectively (p=0.036). Analysis of all recorded adverse events (AE) frequency showed no significant differences between the patients in the study and control groups and demonstrates its equivalence with that of RTM (MabThera®); all the AE were expectable. It is noted that antibodies to RTM with binding and neutralizing activities had no impact on the efficiency and safety of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. L. Nasonov
- V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology
I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - V. I. Mazurov
- I.I. Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | | | | | - I. M. Marusenko
- V.A. Baranov Republican Hospital, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Karelia
| | | | - T. V. Plaksina
- N.A. Semashko Nizhny Novgorod Regional Clinical Hospital
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - A. F. Davydova
- Professor S.V. Ochapovsky Territorial Clinical Hospital One
| | - N. A. Eremina
- Railway Clinical Hospital at the Gorky Station, OAO «RZhD»
| | | | | | | | | | - S. A. Smakotina
- Kemerovo State Medical Academy, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - E. A. Smolyarchuk
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia
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den Broeder AA, Verhoef LM, Fransen J, Thurlings R, van den Bemt BJF, Teerenstra S, Boers N, den Broeder N, van den Hoogen FHJ. Ultra-low dose of rituximab in rheumatoid arthritis: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 2017; 18:403. [PMID: 28854956 PMCID: PMC5577818 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-017-2134-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A standard low-dosing schedule of rituximab (RTX; 2 × 500 mg or 1 × 1000 mg) is as effective for active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as the registered dose (2 × 1000 mg). Moreover, several small uncontrolled studies suggest that even lower-dosed treatment with RTX also leads to good treatment response in patients with RA. Retreatment with such an ‘ultra-low’ dose RTX in patients who responded well to RTX induction treatment is of special interest, as long-term use of lower RTX doses may lead to shorter infusion duration, lower risk of adverse events and lower costs. However, the effect of ultra-low dose of RTX has not been investigated using a controlled trial of proper design and dimensions. Methods/Design REDO is an investigator driven six-month pragmatic, double-blind, randomised controlled non-inferiority trial on the effects of ultra-low-dose RTX (1 × 500 or 1 × 200 mg) compared to standard low dose (1 × 1000 mg) in RA patients who are being retreated with RTX. A total of 140 RA patients, having reached low disease activity (DAS28CRP < 2.9) after the previous RTX infusion and DAS28CRP < 3.5 at moment of retreatment, are randomised in a ratio of 1:2:2 to 1 × 1000 mg, 1 × 500 mg or 1 × 200 mg. The primary objective is testing non-inferiority of the ultra-low-dose vs. standard low-dose RTX, by comparing mean change in DAS28CRP from baseline to six months to the non-inferiority margin of 0.6. Secondary outcomes over the same period are: function; quality of life; safety; costs; and pharmacokinetics and dynamics as process measures. Discussion This study protocol shares characteristics of both early dose finding trials as well as late pragmatic clinical studies. Several choices in the design of this trial are described and possible consequences for RA treatment and expected biosimilar introduction are discussed. Trial registration Dutch Trial Register, NTR6117. Registered on 15 November 2016 (CMO NL57520.091.16, 8 November 2016) Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13063-017-2134-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfons A den Broeder
- Department of Rheumatology, Sint Maartenskliniek, PO Box 9011, 6500 GM, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. .,Department of Rheumatology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Lise M Verhoef
- Department of Rheumatology, Sint Maartenskliniek, PO Box 9011, 6500 GM, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Fransen
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rogier Thurlings
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bart J F van den Bemt
- Department of Pharmacy, Sint Maartenskliniek, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Pharmacy, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Steven Teerenstra
- Department of for Health Evidence, Section of biostatistics, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nadine Boers
- Department of Rheumatology, Sint Maartenskliniek, PO Box 9011, 6500 GM, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nathan den Broeder
- Department of Rheumatology, Sint Maartenskliniek, PO Box 9011, 6500 GM, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank H J van den Hoogen
