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Choiniere R, Richard PO, Morin M, Tu LM, Guyatt GH, Violette PD. Evaluation of benefits and harms of surgical treatments for post-radical prostatectomy urinary incontinence: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol. F1000Res 2019; 8:1155. [PMID: 33381297 PMCID: PMC7689604 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.19484.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Post-radical prostatectomy urinary incontinence (PPI) is a frequent and feared complication that can affect approximately 25% of patients. Between 1 and 10% of patients suffering from PPI will require surgery. The effectiveness of the available surgical interventions has only been compared in a few randomized controlled trials and the available reviews have important limitations regarding both benefits and harms that make them insufficient to inform decision-making. The aim of the study is to provide systematic summaries of benefits and harms of contemporary surgical treatment options for PPI through systematic review and meta-analysis using GRADE methodology and reporting in accord with the PRISMA-P statement. Methods: Studies pertaining to bulking agents, male synthetic slings, compressive balloon systems (ProACT) or artificial urinary sphincters (AUS) used for the treatment of patients suffering from PPI will be included. A systematic search will be conducted using the OVID and PubMED platforms in MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane databases, and reference lists of relevant reviews and guidelines. Trained independent reviewers will conduct study selection and data extraction. Outcomes will include the number of pads used per day, the 24-h pad weight test, the Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I) and the Incontinence Quality of Life (IQOL) as possible benefits and the reoperations, the Clavien-Dindo complications and the other reported adverse events as the harms. When possible, pooled analyses will be completed. Risk of bias will be assessed using the CLARITY tools and a new tool for the before-and-after studies without a control group. Finally, study heterogeneity will be assessed, publication bias will be evaluated with funnel plots and quality of evidence rated for each outcome. Discussion: Our study will address patient-important outcomes and will be useful in clinical decision-making as well as identifying key elements for future research. Study registration: PROSPERO: CRD42018073923 05/12/2018.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick O. Richard
- Research Center, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Melanie Morin
- Research Center, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- School of Rehabilitation, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Le-Mai Tu
- Research Center, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gordon H. Guyatt
- Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI) and Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philippe D. Violette
- Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI) and Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Santos ACSD, Rodrigues LDO, Azevedo DC, Carvalho LMDA, Fernandes MR, Avelar SDOS, Horta MGC, Kelles SMB. Artificial urinary sphincter for urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy: a historical cohort from 2004 to 2015. Int Braz J Urol 2017; 43:150-154. [PMID: 28124538 PMCID: PMC5293396 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2016.0244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate a cohort of patients with prostate cancer and persistent urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy. From January 2004 to December 2015, eighty-six individuals were identified to have received an AUS implant, provided by a private nonprofit HMO operating in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. On total, there were 91 AUS implants, with a median interval between radical prostatectomy and AUS implant of 3.6 years (IQR 1.9 to 5.5). The rate of AUS cumulative survival, after a median follow-up of 4.1 years (IQR 1.7-7.2 years), was 44% (n=40). The median survival of AUS implants was 2.9 years (IQR 0.5-7.9 years). Thirty-seven AUS implants (40.7%) resulted in grade III surgical complications. There were 5 deaths at 2.1, 4.7, 5.7, 5.7 and 6.5 years of follow-up, but none due to causes directly associated to the AUS implant. Persistent severe incontinence was documented in 14 (15.3%) additional patients. From the 51 AUS implants which resulted in grade III surgical complications or persistent severe incontinence, 24 (47.1%) underwent surgical revisions. Explantation of the sphincter or its components was observed in 6 cases (25.0%). Mechanical failure, described as fluid loss and/or inability to recycle the AUS device, was observed in 4 devices (16.7%). In conclusion, although AUS implants are recommended as the gold-standard treatment of severe urinary incontinence after prostatectomy, the observed high rates of malfunction and grade III adverse events are a matter of concern warranting further assessment on the safety and efficacy of these devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Cesar Soares Dos Santos
- Grupo de Avaliação de Tecnologia em Saúde, Unimed BH, MG, Brasil.,Núcleo de Avaliação de Tecnologia em Saúde, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), MG, Brasil
| | - Luíza de Oliveira Rodrigues
- Grupo de Avaliação de Tecnologia em Saúde, Unimed BH, MG, Brasil.,Núcleo de Avaliação de Tecnologia em Saúde, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), MG, Brasil
| | - Daniela Castelo Azevedo
- Grupo de Avaliação de Tecnologia em Saúde, Unimed BH, MG, Brasil.,Núcleo de Avaliação de Tecnologia em Saúde, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), MG, Brasil
