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Dettori M, Riccardi N, Canetti D, Antonello RM, Piana AF, Palmieri A, Castiglia P, Azara AA, Masia MD, Porcu A, Ginesu GC, Cossu ML, Conti M, Pirina P, Fois A, Maida I, Madeddu G, Babudieri S, Saderi L, Sotgiu G. Infections in lung transplanted patients: A review. Pulmonology 2024; 30:287-304. [PMID: 35710714 DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2022.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung transplantation can improve the survival of patients with severe chronic pulmonary disorders. However, the short- and long-term risk of infections can increase morbidity and mortality rates. A non-systematic review was performed to provide the most updated information on pathogen, host, and environment-related factors associated with the occurrence of bacterial, fungal, and viral infections as well as the most appropriate therapeutic options. Bacterial infections account for about 50% of all infectious diseases in lung transplanted patients, while viruses represent the second cause of infection accounting for one third of all infections. Almost 10% of patients develop invasive fungal infections during the first year after lung transplant. Pre-transplantation comorbidities, disruption of physical barriers during the surgery, and exposure to nosocomial pathogens during the hospital stay are directly associated with the occurrence of life-threatening infections. Empiric antimicrobial treatment after the assessment of individual risk factors, local epidemiology of drug-resistant pathogens and possible drug-drug interactions can improve the clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dettori
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - N Riccardi
- StopTB Italia Onlus, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - D Canetti
- StopTB Italia Onlus, Milan, Italy; Department of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - R M Antonello
- Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Trieste University, Trieste, Italy
| | - A F Piana
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - A Palmieri
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - P Castiglia
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - A A Azara
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - M D Masia
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - A Porcu
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - G C Ginesu
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - M L Cossu
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - M Conti
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - P Pirina
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - A Fois
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - I Maida
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - G Madeddu
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - S Babudieri
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - L Saderi
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - G Sotgiu
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy; StopTB Italia Onlus, Milan, Italy.
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2
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Barnett JP. Transcriptional Response of Burkholderia cenocepacia H111 to Severe Zinc Starvation. Br J Biomed Sci 2023; 80:11597. [PMID: 37822354 PMCID: PMC10563805 DOI: 10.3389/bjbs.2023.11597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Burkholderia cenocepacia is an opportunistic pathogen that is primarily associated with severe respiratory infections in people with cystic fibrosis. These bacteria have significant intrinsic resistance to antimicrobial therapy, and there is a need for more effective treatments. Bacterial zinc uptake and homeostasis systems are attractive targets for new drugs, yet our understanding of how bacteria acquire and utilise zinc remains incomplete. Here we have used RNA-sequencing and differential gene expression analysis to investigate how B. cenocepacia H111 is able to survive in zinc poor environments, such as those expected to be encountered within the host. The data shows that 201 genes are significantly differentially expressed when zinc supply is severely limited. Included in the 85 upregulated genes, are genes encoding a putative ZnuABC high affinity zinc importer, two TonB-dependent outer membrane receptors that may facilitate zinc uptake across the outer cell membrane, and a COG0523 family zinc metallochaperone. Amongst the 116 downregulated genes, are several zinc-dependent enzymes suggesting a mechanism of zinc sparring to reduce the cells demand for zinc when bioavailability is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Paul Barnett
- College of Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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3
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Nye C, Duckers J, Dhillon R. Cefiderocol to manage chronic, multi-drug-resistant Burkholderia cepacia complex infection in a patient with cystic fibrosis: a case report. Access Microbiol 2022; 4:acmi000413. [PMID: 36415733 PMCID: PMC9675169 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, Gram-negative Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) infections are associated with recurrent pulmonary exacerbations. Bcc organisms are innately resistant to many antibiotics, and infection with B. cenocepacia is a contraindication to lung transplantation. We report a CF patient with severe lung disease, colonized with Bcc, with a history of around nine exacerbations per year for over 10 years, for whom antibiotic regimens (including targeted and broad-spectrum antibiotics) had not cleared infection or extended the interval between exacerbations. After receiving a 2 week cefiderocol-containing regimen, the patient remained stable for more than 5 months without the need for additional antibiotics or hospital admissions for respiratory exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemency Nye
- Public Health Wales Microbiology Cardiff, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK,*Correspondence: Clemency Nye,
| | - Jamie Duckers
- All Wales Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, University Hospital Llandough, Cardiff CF64 2XX, UK
| | - Rishi Dhillon
- Public Health Wales Microbiology Cardiff, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK
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Sousa SA, Seixas AMM, Marques JMM, Leitão JH. Immunization and Immunotherapy Approaches against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia Complex Infections. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9060670. [PMID: 34207253 PMCID: PMC8234409 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human infections caused by the opportunist pathogens Burkholderia cepacia complex and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are of particular concern due to their severity, their multiple antibiotic resistance, and the limited eradication efficiency of the current available treatments. New therapeutic options have been pursued, being vaccination strategies to prevent or limit these infections as a rational approach to tackle these infections. In this review, immunization and immunotherapy approaches currently available and under study against these bacterial pathogens is reviewed. Ongoing active and passive immunization clinical trials against P. aeruginosa infections is also reviewed. Novel identified bacterial targets and their possible exploitation for the development of immunization and immunotherapy strategies against P. aeruginosa and B. cepacia complex and infections are also presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia A. Sousa
- Department of Bioengineering, IBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.M.M.S.); (J.M.M.M.)