- Department of Rheumatology, Sint Maartenskliniek, PO Box 9011, 6500 GM, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Luo J, Jin DE, Yang GY, Zhang YZ, Wang JM, Kong WP, Tao QW. Total glucosides of paeony for rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Complement Ther Med 2017; 34:46-56. [PMID: 28917375 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Total glucosides of paeony (TGP) is commonly used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in China. However, clinical practice hasn't been well informed by evidence from appropriately conducted systematic reviews. This PRISMA-compliant systematic review aims at examining the effectiveness and safety of TGP for RA. METHODS Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing TGP with placebo, no treatment, or disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) for patients with RA were retrieved by searching seven databases. Primary outcomes included disease improvement and disease remission. Secondary outcomes included adverse effects, pain, health-related quality of life, C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Data extraction and analyses were conducted according to the Cochrane standards. We assessed risk of bias for each included studies and quality of evidence on pre-specified outcomes. RESULTS Eight studies enrolling 1209 patients with active RA were included in this systematic review. On the basis of traditional DMARD(s), TGP might be beneficial for patients with RA in improvement of American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 20 response rate, ACR 50 response rate, ACR70 response rate, and in reduction of adverse effects, compared with no treatment. The overall methodological quality of included studies and the quality of evidence for each outcome were limited. CONCLUSIONS Current trials suggested potential benefits of TGP for RA on the basis of traditional DMARD(s). Therefore, TGP may be a good choice for RA as an adjuvant therapy. However, considering the limited methodological quality and strength of evidence, high-quality RCTs are warranted to support the use of TGP for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Luo
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Rheumatism, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Yinghua East Road No. 2, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Di-Er Jin
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Rheumatism, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Yinghua East Road No. 2, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Guo-Yan Yang
- National Institute of Complementary Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney 2560, Australia
| | - Ying-Ze Zhang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Rheumatism, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Yinghua East Road No. 2, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jian-Ming Wang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Rheumatism, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Yinghua East Road No. 2, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wei-Ping Kong
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Rheumatism, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Yinghua East Road No. 2, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qing-Wen Tao
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Rheumatism, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Yinghua East Road No. 2, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China.
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Real-world clinical experience of biological disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs in Malaysia rheumatoid arthritis patients. Rheumatol Int 2017; 37:1719-1725. [PMID: 28695274 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-017-3772-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The effect of biologic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) in treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in real-world clinical practice remains unknown in Southeast Asia. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of bDMARDs among Malaysian RA patients treated in routine clinical practice. A retrospective medical chart review of RA patients from 11 government hospitals were conducted from January 2003 to January 2014. A standardized questionnaire was used to abstract patient's demographic, clinical and treatment data. Level of disease activity was measured by DAS28 collected at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months. Three hundred and one patients were available for analysis, mean age 41 (SD, 10.8) years, mean RA duration 12.3 (SD, 6.9) years and 98% had history of two or more conventional-synthetic DMARDs. There were 467 bDMARD courses prescribed with mean bDMARDs duration use of 12.9 months (SD 14.7). Tumour necrosis factor alpha inhibitors were the most common prescribed bDMARDs (77.1%), followed by Tocilizumab (14.6%) and Rituximab (8.4%). We observed significant improvement in mean DAS28 values from baseline to 3, 6 and 12 months (p < 0.001). Overall, 16.9% achieved DAS28 remission at 6 months. A third (35.6%) of patients reported adverse events, three commonest being infections (46.5%), allergy (22.9%) and laboratory abnormalities (12.9%). 3.7% of our patients had tuberculosis. Biologic DMARDs were effective in treating RA in real-world practice in Malaysia, despite a lower remission rate compared to developed countries. Except for higher rates of tuberculosis, the AEs were similar to the published reports.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic auto-immune disorder that causes widespread and persistent inflammation of the synovial lining of joints and tendon sheaths. Presently, there is no cure for rheumatoid arthritis and treatment focuses on managing symptoms such as pain, stiffness and mobility, with the aim of achieving stable remission and improving mobility. Celecoxib is a selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used for treatment of people with rheumatoid arthritis. OBJECTIVES To assess the benefits and harms of celecoxib in people with rheumatoid arthritis. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, Embase and clinical trials registers (ClinicalTrials.gov and the World Health Organization trials portal) to May 18, 2017. We also searched the reference and citation lists of included studies. SELECTION CRITERIA We included prospective randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared oral celecoxib (200 mg and 400 mg daily) versus no intervention, placebo or a traditional NSAID (tNSAID) in people with confirmed rheumatoid arthritis, of any age and either sex. We excluded studies with fewer than 50 participants in each arm or had durations of fewer than four weeks treatment. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used standard methodological procedures expected by The Cochrane Collaboration. MAIN RESULTS We included eight RCTs with durations of 4 to 24 weeks, published between 1998 and 2014 that involved a total of 3988 adults (mean age = 54 years), most of whom were women (73%). Participants had rheumatoid arthritis for an average of 9.2 years. All studies were assessed at high or unclear risk of bias in at least one domain. Overall, evidence was assessed as moderate-to-low quality. Five studies were funded by pharmaceutical companies. Celecoxib versus placeboWe included two studies (N = 873) in which participants received 200 mg daily or 400 mg daily or placebo. Participants who received celecoxib showed significant clinical improvement compared with those receiving placebo (15% absolute improvement; 95% CI 7% to 25%; RR 1.53, 95% CI 1.25 to 1.86; number needed to treat to benefit (NNTB) = 7, 95% CI 5 to 13; 2 studies, 873 participants; moderate to low quality evidence).Participants who received celecoxib reported less pain than placebo-treated people (11% absolute improvement; 95% CI 8% to 14%; NNTB = 4, 95% CI 3 to 6; 1 study, 706 participants) but results were inconclusive for improvement in physical function (MD -0.10, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.10; 1 study, 706 participants).In the celecoxib group, 15/293 participants developed ulcers, compared with 4/99 in the placebo group (Peto OR 1.26, 95% CI 0.44 to 3.63; 1 study, 392 participants; low quality evidence). Nine (of 475) participants in the celecoxib group developed short-term serious adverse events, compared with five (of 231) in the placebo group (Peto OR 0.87 (0.28 to 2.69; 1 study, 706 participants; low quality evidence).There were fewer withdrawals among people who received celecoxib (163/475) compared with placebo (130/231) (22% absolute change; 95% CI 16% to 27%; RR 0.61, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.72; 1 study, 706 participants).Cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, stroke) were not reported. However, regulatory agencies warn of increased cardiovascular event risk associated with celecoxib. Celecoxib versus tNSAIDsSeven studies (N = 2930) compared celecoxib and tNSAIDs (amtolmetin guacyl, diclofenac, ibuprofen, meloxicam, nabumetone, naproxen, pelubiprofen); one study included comparisons of both placebo and tNSAIDs (N = 1149).There was a small improvement, which may not be clinically significant, in numbers of participants achieving ACR20 criteria response in the celecoxib group compared to tNSAIDs (4% absolute improvement; 95% CI 0% less improvement to 8% more improvement; RR 1.10, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.23; 4 studies, 1981 participants). There was a lack of evidence of difference between participants in the celecoxib and tNSAID groups in terms of pain or physical function. Results were assessed at moderate-to-low quality evidence (downgraded due to risk of bias and inconsistency).People who received celecoxib had a lower incidence of gastroduodenal ulcers ≥ 3 mm (34/870) compared with those who received tNSAIDs (116/698). This corresponded to 12% absolute change (95% CI 11% to 13%; RR 0.22, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.32; 5 studies, 1568 participants; moderate quality evidence). There were 7% fewer withdrawals among people who received celecoxib (95% CI 4% to 9%; RR 0.73, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.86; 6 studies, 2639 participants).Results were inconclusive for short-term serious adverse events and cardiovascular events (low quality evidence). There were 17/918 serious adverse events in people taking celecoxib compared to 42/1236 among people who received placebo (Peto OR 0.71; 95% CI 0.39 to 1.28; 5 studies, 2154 participants). Cardiovascular events were reported in both celecoxib and placebo groups in one study (149 participants). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Celecoxib may improve clinical symptoms, alleviate pain and contribute to little or no difference in physical function compared with placebo. Celecoxib was associated with fewer numbers of participant withdrawals. Results for incidence of gastroduodenal ulcers (≥ 3 mm) and short-term serious adverse events were uncertain; however, there were few reported events for either.Celecoxib may slightly improve clinical symptoms compared with tNSAIDs. Results for reduced pain and improved physical function were uncertain. Particpants taking celecoxib had lower incidence of gastroduodenal ulcers (≥ 3 mm) and there were fewer withdrawals from trials. Results for cardiovascular events and short-term serious adverse events were also uncertain.Uncertainty about the rate of cardiovascular events between celecoxib and tNSAIDs could be due to risk of bias; another factor is that these were small, short-term trials. It has been reported previously that both celecoxib and tNSAIDs increase cardiovascular event rates. Our confidence in results about harms is therefore low. Larger head-to-head clinical trials comparing celecoxib to other tNSAIDs is needed to better inform clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahir Fidahic