| | - Lélia Maria de Almeida Carvalho
- Grupo de Avaliação de Tecnologia em Saúde, Unimed BH, MG, Brasil.,Núcleo de Avaliação de Tecnologia em Saúde, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), MG, Brasil
| | - Mariana Ribeiro Fernandes
- Grupo de Avaliação de Tecnologia em Saúde, Unimed BH, MG, Brasil.,Núcleo de Avaliação de Tecnologia em Saúde, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), MG, Brasil
| | - Sandra de Oliveira Sapori Avelar
- Grupo de Avaliação de Tecnologia em Saúde, Unimed BH, MG, Brasil.,Núcleo de Avaliação de Tecnologia em Saúde, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), MG, Brasil
| | - Maria Glória Cruvinel Horta
- Grupo de Avaliação de Tecnologia em Saúde, Unimed BH, MG, Brasil.,Núcleo de Avaliação de Tecnologia em Saúde, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), MG, Brasil
| | - Silvana Márcia Bruschi Kelles
- Grupo de Avaliação de Tecnologia em Saúde, Unimed BH, MG, Brasil.,Núcleo de Avaliação de Tecnologia em Saúde, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), MG, Brasil
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3
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Kirchin V, Page T, Keegan PE, Atiemo KOM, Cody JD, McClinton S, Aluko P. Urethral injection therapy for urinary incontinence in women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017; 7:CD003881. [PMID: 28738443 PMCID: PMC6483304 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd003881.pub4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary incontinence imposes a significant health and economic burden to society. Periurethral or transurethral injection of bulking agents is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used as one the surgical treatments of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in adult women. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of periurethral or transurethral injection therapy on the cure or improvement of urinary incontinence in women. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Incontinence Group Specialised Trials Register (searched 8 November 2010) and the reference lists of relevant articles. SELECTION CRITERIA All randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials of treatment for urinary incontinence in which at least one management arm involved periurethral or transurethral injection therapy. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently assessed methodological quality of each study using explicit criteria. Data extraction was undertaken independently and clarification concerning possible unreported data sought directly from the investigators. MAIN RESULTS Excluding duplicate reports, we identified 14 trials (excluding one that was subsequently withdrawn from publication and not included in this analysis) including 2004 women that met the inclusion criteria. The limited data available were not suitable for meta-analysis because they all came from separate trials. Trials were small and generally of moderate quality.One trial of 45 women that compared injection therapy with conservative treatment showed early benefit for the injectable therapy with respect to continence grade (risk ratio (RR) 0.70, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.52 to 0.94) and quality of life (mean difference (MD) 0.54, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.92). Another trial, comparing Injection of autologous fat with placebo, terminated early because of safety concerns. Two trials that compared injection with surgical management found significantly better objective cure in the surgical group (RR 4.77, 95% CI 1.96 to 11.64; and RR 1.69, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.79), although the latter trial data did not reach statistical significance if an intention-to-treat analysis was used.Eight trials compared different agents and all results had wide confidence intervals. Silicone particles, calcium hydroxylapatite, ethylene vinyl alcohol, carbon spheres and dextranomer hyaluronic acid combination gave improvements which were not shown to be more or less efficacious than collagen. Dextranomer hyaluronic acid compound treated patients appeared to have significantly higher rates of injection site complications (16% with the hyaluronic acid compound versus none with collagen; RR 37.78, 95% CI 2.34 to 610.12) and this product has now been withdrawn from the market.A comparison of periurethral and transurethral methods of injection found similar outcomes but a higher (though not statistically significant) rate of early complications in the periurethral group. One trial of 30 women showed a weak (but not clinically significant) advantage for patient satisfaction (data not suitable for analysis in RevMan) after mid-urethral injection in comparison to bladder neck injection but with no demonstrable difference in continence levels. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The available evidence base remains insufficient to guide practice. In addition, the finding that placebo saline injection was followed by a similar symptomatic improvement to bulking agent injection raises questions about the mechanism of any beneficial effects. One small trial comparing silicone particles with pelvic floor muscle training was suggestive of benefit at three months but it is not known if this was sustained, and the treatment was associated with high levels of postoperative retention and dysuria. Greater symptomatic improvement was observed with surgical treatments, though the advantages need to be set against likely higher risks. No clear-cut conclusions could be drawn from trials comparing alternative agents, although dextranomer hyaluronic acid was associated with more local side effects and is no longer commercially available for this indication. There is insufficient evidence to show superiority of mid-urethral or bladder neck injection. The single trial of autologous fat provides a reminder that periurethral injections can occasionally cause serious side effects. Also, a Brief Economic Commentary (BEC) identified three studies suggesting that urethral bulking agent might be more cost-effective compared with retropubic mid-urethral slings, transobturator or traditional sling procedure when used as an initial treatment in women without hypermobility or as a follow-up to surgery failure provided injection is kept minimal. However, urethral bulking agent might not be cost-effective when compared with traditional sling as an initial treatment of SUI when a patient is followed up for a longer period (15 months post-surgery).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivienne Kirchin