- Associate Laboratory, i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence: (S.A.S.); (J.H.L.); Tel.: +351-218417688 (J.H.L.)
| | - António M. M. Seixas
- Department of Bioengineering, IBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.M.M.S.); (J.M.M.M.)
- Associate Laboratory, i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana M. M. Marques
- Department of Bioengineering, IBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.M.M.S.); (J.M.M.M.)
| | - Jorge H. Leitão
- Department of Bioengineering, IBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.M.M.S.); (J.M.M.M.)
- Associate Laboratory, i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence: (S.A.S.); (J.H.L.); Tel.: +351-218417688 (J.H.L.)
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Ahmad S, Kim CSK, Tarran R. The SPLUNC1-βENaC complex prevents Burkholderia cenocepacia invasion in normal airway epithelia. Respir Res 2020; 21:190. [PMID: 32680508 PMCID: PMC7368771 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01454-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients are extremely vulnerable to Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) infections. However, the underlying etiology is poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that short palate lung and nasal epithelial clone 1 (SPLUNC1)–epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) interactions at the plasma membrane are required to reduce Bcc burden in normal airways. To determine if SPLUNC1 was needed to reduce Bcc burden in the airways, SPLUNC1 knockout mice and their wild-type littermates were infected with B. cenocepacia strain J2315. SPLUNC1 knockout mice had increased bacterial burden in the lungs compared to wild-type littermate mice. SPLUNC1-knockdown primary human bronchial epithelia (HBECs) were incubated with J2315, which resulted in increased bacterial burden compared to non-transduced HBECs. We next determined the interaction of the SPLUNC1-ENaC complex during J2315 infection. SPLUNC1 remained at the apical plasma membrane of normal HBECs but less was present at the apical plasma membrane of CF HBECs. Additionally, SPLUNC1-βENaC complexes reduced intracellular J2315 burden. Our data indicate that (i) secreted SPLUNC1 is required to reduce J2315 burden in the airways and (ii) its interaction with ENaC prevents cellular invasion of J2315.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saira Ahmad
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina, Marsico Lung Insitute, 115 Mason Farm Rd CB 7545, UNC, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Christine Seul Ki Kim
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina, Marsico Lung Insitute, 115 Mason Farm Rd CB 7545, UNC, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Present address: Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Robert Tarran
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina, Marsico Lung Insitute, 115 Mason Farm Rd CB 7545, UNC, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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6
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Lord R, Jones AM, Horsley A. Antibiotic treatment for Burkholderia cepacia complex in people with cystic fibrosis experiencing a pulmonary exacerbation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020; 4:CD009529. [PMID: 32239690 PMCID: PMC7117566 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd009529.pub4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic pulmonary infection is a hallmark of lung disease in cystic fibrosis. Infections dominated by organisms of the Burkholderia cepacia complex, a group of at least 18 closely-related species of gram-negative bacteria, are particularly difficult to treat. These infections may be associated with a fulminant necrotising pneumonia. Burkholderia cepacia complex bacteria are resistant to many common antibiotics and able to acquire resistance against many more. Following patient segregation in cystic fibrosis medical care, the more virulent epidemic strains are not as frequent, and new infections are more likely to be with less virulent environmentally-acquired strains. Although evidence-based guidelines exist for treating respiratory exacerbations involving Pseudomonas aeruginosa, these cannot be extended to Burkholderia cepacia complex infections. This review, which is an update of a previous review, aims to assess the available trial evidence for the choice and application of treatments for these infections. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness and safety of different antibiotic regimens in people with cystic fibrosis experiencing an exacerbation and chronically infected with organisms of the Burkholderia cepacia complex. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Cystic Fibrosis Trials Register, compiled from electronic database searches and handsearching of journals and conference abstract books. We also searched the reference lists of relevant articles and reviews. Date of latest search: 29 May 2019. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials of treatments for exacerbations of pulmonary symptoms in people with cystic fibrosis chronically infected with organisms of the Burkholderia cepacia complex. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS No relevant trials were identified. MAIN RESULTS No trials were included in this review. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Burkholderia cepacia complex infections present a significant challenge for people with cystic fibrosis and their clinicians. The incidence is likely to increase as the cystic fibrosis population ages; and managing and treating these infections will become more important. There is a lack of trial evidence to guide decision making and no conclusions can be drawn from this review about the optimal antibiotic regimens for people with cystic fibrosis who have chronic Burkholderia cepacia complex infections. Clinicians must continue to assess each person individually, taking into account in vitro antibiotic susceptibility data, previous clinical responses and their own experience. Multicentre randomised clinical trials are needed to assess the effectiveness of different antibiotic regimens in people with cystic fibrosis infected with organisms of the Burkholderia cepacia complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Lord
- University Hospital of South ManchesterSchool of Translational MedicineSouthmoor RoadManchesterUKM23 9LT
- South Manchester University Hospitals NHS TrustManchester Adult Cystic Fibrosis CentreManchesterUK
| | - Andrew M Jones
- University Hospital of South ManchesterSchool of Translational MedicineSouthmoor RoadManchesterUKM23 9LT
- South Manchester University Hospitals NHS TrustManchester Adult Cystic Fibrosis CentreManchesterUK
| | - Alex Horsley
- University Hospital of South ManchesterSchool of Translational MedicineSouthmoor RoadManchesterUKM23 9LT
- South Manchester University Hospitals NHS TrustManchester Adult Cystic Fibrosis CentreManchesterUK
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7
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Activity of Aerosolized Levofloxacin against Burkholderia cepacia in a Mouse Model of Chronic Lung Infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:AAC.01988-19. [PMID: 31712215 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01988-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia cepacia complex is an opportunistic pathogen capable of causing chronic pulmonary infections. These studies were conducted to demonstrate the activity of aerosolized levofloxacin in a chronic mouse lung infection model caused by B. cepacia isolates from patients with cystic fibrosis. Treatment with aerosolized levofloxacin for 4 days produced at least 1 log CFU of bacterial killing against all strains tested, suggesting possible utility in the treatment of lung infections caused by B. cepacia isolates.
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Abstract
With the improving survival of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and the advent of highly effective cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator therapy, the clinical spectrum of this complex multisystem disease continues to evolve. One of the most important clinical events for patients with CF in the course of this disease is an acute pulmonary exacerbation. Clinical and microbial epidemiology studies of CF pulmonary exacerbations continue to provide important insight into the disease course, prognosis, and complications. This work has now led to a number of large scale clinical trials with the goal of improving the treatment paradigm for CF pulmonary exacerbation. The primary goal of this review is to provide a summary of the pathophysiology, the clinical epidemiology, microbial epidemiology, outcome and the treatment of CF pulmonary exacerbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher H Goss
- CFF Therapeutics Development Network Coordinating Center, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington.,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
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Frost F, Shaw M, Nazareth D. Antibiotic therapy for chronic infection with Burkholderia cepacia complex in people with cystic fibrosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019; 6:CD013079. [PMID: 31194880 PMCID: PMC6564086 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013079.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic fibrosis (CF) a life-limiting inherited disease affecting a number of organs, but classically associated with chronic lung infection and progressive loss of lung function. Chronic infection by Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality and therefore represents a significant challenge to clinicians treating people with CF. This review examines the current evidence for long-term antibiotic therapy in people with CF and chronic BCC infection. OBJECTIVES The objective of this review is to assess the effects of long-term oral and inhaled antibiotic therapy targeted against chronic BCC lung infections in people with CF. The primary objective is to assess the efficacy of treatments in terms of improvements in lung function and reductions in exacerbation rate. Secondary objectives include quantifying adverse events, mortality and changes in quality of life associated with treatment. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Cystic Fibrosis Trials Register, compiled from electronic database searches and handsearching of journals and conference abstract books. We also searched online trial registries and the reference lists of relevant articles and reviews.Date of last search: 29 May 2019. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of long-term antibiotic therapy in people with CF and chronic BCC infection. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently extracted data, assessed risk of bias and assessed the quality of the evidence using GRADE. MAIN RESULTS We included one RCT (100 participants) which lasted 52 weeks comparing continuous inhaled aztreonam lysine (AZLI) and placebo in a double-blind RCT for 24 weeks, followed by a 24-week open-label extension and a four-week follow-up period. The average participant age was 26.3 years, 61% were male and average lung function was 56.5% predicted.Treatment with AZLI for 24 weeks was not associated with improvement in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), mean difference 0.91% (95% confidence interval (CI) -3.15 to 4.97) (moderate-quality evidence). The median time to the next exacerbation was 75 days in the AZLI group compared to 51 days in the placebo group, but the difference was not significant (P = 0.27) (moderate-quality evidence). Similarly, the number of participants hospitalised for respiratory exacerbations showed no difference between groups, risk ratio (RR) 0.88 (95% CI 0.53 to 1.45) (moderate-quality evidence). Overall adverse events were similar between groups, RR 1.08 (95% CI 0.98 to 1.19) (moderate-quality evidence). There were no significant differences between treatment groups in relation to mortality (moderate-quality evidence), quality of life or sputum density.In relation to methodological quality, the overall risk of bias in the study was assessed to be unclear to low risk. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS We found insufficient evidence from the literature to determine an effective strategy for antibiotic therapy for treating chronic BCC infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freddy Frost
- Liverpool Heart & Chest HospitalAdult CF CentreThomas DriveLiverpoolMerseysideUKL3 9BZ
| | - Matthew Shaw
- Liverpool Heart & Chest HospitalResearch UnitThomas DriveLiverpoolMerseysideUKL14 3PE
| | - Dilip Nazareth
- Liverpool Heart & Chest HospitalAdult CF CentreThomas DriveLiverpoolMerseysideUKL3 9BZ
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Tagliaferri TL, Jansen M, Horz HP. Fighting Pathogenic Bacteria on Two Fronts: Phages and Antibiotics as Combined Strategy. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:22. [PMID: 30834237 PMCID: PMC6387922 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
With the emerging threat of infections caused by multidrug resistant bacteria, phages have been reconsidered as an alternative for treating infections caused by tenacious pathogens. However, instead of replacing antibiotics, the combination of both types of antimicrobials can be superior over the use of single agents. Enhanced bacterial suppression, more efficient penetration into biofilms, and lowered chances for the emergence of phage resistance are the likely advantages of the combined strategy. While a number of studies have provided experimental evidence in support of this concept, negative interference between phages and antibiotics have been reported as well. Neutral effects have also been observed, but in those cases, combined approaches may still be important for at least hampering the development of resistance. In any case, the choice of phage type and antibiotic as well as their mixing ratios must be given careful consideration when deciding for a dual antibacterial approach. The most frequently tested bacterium for a combined antibacterial treatment has been Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but encouraging results have also been reported for Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterococcus faecalis, and Burkholderia cepacia. Given the immense play area of conceivable phage-antibiotic combinations and their potential excess value, it is time to recapitulate of what has been achieved so far. This review therefore gathers and compares the results from most relevant studies in order to help researchers and clinicians in their strategies to combat multidrug resistant bacteria. Special attention is given to the selected bacterial model organisms, the phage families and genera employed, and the experimental design and evaluation (e.g., in vitro vs. in vivo models, biofilm vs. planktonic culture experiments, order and frequency of administration etc.). The presented data may serve as a framework for directed further experimental approaches to ultimately achieve a resolute challenge of multidrug resistant bacteria based on traditional antibiotics and phages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaysa Leite Tagliaferri