- University of TuzlaMedical facultyUniverzitetska 1TuzlaCanton TuzlaBosnia and Herzegovina75000
| | - Antonia Jelicic Kadic
- Cochrane Croatia, University of Split School of MedicineSoltanska 2SplitCroatia
- University Hospital SplitDepartment of PediatricsSpinciceva 1SplitCroatia21 000
| | - Mislav Radic
- University Hospital Split, School of Medicine, Cochrane CroatiaDivision of Rheumatology and Clinical ImmunologyŠoltanska 2SplitCroatia21000
| | - Livia Puljak
- University of Split School of MedicineCochrane CroatiaSoltanska 2SplitCroatia21000
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Day J, Limaye V, Proudman S, Hayball JD, Hissaria P. The utility of monitoring peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets by flow cytometric analysis in patients with rheumatological diseases treated with rituximab. Autoimmun Rev 2017; 16:542-547. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Singh JA, Hossain A, Tanjong Ghogomu E, Mudano AS, Tugwell P, Wells GA. Biologic or tofacitinib monotherapy for rheumatoid arthritis in people with traditional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) failure: a Cochrane Systematic Review and network meta-analysis (NMA). Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016; 11:CD012437. [PMID: 27855242 PMCID: PMC6469573 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We performed a systematic review, a standard meta-analysis and network meta-analysis (NMA), which updates the 2009 Cochrane Overview, 'Biologics for rheumatoid arthritis (RA)'. This review is focused on biologic monotherapy in people with RA in whom treatment with traditional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) including methotrexate (MTX) had failed (MTX/other DMARD-experienced). OBJECTIVES To assess the benefits and harms of biologic monotherapy (includes anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) (adalimumab, certolizumab pegol, etanercept, golimumab, infliximab) or non-TNF (abatacept, anakinra, rituximab, tocilizumab)) or tofacitinib monotherapy (oral small molecule) versus comparator (placebo or MTX/other DMARDs) in adults with RA who were MTX/other DMARD-experienced. METHODS We searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; The Cochrane Library 2015, Issue 6, June), MEDLINE (via OVID 1946 to June 2015), and Embase (via OVID 1947 to June 2015). Article selection, data extraction and risk of bias and GRADE assessments were done in duplicate. We calculated direct estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using standard meta-analysis. We used a Bayesian mixed treatment comparisons (MTC) approach for NMA estimates with 95% credible intervals (CrI). We converted odds ratios (OR) to risk ratios (RR) for ease of understanding. We calculated absolute measures as risk difference (RD) and number needed to treat for an additional beneficial outcome (NNTB). MAIN RESULTS This update includes 40 new RCTs for a total of 46 RCTs, of which 41 studies with 14,049 participants provided data. The comparator was placebo in 16 RCTs (4,532 patients), MTX or other DMARD in 13 RCTs (5,602 patients), and another biologic in 12 RCTs (3,915 patients). Monotherapy versus placeboBased on moderate-quality direct evidence, biologic monotherapy (without concurrent MTX/other DMARDs) was associated with a clinically meaningful and statistically significant improvement in American College of Rheumatology score (ACR50) and physical function, as measured by the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) versus placebo. RR was 4.68 for ACR50 (95% CI, 2.93 to 7.48); absolute benefit RD 23% (95% CI, 18% to 29%); and NNTB = 5 (95% CI, 3 to 8). The mean difference (MD) was -0.32 for HAQ (95% CI, -0.42 to -0.23; a negative sign represents greater HAQ improvement); absolute benefit of -10.7% (95% CI, -14% to -7.7%); and NNTB = 4 (95% CI, 3 to 5). Direct and NMA estimates for TNF biologic, non-TNF biologic or tofacitinib monotherapy showed similar results for ACR50 , downgraded to moderate-quality evidence. Direct and NMA estimates for TNF biologic, anakinra or tofacitinib monotherapy showed a similar results for HAQ versus placebo with mostly moderate quality evidence.Based on moderate-quality direct evidence, biologic monotherapy was associated with a clinically meaningful and statistically significant greater proportion of disease remission versus placebo with RR 1.12 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.22); absolute benefit 10% (95% CI, 3% to 17%; NNTB = 10 (95% CI, 8 to 21)).Based on low-quality direct evidence, results for biologic monotherapy for withdrawals due to adverse events and serious adverse events were inconclusive, with wide confidence intervals encompassing the null effect and evidence of an important increase. The direct estimate for TNF monotherapy for withdrawals due to adverse events showed a clinically meaningful and statistically significant result with RR 2.02 (95% CI, 1.08 to 3.78), absolute benefit RD 3% (95% CI,1% to 4%), based on moderate-quality evidence. The NMA estimates for TNF biologic, non-TNF biologic, anakinra, or tofacitinib monotherapy for withdrawals due to adverse events and for serious adverse events were all inconclusive and