- Sunderland Royal HospitalDepartment of UrologyKayll RoadSunderlandTyne & WearUKSR4 7TP
| | - Tobias Page
- Freeman HospitalUrology DepartmentHigh HeatonNewcastleTyne & WearUKNE7 7DN
| | - Phil E Keegan
- Sunderland Royal HospitalDepartment of UrologyKayll RoadSunderlandTyne & WearUKSR4 7TP
| | - Kofi OM Atiemo
- Northwestern UniversityKovler Transplant Institute ‐ Department of General Surgery676 North Saint Clair, 19th FloorChicagoIllinoisUSA60610
| | - June D Cody
- Newcastle Universityc/o Cochrane Incontinence GroupInstitute of Health & SocietyBaddiley‐Clarke Building, Richardson RoadNewcastle upon TyneTyne and WearUKNE2 4AX
| | - Samuel McClinton
- Aberdeen Royal InfirmaryDepartment of Urology, Ward 209ForesterhillAberdeenUKAB25 2ZD
| | - Patricia Aluko
- Newcastle UniversityInstitute of Health and SocietyRichardson RoadNewcastle Upon TyneUKNE2 4AX
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4
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Engel O, Reiss P, Ludwig T, Riechardt S, Dahlem R, Fisch M. [Late consequences of urethral injuries. Reconstruction options]. Urologe A 2016; 55:479-83. [PMID: 26961356 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-016-0063-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stricture excision and posterior urethroplasty is the most common procedure after posttraumatic urethral strictures. RESULTS Re-strictures and fistulas are treated by repeat urethroplasty. Tension-free anastomosis is prerequisite for surgical success. Urinary incontinence after posttraumatic injuries is treated by an artificial urinary sphincter.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Engel
- Urologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsklinik Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Deutschland.
| | - P Reiss
- Urologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsklinik Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Deutschland
| | - T Ludwig
- Urologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsklinik Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Deutschland
| | - S Riechardt
- Urologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsklinik Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Deutschland
| | - R Dahlem
- Urologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsklinik Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Deutschland
| | - M Fisch
- Urologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsklinik Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Deutschland
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5
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Chertack N, Chaparala H, Angermeier KW, Montague DK, Wood HM. Foley or Fix: A Comparative Analysis of Reparative Procedures at the Time of Explantation of Artificial Urinary Sphincter for Cuff Erosion. Urology 2015; 90:173-8. [PMID: 26743390 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2015.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) cuff erosion intraoperative management methods: Foley catheter placement, abbreviated urethroplasty (AU), or mobilization with primary urethral anastomosis (PA). We reviewed these options to compare postoperative complications and probability of AUS reimplantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Medical records of patients treated for AUS cuff erosion from 2005 to 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. We divided patients into 3 groups based on intraoperative management of the urethra: Foley only, AU, or PA. Patient characteristics, operative times, outcomes, complications, and reimplantation factors were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS Seventy-five patients with a median age of 77 years (72-83) were treated for AUS cuff erosion. Fifty-two underwent Foley placement, 8 AU, and 15 PA. Mean follow-up was 13 months (0-106). Severe erosions were more common in the PA group than Foley or AU (100% vs 37%, 100% vs 38%, P <.001, P <.001, respectively). Severe erosions treated with Foley were more likely to develop strictures than mild erosions (38% vs 5%, P = .009). Tandem cuff patients treated with Foley were more likely to develop diverticuli than single cuff patients (33% vs 4%, P = .016). There was no difference in probability of reimplantation between PA and Foley or AU (63% vs 69%, 63% vs 33%, P = .748, P = .438, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Foley catheter placement alone may represent suboptimal management for severe or tandem cuff erosions due to increased risk of urethral complications. Urethral defect management should be determined at the time of explantation by individual patient characteristics and surgeon experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Chertack
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute-Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH; Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine-Cleveland, OH.