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mathias Jansen
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Horz
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
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Rowbotham NJ, Smith S, Prayle AP, Robinson KA, Smyth AR. Gaps in the evidence for treatment decisions in cystic fibrosis: a systematic review. Thorax 2018; 74:229-236. [PMID: 30301819 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2017-210858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multisystem disorder. Treatment is complex and evidence for treatment decisions may be absent. Characterising gaps in the research evidence will highlight treatment uncertainties and help prioritise research questions. We systematically identified the evidence gaps for treatment decisions in CF. METHODS We searched for systematic reviews and guidelines on treatment interventions in CF. Two researchers identified eligible reviews with arbitration from a third. Using a structured framework, we extracted and characterised evidence gaps. RESULTS There were 73 reviews and 21 guidelines that met our inclusion criteria. From these, we identified 148 evidence gaps across a range of treatment areas. We found 111 evidence gaps through systematic reviews and a further 37 from guidelines. The reason for an evidence gap could only be reliably characterised for systematic reviews. In most cases, there was more than one explanation-most commonly few or no trials (97/111 evidence gaps). Other important factors leading to evidence gaps were small sample size (49/111), inadequate duration of follow-up (38/111) or intervention (37/111) and factors relating to outcomes (35/111). Evidence gaps from both systematic reviews and guidelines fell into the following categories: Respiratory (91); Gastrointestinal (20); PhysiotherapyandExercise (16); Musculoskeletal (6); Endocrine (4); Basic defect of CF (8); Psychosocial (2); Ears, Nose and Throat (1). CONCLUSIONS We have compiled an up-to-date list of treatment uncertainties in CF and the reasons for these uncertainties. These can be used as a resource to aid researchers and funders when planning future trials. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER Pre-results; CRD42015030111.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Jane Rowbotham
- Evidence Based Child Health Group, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sherie Smith
- Evidence Based Child Health Group, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Andrew P Prayle
- Evidence Based Child Health Group, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Karen A Robinson
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alan Robert Smyth
- Evidence Based Child Health Group, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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12
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A Rare Case of Burkholderia cepacia Complex Septic Arthritis. Case Rep Infect Dis 2018; 2018:6232760. [PMID: 30305968 PMCID: PMC6165602 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6232760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria of the Burkholderia cepacia complex have rarely been reported to cause septic arthritis. Cases have been reported in patients who were immunocompromised, at extremes of age or who had history of steroid injection or penetrating trauma. A 67-year-old man with a history of opioid use disorder, osteoarthritis, and gout but no known immunocompromise was admitted to hospital with pain and swelling of his right knee. Cultures of synovial fluid and urine grew Burkholderia cepacia complex. Microscopy of synovial fluid also identified intracellular calcium pyrophosphate crystals. The patient's symptoms improved with joint irrigation and debridement and prolonged antimicrobial therapy. This case highlights the importance of diagnostic aspiration of an acutely inflamed joint to obtain a specific etiological diagnosis.
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13
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In Vitro Susceptibility of Burkholderia cepacia Complex Isolated from Cystic Fibrosis Patients to Ceftazidime-Avibactam and Ceftolozane-Tazobactam. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:AAC.00590-18. [PMID: 29914964 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00590-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We tested the in vitro susceptibility of ceftazidime-avibactam and ceftolozane-tazobactam and 13 other antibiotics against 91 Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) strains isolated from cystic fibrosis patients since 2012. The highest susceptibility (82%) was found for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Eighty-one and 63% of all BCC strains were susceptible to ceftazidime-avibactam and ceftolozane-tazobactam, respectively. For temocillin, ceftazidime, piperacillin-tazobactam, and meropenem, at least 50% of the strains were susceptible. B. stabilis seems to be more resistant than other BCC species.