downgraded to low-quality evidence. Monotherapy versus active comparator (MTX/other DMARDs)Based on direct evidence of moderate quality, biologic monotherapy (without concurrent MTX/other DMARDs) was associated with a clinically meaningful and statistically significant improvement in ACR50 and HAQ scores versus MTX/other DMARDs with a RR of 1.54 (95% CI, 1.14 to 2.08); absolute benefit 13% (95% CI, 2% to 23%), NNTB = 7 (95% CI, 4 to 26) and a mean difference in HAQ of -0.27 (95% CI, -0.40 to -0.14); absolute benefit of -9% (95% CI, -13.3% to -4.7%), NNTB = 2 (95% CI, 2 to 4). Direct and NMA estimates for TNF monotherapy and NMA estimate for non-TNF biologic monotherapy for ACR50 showed similar results, based on moderate-quality evidence. Direct and NMA estimates for non-TNF biologic monotherapy, but not TNF monotherapy, showed similar HAQ improvements , based on mostly moderate-quality evidence.There were no statistically significant or clinically meaningful differences for direct estimates of biologic monotherapy versus active comparator for RA disease remission. NMA estimates showed a statistically significant and clinically meaningful difference versus active comparator for TNF monotherapy (absolute improvement 7% (95% CI, 2% to 14%)) and non-TNF monotherapy (absolute improvement 19% (95% CrI, 7% to 36%)), both downgraded to moderate quality.Based on moderate-quality direct evidence from a single study, radiographic progression (scale 0 to 448) was statistically significantly reduced in those on biologic monotherapy versus active comparator, MD -4.34 (95% CI, -7.56 to -1.12), though the absolute reduction was small, -0.97% (95% CI, -1.69% to -0.25%). We are not sure of the clinical relevance of this reduction.Direct and NMA evidence (downgraded to low quality), showed inconclusive results for withdrawals due to adverse events, serious adverse events and cancer, with wide confidence intervals encompassing the null effect and evidence of an important increase. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Based mostly on RCTs of six to 12-month duration in people with RA who had previously experienced and failed treatment with MTX/other DMARDs, biologic monotherapy improved ACR50, function and RA remission rates compared to placebo or MTX/other DMARDs.Radiographic progression was reduced versus active comparator, although the clinical significance was unclear.Results were inconclusive for whether biologic monotherapy was associated with an increased risk of withdrawals due to adverse events, serious adverse events or cancer, versus placebo (no data on cancer) or MTX/other DMARDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasvinder A Singh
- Birmingham VA Medical CenterDepartment of MedicineFaculty Office Tower 805B510 20th Street SouthBirminghamALUSA35294
| | - Alomgir Hossain
- University of Ottawa Heart InstituteCardiovascular Research Methods Centre40 Ruskin StreetRoom H‐2265OttawaONCanadaK1Y 4W7
| | | | - Amy S Mudano
- University of Alabama at BirminghamDepartment of Medicine ‐ RheumatologyBirminghamUSA
| | - Peter Tugwell
- Faculty of Medicine, University of OttawaDepartment of MedicineOttawaONCanadaK1H 8M5
| | - George A Wells
- University of OttawaDepartment of Epidemiology and Community MedicineRoom H128140 Ruskin StreetOttawaONCanadaK1Y 4W7
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Bramlage CP, Froelich B, Wallbach M, Minguet J, Grupp C, Deutsch C, Bramlage P, Koziolek M, Müller GA. The significance and predictive value of free light chains in the urine of patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease. Clin Rheumatol 2016; 35:2939-2946. [PMID: 27734231 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-016-3437-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In patients with rheumatic diseases, reliable markers for determining disease activity are scarce. One potential parameter is the level of immunoglobulin free light chains (FLCs), which is known to be elevated in the blood of patients with certain rheumatic diseases. Few studies have quantified FLCs in urine, a convenient source of test sample, in patients with different rheumatic diseases. We carried out a retrospective analysis of patients with rheumatic disease attending the University hospital of Goettingen, Germany. Subjects were included if they had urine levels of both κ and λ FLCs available and did not have myeloma. Data regarding systemic inflammation and kidney function were recorded, and FLC levels were correlated with inflammatory markers. Of the 382 patients with rheumatic disease, 40.1 % had chronic polyarthritis, 21.2 % connective tissue disease, 18.6 % spondyloarthritis and 15.7 % vasculitis. Elevated levels of κ FLCs were found for 84 % of patients and elevated λ for 52.7 %. For the patients with rheumatoid arthritis, FLCs correlated with C-reactive protein (κ, r = 0.368, p < 0.001; λ, r = 0.398, p < 0.001) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (κ, r = 0.692, p < 0.001; λ, r = 0.612, p < 0.001). Patients being treated with rituximab displayed FLC levels similar to those of the reference group. There were clear elevations in both κ and λ FLCs in patients with rheumatic disease, but not in κ/λ ratio. The correlation between FLCs and inflammatory markers in patients with rheumatoid arthritis demonstrates their potential for predicting disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Paul Bramlage
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany. .,Institute for Pharmacology and Preventive Medicine, Cloppenburg, Germany.