| | - Hemant Chaparala
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute-Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH; Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine-Cleveland, OH
| | - Kenneth W Angermeier
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute-Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
| | - Drogo K Montague
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute-Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
| | - Hadley M Wood
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute-Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
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Almallah YZ, Grimsley SJS. A report of a regional service for post-prostatectomy urinary incontinence: a model for best practice? Ther Adv Urol 2015; 7:69-75. [PMID: 25829950 DOI: 10.1177/1756287214561625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Post-prostatectomy incontinence (PPI) is a potentially highly significant complication of a common urological procedure. Pathophysiology may be multifactorial but most commonly involves urinary sphincter weakness. The gold standard treatment for severe incontinence is artificial urinary sphincter but multiple alternatives exist. The growing incidence of PPI has led to the development of a specialized regional service dedicated to management. PATIENTS AND METHODS In 2004 a regional referral protocol for PPI was established with a dedicated clinic at a single centre for assessment and management including videourodynamics, pelvic floor rehabilitation, biofeedback and a consultant with a specialist interest in PPI surgery. Data regarding all in-house and tertiary referrals to this clinic between 2004 and 2011 were analysed with patients categorized by symptom severity. RESULTS A total of 267 patients were referred to the post-prostatectomy service (mean age 66.6, range 49-83 years) with numbers increasing year on year. Two-thirds of these were tertiary referrals: 27.7% of referrals were for mild symptoms, 35.2% moderate and 33.3% severe. One-third of referrals were made within 2 years of the primary procedure. Just over half of referred patients underwent invasive treatment including 24.3 artificial sphincter (24.3%) and male slings (22.8%). 7.5% patients were managed with medication, 14.6% were managed conservatively with containment therapy only. One-fifth remain under assessment or have deferred treatment. CONCLUSION PPI is of increasing personal and societal impact which should be identified early and supported. Investigation and management can be standardized and intervention at a high volume centre achieved by early specialist referral.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zaki Almallah
- Department of Urology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK
| | - Samuel J S Grimsley
- Department of Urology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
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Anderson CA, Omar MI, Campbell SE, Hunter KF, Cody JD, Glazener CMA. Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015; 1:CD001843. [PMID: 25602133 PMCID: PMC7025637 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd001843.pub5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary incontinence is common after radical prostatectomy and can also occur in some circumstances after transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Conservative management includes pelvic floor muscle training with or without biofeedback, electrical stimulation, extra-corporeal magnetic innervation (ExMI), compression devices (penile clamps), lifestyle changes, or a combination of methods. OBJECTIVES To determine the effectiveness of conservative management for urinary incontinence up to 12 months after transurethral, suprapubic, laparoscopic, radical retropubic or perineal prostatectomy, including any single conservative therapy or any combination of conservative therapies. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Incontinence Group Specialised Register (5 February 2014), CENTRAL (2014, Issue 1), EMBASE (January 2010 to Week 3 2014), CINAHL (January 1982 to 18 January 2014), ClinicalTrials.gov and World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) (both searched 29 January 2014), and the reference lists of relevant articles. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials evaluating conservative interventions for urinary continence in men after prostatectomy. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two or more review authors assessed the methodological quality of the trials and abstracted data. We tried to contact several authors of included studies to obtain extra information. MAIN RESULTS Fifty trials met the inclusion criteria, 45 in men after radical prostatectomy, four trials after TURP and one trial after either operation. The trials included 4717 men of whom 2736 had an active conservative intervention. There was considerable variation in the interventions, populations and outcome measures. Data were not available for many of the pre-stated outcomes. Men's symptoms improved over time irrespective of management.There was no evidence from eight trials that pelvic floor muscle training with or without biofeedback was better than control for men who had urinary incontinence up to 12 months after radical prostatectomy; the quality of the evidence was judged to be moderate (for example 57% with urinary incontinence in the intervention group versus 62% in the control group, risk ratio (RR) for incontinence after 12 months 0.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.60 to 1.22). One large multi-centre trial of one-to-one therapy showed no difference in any urinary or quality of life outcome measures and had narrow CIs. It seems unlikely that men benefit from one-to-one PFMT therapy after TURP. Individual small trials provided data to suggest that electrical stimulation, external magnetic innervation, or combinations of treatments might be beneficial but the evidence was limited. Amongst trials of conservative treatment for all men after radical prostatectomy, aimed at both treatment and prevention, there was moderate evidence of an overall benefit from pelvic floor muscle training versus control management in terms of reduction of urinary incontinence (for example 10% with urinary incontinence after one year in the intervention groups versus 32% in the control groups, RR for urinary incontinence 0.32, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.51). However, this finding was not supported by other data from pad tests. The findings should be treated with caution because the risk of bias assessment showed methodological limitations. Men in one trial were more satisfied with one type of external compression device, which had the lowest urine loss, compared to two others or no treatment. The effect of other conservative interventions such as lifestyle changes remained undetermined as no trials involving these interventions were identified. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The value of the various approaches to conservative management of postprostatectomy incontinence after radical prostatectomy remains uncertain. The evidence is conflicting and therefore rigorous, adequately powered randomised controlled trials (RCTs) which abide by the principles and recommendations of the CONSORT statement are still needed to obtain a definitive answer. The trials should be robustly designed to answer specific well constructed research questions and include outcomes which are important from the patient's perspective in decision making and are also relevant to the healthcare professionals. Long-term incontinence may be managed by an external penile clamp, but there are safety problems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Imran Omar
- University of AberdeenAcademic Urology UnitAberdeenUKAB25 2ZD
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK
| | - Susan E Campbell
- University of East AngliaSchool of Health SciencesEdith Cavell BuildingNorwich Research ParkNorwichUKNR4 7TJ
| | - Kathleen F Hunter
- University of AlbertaFaculty of Nursing3rd Floor Clinical Sciences BuildingEdmontonABCanadaT6G 2G3
| | - June D Cody
- University of AberdeenCochrane Incontinence Review Group2nd Floor, Health Sciences BuildingHealth Sciences BuildingForesterhillAberdeenUKAB25 2ZD
| | - Cathryn MA Glazener
- University of AberdeenHealth Services Research Unit3rd Floor, Health Sciences BuildingForesterhillAberdeenScotlandUKAB25 2ZD
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Krause J, Tietze S, Behrendt W, Nast J, Hamza A. Reconstructive surgery for male stress urinary incontinence: Experiences using the ATOMS(®) system at a single center. GMS INTERDISCIPLINARY PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY DGPW 2014; 3:Doc15. [PMID: 26504726 PMCID: PMC4582500 DOI: 10.3205/iprs000056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To propose possible success-driven solutions for problem and complication rates encountered with the ATOMS(®) sling system, based on first-hand experience; and to provide possible actual alternative scenarios for the treatment of male stress urinary incontinence (SUI). PATIENTS AND METHODS During the defined period (between 4/2010 and 04/2014), 36 patients received ATOMS(®) system implants at our clinic. We collected pre- and post-operative evaluation data using the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form (ICIQ SF). As an expansion of the questionnaire, we added questions about post-operative perineal pain, the general satisfaction with the results of the intervention and willingness to recommend the operation to a best friend. RESULTS Our data shows a relatively high explantation rate, but a surprisingly high patient satisfaction rate. Explantation was required mainly due to late onset infections or other symptomatic factors. Compared to other studies early onset infections were rare. CONCLUSION A non-invasive, uncomplicated adjustable system to alleviate male stress urinary incontinence remains a challenge. Although there are various systems available for the treatment of male stress urinary incontinence, it seems that despite the advantages of the ATOMS(®) system, an artificial sphincter system may pose more advantages based on our experience, understanding and knowledge of its well-documented long-term solutions and problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Krause
- Department of Urology, Klinikum St. Georg gGmbH, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Tietze
- Department of Urology, Klinikum St. Georg gGmbH, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wolf Behrendt
- Department of Urology, Klinikum St. Georg gGmbH, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jenifer Nast
- Department of Urology, Klinikum St. Georg gGmbH, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Amir Hamza
- Department of Urology, Klinikum St. Georg gGmbH, Leipzig, Germany
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9
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Soave A, Engel O, Rink M, Fisch M, Dahlem R. [Therapy of persistent or recurrent stress urinary incontinence]. Urologe A 2014; 53:346-53. [PMID: 24556709 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-013-3352-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
After synthetic sling procedures, up to 16 % of women and 45.5 % of men complain about a persistent or recurrent stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Currently, randomized studies comparing the different treatment modalities of persistent or recurrent SUI are lacking. There are data of retrospective studies investigating the efficiency of synthetic slings and the artificial urinary sphincter AMS 800® in men. Synthetic slings can be applied in patients with mild SUI and without prior radiation of the pelvic region. The AMS 800® is the treatment of choice in patients with severe SUI or previous radiation.In women with persistent and recurrent SUI, the efficiency of colposuspensions, autologous and synthetic slings as well as the AMS 800® has been investigated in retrospective studies. Due to comparable cure rates and a faster postoperative recovery, synthetic slings are now superseding colposuspensions and autologous slings. Excellent success rates after AMS 800® implantation have been described for both genders; nonetheless, postoperative complications and revisions as well as the requirement of dexterity of the patients should be taken into account. Data about the efficiency of adjustable slings, the ACT® and newer artificial urinary sphincter devices like Flow-Secure® and Zephyr® ZSI 375 in the treatment of persistent and recurrent SUI is lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Soave
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Deutschland,
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10