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Vasireddy L, Bingle LEH, Davies MS. Antimicrobial activity of essential oils against multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of the Burkholderia cepacia complex. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201835. [PMID: 30071118 PMCID: PMC6072103 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) are an important cause of opportunistic or nosocomial infections that may be hard to treat due to a high incidence of multidrug resistance. We characterised a collection of 51 clinical isolates from this complex, assigning them to 18 sequence types using multi-locus sequence type analysis. Resistance to eight commonly used antibiotics was assessed using by using agar-dilution assays to calculate MICs and widespread and heterogeneous multidrug resistance was confirmed, with eight strains proving resistant to all antibiotics tested. Disc diffusion screening of antimicrobial activity of a range of plant essential oils against these Bcc isolates identified six oils with significant activity (lavender, lemongrass, marjoram, peppermint, tea tree and rosewood) and broth microdilution assays indicated that of these lemongrass and rosewood oils had the highest activity, with MIC50 values of 0.5% and MIC90 values of 1%. Comparison of MIC and MBC values showed that four of these six oils, including lemongrass and rosewood, were bacteriocidal rather than bacteriostatic in their effects. Qualitative analysis of the four bacteriocidal essential oils via GC/MS indicated the presence of 55 different component compounds, mostly monoterpenes. We assessed selected essential oil components as anti-Bcc agents and demonstrated that terpinen-4-ol and geraniol were effective with MICs of 0.125-0.5% (v/v) and 0.125-1% (v/v), respectively. Time-kill studies indicate that these two alcohols are effective against non-growing cells in an efflux-dependent manner. Analysis of bacterial leakage of potassium ions and 260 nm UV-absorbing material on treatment with terpinen-4-ol and geraniol suggested that the observed anti-Bcc activity was a consequence of membrane disruption. This finding was supported by a gas chromatography analysis of bacterial fatty acid methyl esters, which indicated changes in membrane fatty acid composition caused by terpinen-4-ol and geraniol. These essential oils or oil components may ultimately prove useful as therapeutic drugs, for example to treat Bcc infections in CF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Vasireddy
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, United Kingdom
| | - Lewis E. H. Bingle
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, United Kingdom
| | - Mark S. Davies
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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15
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Sommerstein R, Führer U, Lo Priore E, Casanova C, Meinel DM, Seth-Smith HM, Kronenberg A, On Behalf Of Anresis, Koch D, Senn L, Widmer AF, Egli A, Marschall J, On Behalf Of Swissnoso. Burkholderia stabilis outbreak associated with contaminated commercially-available washing gloves, Switzerland, May 2015 to August 2016. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 22. [PMID: 29233255 PMCID: PMC5727593 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2017.22.49.17-00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
We describe an outbreak of Burkholderia stabilis associated with contaminated washing gloves, a commercially available Class I medical device. Triggered by an increase in Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) bacteremias and the detection of BCC in unopened packages of washing gloves, an ad hoc national outbreak committee comprising representatives of a public health organisation, a regulatory agency, and an expert association convened and commissioned an outbreak investigation. The investigation included retrospective case finding across Switzerland and whole genome sequencing (WGS) of isolates from cases and gloves. The investigation revealed that BCC were detected in clinical samples of 46 cases aged 17 to 91 years (33% females) from nine institutions between May 2015 and August 2016. Twenty-two isolates from case patients and 16 from washing gloves underwent WGS. All available outbreak isolates clustered within a span of < 19 differing alleles, while 13 unrelated clinical isolates differed by > 1,500 alleles. This BCC outbreak was rapidly identified, communicated, investigated and halted by an ad hoc collaboration of multiple stakeholders. WGS served as useful tool for confirming the source of the outbreak. This outbreak also highlights current regulatory limitations regarding Class I medical devices and the usefulness of a nationally coordinated outbreak response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Sommerstein
- These authors contributed equally to the manuscript.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Urs Führer
- Infectious Diseases Department, Biel Hospital, Biel, Switzerland.,These authors contributed equally to the manuscript
| | - Elia Lo Priore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carlo Casanova
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dominik M Meinel
- Applied Microbiology Research Unit, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Division of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Helena Mb Seth-Smith
- Applied Microbiology Research Unit, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Division of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Kronenberg
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Daniel Koch
- Federal Office of Public Health, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Laurence Senn
- Service of Hospital Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andreas F Widmer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Egli
- Applied Microbiology Research Unit, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Division of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,These authors contributed equally to the manuscript
| | - Jonas Marschall
- These authors contributed equally to the manuscript.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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16