| | - Britta Froelich
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Manuel Wallbach
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Joan Minguet
- Institute for Pharmacology and Preventive Medicine, Cloppenburg, Germany
| | - Clemens Grupp
- Department of Medicine III, Hospital Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Deutsch
- Institute for Pharmacology and Preventive Medicine, Cloppenburg, Germany
| | - Peter Bramlage
- Institute for Pharmacology and Preventive Medicine, Cloppenburg, Germany
| | - Michael Koziolek
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Anton Müller
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
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Haldar D, Cockwell P, Richter AG, Roberts KJ, Hirschfield GM. An overview of the diagnosis and management of immunoglobulin G4-related disease. CMAJ 2016; 188:953-961. [PMID: 27325130 PMCID: PMC5026513 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.151402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Debashis Haldar
- Centre for Liver Research (Haldar, Hirschfield), National Institute for Health Research Liver Biomedical Research Unit, University of Birmingham; Department of Renal Medicine (Cockwell), Institute of Translational Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospital Birmingham, Edgbaston; Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy (Haldar, Richter, Hirschfield), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery (Roberts), Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospital Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Paul Cockwell
- Centre for Liver Research (Haldar, Hirschfield), National Institute for Health Research Liver Biomedical Research Unit, University of Birmingham; Department of Renal Medicine (Cockwell), Institute of Translational Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospital Birmingham, Edgbaston; Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy (Haldar, Richter, Hirschfield), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery (Roberts), Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospital Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alex G Richter
- Centre for Liver Research (Haldar, Hirschfield), National Institute for Health Research Liver Biomedical Research Unit, University of Birmingham; Department of Renal Medicine (Cockwell), Institute of Translational Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospital Birmingham, Edgbaston; Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy (Haldar, Richter, Hirschfield), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery (Roberts), Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospital Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Keith J Roberts
- Centre for Liver Research (Haldar, Hirschfield), National Institute for Health Research Liver Biomedical Research Unit, University of Birmingham; Department of Renal Medicine (Cockwell), Institute of Translational Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospital Birmingham, Edgbaston; Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy (Haldar, Richter, Hirschfield), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery (Roberts), Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospital Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Gideon M Hirschfield
- Centre for Liver Research (Haldar, Hirschfield), National Institute for Health Research Liver Biomedical Research Unit, University of Birmingham; Department of Renal Medicine (Cockwell), Institute of Translational Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospital Birmingham, Edgbaston; Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy (Haldar, Richter, Hirschfield), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery (Roberts), Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospital Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
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31
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Thorarinsdottir K, Camponeschi A, Cavallini N, Grimsholm O, Jacobsson L, Gjertsson I, Mårtensson IL. CD21(-/low) B cells in human blood are memory cells. Clin Exp Immunol 2016; 185:252-62. [PMID: 27010233 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement receptor 2 (CR2, CD21) is part of a complex (CD21/CD19/CD81) acting as a co-receptor to the B cell receptor (BCR). Simultaneous triggering of the BCR and CD21 lowers the threshold for B cell activation. Although CD21 is important, B cells that express low amounts or lack surface CD21 (CD21(-/low) ) are increased in conditions with chronic inflammation, e.g. autoimmune diseases. However, little is known about the CD21(-/low) B cell subset in peripheral blood from healthy donors. Here, we show that CD21(-/low) cells represent approximately 5% of B cells in peripheral blood from adults but are barely detectable in cord blood, after excluding transitional B cells. The CD21(-/low) subset can be divided into CD38(-) 24(+) and CD38(-) 24(low) cells, where most of the CD38(-) 24(+) are CD27(+) immunoglobulin (Ig)M(+) IgD(+) and the CD38(-) 24(low) are switched CD27(-) . Expression levels of additional markers, e.g. CD95 and CD62L, are similar to those on classical memory B cells. In contrast to naive cells, the majority of CD21(-/low) cells lack expression of the ABCB1 transporter. Stimulation with a combination of BCR, Toll-like receptor (TLR)-7/8 and interleukin (IL)-2 induces proliferation and differentiation of the CD21(-/low) B cells comparable to CD21(+) CD27(+) memory B cells. The response excluding BCR agonist is not on par with that of classical memory B cells, although clearly above that of naive B cells. This is ascribed to a weaker response by the CD38(-) 24(low) subset, implying that some memory B cells require not only TLR but also BCR triggering. We conclude that the CD21(-/low) cells in healthy donors are memory B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Thorarinsdottir