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Jura YH, Comiter CV. Urodynamics for postprostatectomy incontinence: when are they helpful and how do we use them? Urol Clin North Am 2014; 41:419-27, viii. [PMID: 25063598 DOI: 10.1016/j.ucl.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Urodynamics is indicated for the evaluation of postprostatectomy incontinence unless an artificial urinary sphincter placement is the preferred option, as in cases of severe incontinence, prior radiation, or previous male sling or artificial urinary sphincter placement--when male sling is unlikely to achieve efficacy. Urodynamics should be performed only when there is a question it can answer that would affect treatment choice or outcome. Urodynamic findings of detrusor underactivity, overactivity, and reduced compliance are important considerations in deciding how best to treat postprostatectomy incontinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying H Jura
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Craig V Comiter
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Stafford RE, Mazzone S, Ashton-Miller JA, Constantinou C, Hodges PW. Dynamics of male pelvic floor muscle contraction observed with transperineal ultrasound imaging differ between voluntary and evoked coughs. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2014; 116:953-60. [PMID: 24526580 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01225.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Coughing provokes stress urinary incontinence, and voluntary coughs are employed clinically to assess pelvic floor dysfunction. Understanding urethral dynamics during coughing in men is limited, and it is unclear whether voluntary coughs are an appropriate surrogate for spontaneous coughs. We aimed to investigate the dynamics of urethral motion in continent men during voluntary and evoked coughs. Thirteen men (28-42 years) with no history of urological disorders volunteered to participate. Transperineal ultrasound (US) images were recorded and synchronized with measures of intraabdominal pressure (IAP), airflow, and abdominal/chest wall electromyography during voluntary coughs and coughs evoked by inhalation of nebulized capsaicin. Temporal and spatial aspects of urethral movement induced by contraction of the striated urethral sphincter (SUS), levator ani (LA), and bulbocavernosus (BC) muscles and mechanical aspects of cough generation were investigated. Results showed coughing involved complex urethral dynamics. Urethral motion implied SUS and BC shortening and LA lengthening during preparatory and expulsion phases. Evoked coughs resulted in greater IAP, greater bladder base descent (LA lengthening), and greater midurethral displacement (SUS shortening). The preparatory inspiration cough phase was shorter during evoked coughs, as was the latency between onset of midurethral displacement and expulsion. Maximum midurethral displacement coincided with maximal bladder base descent during voluntary cough, but followed it during evoked cough. The data revealed complex interaction between muscles involved in continence in men. Spatial and temporal differences in urethral dynamics and cough mechanics between cough types suggest that voluntary coughing may not adequately assess capacity of the continence mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan E Stafford
- Centre for Clinical Research Excellence - Spinal Pain, Injury and Health, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Yiou R, Hogrel JY, Loche CM, Authier FJ, Lecorvoisier P, Jouany P, Roudot-Thoraval F, Lefaucheur JP. Periurethral skeletal myofibre implantation in patients with urinary incontinence and intrinsic sphincter deficiency: a phase I clinical trial. BJU Int 2013; 111:1105-16. [PMID: 23470219 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2012.11682.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED WHAT'S KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT? AND WHAT DOES THE STUDY ADD?: Cell therapy using muscle precursor cell (MPC) injections has shown promise for urinary incontinence due to intrinsic sphincter deficiency (ISD), but the cell-preparation process is complex and costly. Implantation of freshly isolated myofibres carrying MPCs, mainly satellite cells, was very efficient in repairing muscle damage in recent animal experiments. In a phase I clinical trial, we investigated whether periurethral myofibre implantation generated local myogenesis and improved continence in 10 patients (five men and five women) with ISD. We found that myofibre implantation increased intraurethral pressure and periurethral electromyographic activity in patients with ISD. There were no serious side-effects. OBJECTIVES To assess the safety of periurethral myofibre implantation in patients with urinary incontinence due to intrinsic sphincter deficiency (ISD) To assess the resulting myogenic process and effects on urinary continence. PATIENTS AND METHODS An open-label non-randomised phase I clinical trial was conducted in five men and five women with ISD (mean age, 62.5 years). A free muscle strip from the patient's gracilis muscle was implanted around the urethra as a means to deliver locally myofibres and muscle precursor cells (MPCs). Patients were assessed for collection formation and incomplete bladder emptying. The maximum urethral closure pressure (MUCP) and concomitant periurethral electromyographic (EMG) activity were recorded before surgery and 1 and 3 months after surgery. Continence was assessed using the 24-h pad test and self-completed questionnaires, for 12 months. RESULTS There were no serious side-effects. Continence improved significantly during the 12-month follow-up in four of the five women, including two who recovered normal continence. In the women, MUCP increased two-fold and de novo EMG periurethral activity was recorded. In the men, MUCP and EMG recordings showed similar improvements but the effect on continence was moderate. The few patients enrolled could affect these results. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of a one-step procedure for transferring autologous MPCs via myofibre implantation in patients with ISD. EMG and urodynamic assessments showed improvement of periurethral muscle activity. Further work is needed to confirm and improve the therapeutic efficiency of this procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Yiou
- Service d’Urologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, 51 avenue du Maréchal de Lattre deTassigny, Créteil, France.