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El Chakhtoura NG, Saade E, Iovleva A, Yasmin M, Wilson B, Perez F, Bonomo RA. Therapies for multidrug resistant and extensively drug-resistant non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria causing nosocomial infections: a perilous journey toward 'molecularly targeted' therapy. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2018; 16:89-110. [PMID: 29310479 PMCID: PMC6093184 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2018.1425139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli are at the center of the antimicrobial resistance epidemic. Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are both designated with a threat level to human health of 'serious' by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Two other major non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Burkholderia cepacia complex, while not as prevalent, have devastating effects on vulnerable populations, such as those with cystic fibrosis, as well as immunosuppressed or hospitalized patients. Areas covered: In this review, we summarize the clinical impact, presentations, and mechanisms of resistance of these four major groups of non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli. We also describe available and promising novel therapeutic options and strategies, particularly combination antibiotic strategies, with a focus on multidrug resistant variants. Expert commentary: We finally advocate for a therapeutic approach that incorporates in vitro antibiotic susceptibility testing with molecular and genotypic characterization of mechanisms of resistance, as well as pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) parameters. The goal is to begin to formulate a precision medicine approach to antimicrobial therapy: a clinical-decision making model that integrates bacterial phenotype, genotype and patient's PK/PD to arrive at rationally-optimized combination antibiotic chemotherapy regimens tailored to individual clinical scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadim G. El Chakhtoura
- Medicine Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Research Services Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Geriatrics Research, Education and Clinical Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Elie Saade
- Medicine Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Research Services Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Geriatrics Research, Education and Clinical Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Alina Iovleva
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Mohamad Yasmin
- Medicine Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Research Services Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Brigid Wilson
- Medicine Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Research Services Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Geriatrics Research, Education and Clinical Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Federico Perez
- Medicine Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Research Services Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Geriatrics Research, Education and Clinical Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Robert A. Bonomo
- Medicine Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Research Services Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Geriatrics Research, Education and Clinical Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Departments of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
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17
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Timing of Spirometry May Impact Hospital Length of Stay for Cystic Fibrosis Pulmonary Exacerbation. Lung 2018; 196:207-211. [PMID: 29349537 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-018-0082-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The optimal timing of spirometry during hospitalization for acute pulmonary exacerbation (PEx) in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) is unclear. We retrospectively evaluated whether measuring spirometry earlier during hospitalization was associated with a shorter length of stay (LOS). METHODS In this retrospective study, we analyzed data from the electronic medical record of CF patients 6 years of age and older admitted to a single center for acute PEx requiring IV antibiotic therapy between 2009 and 2016. After excluding patient encounters with missing data on covariates, random-effects linear regression was used to predict LOS as a function of days to first pulmonary function testing (PFT), which was spirometry for our study. RESULTS One thousand thirty-five hospitalizations of 242 patients met inclusion criteria, with 801 including complete data on covariates. Mean LOS was 10 ± 7 days, with mean time to first PFT of 4 ± 3 days after admission. In multivariable analysis, each additional day to first PFT was associated with 0.97 days longer LOS (95% CI 0.29, 1.64; p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS As CF researchers and clinicians work to improve management of PEx, the timing of spirometry during hospitalization remains an important question. Obtaining objective lung function data earlier during the course of therapy may provide information which can lead to reduced hospital LOS for PEx.
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18
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El Chakhtoura NG, Saade E, Wilson BM, Perez F, Papp-Wallace KM, Bonomo RA. A 17-Year Nationwide Study of Burkholderia cepacia Complex Bloodstream Infections Among Patients in the United States Veterans Health Administration. Clin Infect Dis 2017; 65:1253-1259. [PMID: 29017247 PMCID: PMC5848224 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cix559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) are a group of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria rarely reported in patients without cystic fibrosis (CF) or immunocompromising conditions. We investigated Bcc bloodstream infections (BSIs) in a cohort of non-CF patients from the US Veterans Health Administration (VHA). Methods Using VHA databases, we identified patients with Bcc BSI at facilities nationwide from 1999 through 2015. We ascertained clinical characteristics, treatments, and outcomes and identified factors associated with 30-day mortality in logistic regression analysis. Results We identified 248 patients with Bcc BSI, who were of advanced age (mean, 68 years), chronically ill, and had severe disease. The most common sources were central venous catheters (41%) and pneumonia (20%). Most cases were hospital-acquired (155 [62%]) or healthcare-associated (70 [28%]). Mortality at 14, 30, and 90 days was 16%, 25%, and 36%, respectively. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) and fluoroquinolones were active against 94% and 88% of isolates, respectively. Susceptibility to ceftazidime and meropenem occurred in approximately 70% of the isolates. The most prescribed antibiotics were fluoroquinolones (35%), followed by carbapenems (20%), TMP-SMX (18.5%), and ceftazidime (11%). In regression analysis, age (OR, 1.06 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.02-1.10], per added year) and the Pitt bacteremia score (OR, 1.65 [95% CI, 1.44-1.94], per unit increase) were associated with higher 30-day mortality. Conclusions In this large cohort of BSIs caused by Bcc, cases were mostly hospital-acquired and we observed high mortality, significant resistance to ceftazidime, and limited use of TMP-SMX. These observations add to our understanding of Bcc infection in non-CF patients and highlight the need for interventions to improve their outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadim G El Chakhtoura
- Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center
- Medicine and
- Research Services and
- Geriatrics Research, Education and Clinical Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and
| | - Elie Saade
- Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center
- Medicine and
- Research Services and
| | | | - Federico Perez
- Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center
- Medicine and
- Research Services and
| | - Krisztina M Papp-Wallace
- Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center
- Research Services and
- Departments of Pharmacology and
| | - Robert A Bonomo
- Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center
- Medicine and
- Research Services and
- Geriatrics Research, Education and Clinical Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and
- Departments of Pharmacology and
- Biochemistry and
- Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
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19
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Papp-Wallace KM, Becka SA, Zeiser ET, Ohuchi N, Mojica MF, Gatta JA, Falleni M, Tosi D, Borghi E, Winkler ML, Wilson BM, LiPuma JJ, Nukaga M, Bonomo RA. Overcoming an Extremely Drug Resistant (XDR) Pathogen: Avibactam Restores Susceptibility to Ceftazidime for Burkholderia cepacia Complex Isolates from Cystic Fibrosis Patients. ACS Infect Dis 2017; 3:502-511. [PMID: 28264560 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.7b00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Burkholderia multivorans is a significant health threat to persons with cystic fibrosis (CF). Infections are difficult to treat as this pathogen is inherently resistant to multiple antibiotics. Susceptibility testing of isolates obtained from CF respiratory cultures revealed that single agents selected from different antibiotic classes were unable to inhibit growth. However, all isolates were found to be susceptible to ceftazidime when combined with the novel non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor, avibactam (all minimum inhibitor concentrations (MICs) were ≤8 mg/L of ceftazidime and 4 mg/L of avibactam). Furthermore, a major β-lactam resistance determinant expressed in B. multivorans, the class A carbapenemase, PenA was readily inhibited by avibactam with a high k2/K of (2 ± 1) × 106 μM-1 s-1 and a slow koff of (2 ± 1) × 10-3 s-1. Mass spectrometry revealed that avibactam formed a stable complex with PenA for up to 24 h and that avibactam recyclized off of PenA, re-forming the active compound. Crystallographic analysis of PenA-avibactam revealed several interactions that stabilized the acyl-enzyme complex. The deacylation water molecule possessed decreased nucleophilicity, preventing decarbamylation. In addition, the hydrogen-bonding interactions with Lys-73 were suggestive of a protonated state. Thus, Lys-73 was unlikely to abstract a proton from Ser-130 to initiate recyclization. Using Galleria mellonella larvae as a model for infection, ceftazidime-avibactam was shown to significantly (p < 0.001) improve survival of larvae infected with B. multivorans. To further support the translational impact, the ceftazidime-avibactam combination was evaluated using susceptibility testing against other strains of Burkholderia spp. that commonly infect individuals with CF, and 90% of the isolates were susceptible to the combination. In summary, ceftazidime-avibactam may serve as a preferred therapy for people that have CF and develop Burkholderia spp. infections and should be considered for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina M. Papp-Wallace
- Research
Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs, 10701 East Boulevard, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
- Department
of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Scott A. Becka
- Research
Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs, 10701 East Boulevard, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Elise T. Zeiser
- Research
Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs, 10701 East Boulevard, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Nozomi Ohuchi
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai International University, 1 Gumyo, Togane City, Chiba, 283-8555 Japan
| | - Maria F. Mojica
- Research
Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs, 10701 East Boulevard, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Julian A. Gatta
- Research
Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs, 10701 East Boulevard, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Monica Falleni
- Department
of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Delfina Tosi
- Department
of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Borghi
- Department
of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Marisa L. Winkler
- Research
Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs, 10701 East Boulevard, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
- Department
of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Brigid M. Wilson
- Research
Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs, 10701 East Boulevard, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - John J. LiPuma
- Department
of Pediatrics and Communicable Disease, University of Michigan Medical School, 4810 Jackson Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48103, United States
| | - Michiyoshi Nukaga
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai International University, 1 Gumyo, Togane City, Chiba, 283-8555 Japan
| | - Robert A. Bonomo
- Research
Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs, 10701 East Boulevard, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
- Department
of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
- Department
of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
- Department
of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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