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg.,Rheumatology Clinic, the Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A Camponeschi
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - N Cavallini
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg
| | - O Grimsholm
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg
| | - L Jacobsson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg.,Rheumatology Clinic, the Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - I Gjertsson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg.,Rheumatology Clinic, the Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - I-L Mårtensson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg
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Pagnini I, Bertini F, Cimaz R. Difficult-To-Treat Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Current and Future Options. Paediatr Drugs 2016; 18:101-8. [PMID: 26939782 DOI: 10.1007/s40272-016-0164-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common chronic rheumatic disease in childhood and is usually treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) such as methotrexate or sulfasalazine. However, not all patients respond to these treatments, and toxicities may limit long-term use or diminish compliance. With advances in pharmacotherapy and the development of new therapeutic agents, there have been improvements in treatment of both systemic and non-systemic JIA, particularly with biologic agents such as anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, anti-interleukin (IL)-1, and anti-IL6. Anti-cell therapies, such as co-stimulator blockers or anti-CD20, small molecules, and biosimilars represent new areas of interest, and, while many are not yet currently commercially available for use in children, preliminary studies appear to be promising. In the present article, the authors review therapeutic strategies for the different JIA subtypes, mainly according to guidelines and recommendations. Newer and possible future treatments for arthritis, already approved in adults but currently under study in children, are also discussed. Drugs currently in development plans for rheumatoid arthritis, which hopefully will also be useful for JIA patients in the future, are also mentioned in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rolando Cimaz
- AOU Meyer, Viale Pieraccini 24, 50139, Florence, Italy.
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33
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Luo J, Jin DE, Yang GY, Zhang YZ, Wang JM, Kong WP, Tao QW. Total glucosides of paeony for rheumatoid arthritis: a protocol for a systematic review. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e010116. [PMID: 26962036 PMCID: PMC4785289 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Total glucosides of paeony (TGP) is a natural plant extract, which is widely used in China for treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Many relevant randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of TGP for RA are available, but they have not been systematically reviewed. This systematic review aims to examine the effectiveness and safety of TGP in patients with RA. METHODS AND ANALYSES We will search for RCTs of TGP in the treatment of RA, performed up until February 2016, in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and four Chinese databases (Chinese Biomedical Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database and Chinese Scientific Journal Database). Trial registers and reference lists of retrieved articles will also be searched to identify potential articles. RCTs comparing TGP with placebo, no treatment, or disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs for patients with RA will be retrieved. The primary outcomes will be disease improvement and disease remission. The secondary outcomes will be surrogate outcomes, symptoms, adverse effects, and quality of life. Two reviewers will independently extract data on participants, interventions, comparisons, outcomes, etc. The methodological quality of each included study will be evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias tool, and the strength of evidence on prespecified outcomes will be assessed in accordance with the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach. Review Manager 5.3 software will be used for data analyses. Meta-analyses will be performed if the data are sufficiently homogeneous, both statistically and clinically. Possible publication bias will also be checked using funnel plots once the number of included studies is sufficient. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval is not required, as this study will not involve patients. The results of this study will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal for publication, to inform both clinical practice and further research. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42015026345.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Luo
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Rheumatism, China–Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Di-Er Jin
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Rheumatism, China–Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Yan Yang
- National Institute of Complementary Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ying-Ze Zhang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Rheumatism, China–Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Ming Wang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Rheumatism, China–Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Ping Kong
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Rheumatism, China–Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Wen Tao
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Rheumatism, China–Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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35