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Hollenbeck BK. Editorial comment. Urology 2012; 79:1178-9; author reply 1179. [PMID: 22546397 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2011.11.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brent K Hollenbeck
- Herbert H. and Grace A. Dow Division of Health Services Research, Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Kirchin V, Page T, Keegan PE, Atiemo K, Cody JD, McClinton S. Urethral injection therapy for urinary incontinence in women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012:CD003881. [PMID: 22336797 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd003881.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periurethral or transurethral injection of bulking agents is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence in adult women. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of periurethral or transurethral injection therapy on the cure or improvement of urinary incontinence in women. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Incontinence Group Specialised Trials Register (searched 8 November 2010) and the reference lists of relevant articles. SELECTION CRITERIA All randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials of treatment for urinary incontinence in which at least one management arm involved periurethral or transurethral injection therapy. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently assessed methodological quality of each study using explicit criteria. Data extraction was undertaken independently and clarification concerning possible unreported data sought directly from the investigators. MAIN RESULTS Excluding duplicate reports, we identified 14 trials (excluding one that was subsequently withdrawn from publication and not included in this analysis) including 2004 women that met the inclusion criteria. The limited data available were not suitable for meta-analysis because they all came from separate trials. Trials were small and generally of moderate quality.One trial of 45 women that compared injection therapy with conservative treatment showed early benefit for the injectable with respect to continence grade (risk ratio (RR) 0.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.52 to 0.94) and quality of life (RR 0.54, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.92). Another, comparing Injection of autologous fat with placebo, terminated early because of safety concerns. Two trials that compared injection with surgical management found significantly better objective cure in the surgical group (RR 4.77, 95% CI 1.96 to 11.64; and RR 1.69, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.79), although the latter trial data did not reach statistical significance if an intention-to-treat analysis was used.Eight trials compared different agents and all results had wide confidence intervals. Silicone particles, calcium hydroxylapatite, ethylene vinyl alcohol, carbon spheres and dextranomer hyaluronic acid combination gave improvements which were not shown to be more or less efficacious than collagen. Dextranomer hyaluronic acid compound treated patients appeared to have significantly higher rates of injection site complications (16% with the hyaluronic acid compound versus none with collagen; RR 37.78, 95% CI 2.34 to 610) and this product has now been withdrawn from the market.A comparison of periurethral and transurethral methods of injection found similar outcomes but a higher (though not statistically significant) rate of early complications in the periurethral group. One trial of 30 women showed a weak (but not clinically significant) advantage for patient satisfaction (data not suitable for analysis in Revman) after mid-urethral injection in comparison to bladder neck injection but with no demonstrable difference in continence levels. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The available evidence base remains insufficient to guide practice. In addition, the finding that placebo saline injection was followed by a similar symptomatic improvement to bulking agent injection raises questions about the mechanism of any beneficial effects. One small trial comparing silicone particles with pelvic floor muscle training was suggestive of benefit at three months but it is not known if this was sustained, and the treatment was associated with high levels of postoperative retention and dysuria. Greater symptomatic improvement was observed with surgical treatments, though the advantages need to be set against likely higher risks. No clear-cut conclusions could be drawn from trials comparing alternative agents, although dextranomer hyaluronic acid was associated with more local side effects and is no longer commercially available for this indication. There is insufficient evidence to show superiority of mid-urethral or bladder neck injection. The single trial of autologous fat provides a reminder that periurethral injections can occasionally cause serious side effects.
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Campbell SE, Glazener CM, Hunter KF, Cody JD, Moore KN. Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012; 1:CD001843. [PMID: 22258946 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd001843.pub4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary incontinence is common after both radical prostatectomy and transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Conservative management includes pelvic floor muscle training with or without biofeedback, electrical stimulation, extra-corporeal magnetic innervation (ExMI), compression devices (penile clamps), lifestyle changes, or a combination of methods. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of conservative management for urinary incontinence after prostatectomy. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Incontinence Group Specialised Register (searched 24 August 2011), EMBASE (January 1980 to Week 48 2009), CINAHL (January 1982 to 20 November 2009), the reference lists of relevant articles, handsearched conference proceedings and contacted investigators to locate studies. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials evaluating conservative interventions for urinary continence in men after prostatectomy. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two or more review authors assessed the methodological quality of trials and abstracted data. We tried to contact several authors of included studies to obtain extra information. MAIN RESULTS Thirty-seven trials met the inclusion criteria, 33 amongst men after radical prostatectomy, three trials after transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and one trial after either operation. The trials included 3399 men, of whom 1937 had an active conservative intervention. There was considerable variation in the interventions, populations and outcome measures. Data were not available for many of the pre-stated outcomes. Men's symptoms improved over time irrespective of management. Adverse effects did not occur or were not reported.There was no evidence from eight trials that pelvic floor muscle training with or without biofeedback was better than control for men who had urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy (e.g. 57% with urinary incontinence versus 62% in the control group, risk ratio (RR) for incontinence after 12 months 0.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.60 to 1.22) as the confidence intervals were wide, reflecting uncertainty. However, one large multicentre trial of one-to-one therapy showed no difference in any urinary or quality of life outcome measures and had narrower confidence intervals. There was also no evidence of benefit for erectile dysfunction (56% with no erection in the pelvic floor muscle training group versus 55% in the control group after one year, RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.84 to 1.20). Individual small trials provided data to suggest that electrical stimulation, external magnetic innervation or combinations of treatments might be beneficial but the evidence was limited. One large trial demonstrated that there was no benefit for incontinence or erectile dysfunction from a one-to-one pelvic floor muscle training based intervention to men who were incontinent after transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) (e.g. 65% with urinary incontinence versus 62% in the control group, RR after 12 months 1.05, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.23).In eight trials of conservative treatment of all men after radical prostatectomy aimed at both treatment and prevention, there was an overall benefit from pelvic floor muscle training versus control management in terms of reduction of UI (e.g. 10% with urinary incontinence after one year versus 32% in the control groups, RR for urinary incontinence 0.32, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.51). However, this finding was not supported by other data from pad tests. The findings should be treated with caution, as most trials were of poor to moderate quality and confidence intervals were wide. Men in one trial were more satisfied with one type of external compression device, which had the lowest urine loss, compared to two others or no treatment. The effect of other conservative interventions such as lifestyle changes remains undetermined as no trials involving these interventions were identified. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The value of the various approaches to conservative management of postprostatectomy incontinence after radical prostatectomy remains uncertain. It seems unlikely that men benefit from one-to-one pelvic floor muscle training therapy after transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Long-term incontinence may be managed by external penile clamp, but there are safety problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Campbell
- School of Nursing Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences,University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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Welk BK, Herschorn S. The male sling for post-prostatectomy urinary incontinence: a review of contemporary sling designs and outcomes. BJU Int 2011; 109:328-44. [PMID: 22004176 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2010.10502.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the outcomes and adverse events associated with novel male sling designs described in the last decade. METHODS A literature review was carried out using Medline, EmBase, Cochrane Registered Trials Database and the Center for Reviews and Dissemination Database. RESULTS Three principal slings are described in the literature. The bone-anchored sling has success rates of 40-88%, with some series having a mean follow-up of 36-48 months. It is associated with a mesh infection rate of 2-12%, which usually requires sling explantation. The retrourethral transobturator sling has a success rate of 76-91% among three large case series with follow-ups of 12-27 months. There is a low reported explantation rate. The adjustable retropubic sling has a success rate of 72-79% with follow-ups of 26-45 months. Erosion (3-13%) and infection (3-11%) can lead to explantation. CONCLUSIONS Most male slings have a similar reported efficacy. Most case series define success as either dry or improved. True cure rates are lower. Mid- and long-term data are now available that indicate the male sling is a viable option for PPI. The use of male slings in severe UI, radiated patients, and non-radical prostatectomy patients is still unclear. Further study is needed to try and define criteria for the use of male slings, and to directly compare different procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blayne K Welk
- Division of Urology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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