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Aira LE, Hernández P, Prada D, Chico A, Gómez JA, González Z, Fuentes K, Viada C, Mazorra Z. Immunological evaluation of rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with itolizumab. MAbs 2015; 8:187-95. [PMID: 26466969 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2015.1105416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease characterized by joint inflammation that affects approximately 1% of the general population. Itolizumab, a monoclonal antibody specific for the human CD6 molecule mainly expressed on T lymphocytes, has been shown to inhibit proliferation of T cells and proinflammatory cytokine production in psoriasis patients. We have now assessed the immunological effect of itolizumab in combination with methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis by analyzing clinical samples taken from 30 patients enrolled in a clinical trial. T and B cell subpopulations were measured at different time points of the study. Plasma cytokine levels and anti-idiotypic antibody response to itolizumab were also evaluated. The combined treatment of itolizumab and methotrexate led to a reduction in the frequency of T cell subpopulations, and plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines showed a significant decrease up to at least 12 weeks after treatment ended. No anti-idiotypic antibody response was detected. These results support the relevance of the CD6 molecule as a therapeutic target for the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Carmen Viada
- a Center of Molecular Immunology ; Havana , Cuba
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36
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review recent advances in the management strategies of polyarticular course juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and identify unanswered questions and avenues for further research. RECENT FINDINGS There is evidence for an early, aggressive, treat-to-target approach for polyarticular JIA. Clinical disease activity criteria have been recently defined and validated, including criteria for inactive disease and the juvenile arthritis disease activity score (JADAS). There is a need for evidence-based, defined disease targets and biomarkers for prediction of response, including targets for remission induction, and guidelines on drug withdrawal. Recent treatment consensus plans and guidelines are discussed and compared, including the 2015 NHS England clinical policy statement, the 2014 Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) treatment plans and the 2011 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) guidelines. Evidence for new agents such as tocilizumab, rituximab, golimumab, ustekinumab, certolizumab and tofacitinib is promising: the recent clinical trials are summarized here. Stratification of individual patient treatment remains a goal, and predictive biomarkers have been shown to predict success in the withdrawal of methotrexate therapy. SUMMARY There are promising advances in the treatment approaches, disease activity criteria, clinical guidelines, pharmaceutical choices and individually stratified therapy choices for polyarticular JIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Webb
- aDivision of Medicine, Arthritis Research UK Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology at UCL, UCLH, and GOSH, University College London bInstitute of Child Health UCL, University College London, London, UK
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Singh JA, Christensen R, Wells GA, Suarez-Almazor ME, Buchbinder R, Lopez-Olivo MA, Ghogomu ET, Tugwell P. A network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of biologics for rheumatoid arthritis: a Cochrane overview. CMAJ 2009; 181:787-96. [PMID: 19884297 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.091391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We sought to compare the benefits and safety of 6 biologics (abatacept, adalimumab, anakinra, etanercept, infliximab and rituximab) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS In this network meta-analysis, we included all completed and updated Cochrane reviews on biologics for rheumatoid arthritis. We included data from all placebo-controlled trials that used standard dosing regimens. The major outcomes were benefit (defined as a 50% improvement in patient- and physician-reported criteria of the American College of Rheumatology [ACR50]) and safety (determined by the number of withdrawals related to adverse events). We used mixed-effects logistic regression to carry out an indirect comparison of the treatment effects between biologics. RESULTS Compared with placebo, biologics were associated with a clinically important higher ACR50 rate (odds ratio [OR] 3.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.62-4.29) and a number needed to treat for benefit of 4 (95% CI 4-6). However, biologics were associated with more withdrawals related to adverse events (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.13-1.71), with a number needed to treat for harm of 52 (95% CI 29-152). Anakinra was less effective than all of the other biologics, although this difference was statistically significant only for the comparison with adalimumab (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.21-0.99) and etanercept (OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.14-0.81). Adalimumab, anakinra and infliximab were more likely than etanercept to lead to withdrawals related to adverse events (adalimumab OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.18-3.04; anakinra OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.27-3.29; and infliximab OR 2.70, 95% CI 1.43-5.26). INTERPRETATION Given the limitations of indirect comparisons, anakinra was less effective than adalimumab and etanercept, and etanercept was safer than adalimumab, anakinra and infliximab. This summary of the evidence will help physicians and patients to make evidence-based choices about biologics for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasvinder A Singh
- Department of Medicine, Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, USA.
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