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Yang R, Wu X, Gounni AS, Xie J. Mucus hypersecretion in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: From molecular mechanisms to treatment. J Transl Int Med 2023; 11:312-315. [PMID: 38130649 PMCID: PMC10732574 DOI: 10.2478/jtim-2023-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiaojie Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan NO. 1 Hospital, Wuhan Hospital of traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Abdelilah Soussi Gounni
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, ManitobaR3E 0W3, Canada
| | - Jungang Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430030, Hubei Province, China
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Żak M, Gauchez H, Boberski M, Stangret A, Kempinska-Podhorodecka A. Effectiveness of Autogenic Drainage in Improving Pulmonary Function in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3822. [PMID: 36900829 PMCID: PMC10001450 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20053822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The use of autogenic drainage (AD) in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) has been officially approved; therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the efficiency of the leading therapeutic techniques based on AD in patients with CF; Among patients with CF assessments were made of spirometric parameters, percent blood oxygen saturation, and the general feeling of the patients (Borg, VAS, and mMRC dyspnea scale) before and after therapy using AD, using AD in connection with a belt or a Simeox device and AD in combination with both a belt and Simeox device simultaneously. The best therapeutic effects were generated by the combination of AD with the belt and with the Simeox device. The greatest improvements were observed for FEV1, FVC, PEF, FET, saturation, and patient comfort. In patients <10.5 years of age, the increase in the level of FEV3 and FEV6 was significant in comparison to older patients. Due to their efficacy, therapies connected with AD should be applied not only in hospital departments but also during daily patient care. Given the particular benefits observed in patients <10.5 years of age, it is important to guarantee real accessibility to this form of physiotherapy, especially in this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Żak
- Physiotherapist’s Office Children’s Therapy in Szczecin, 71-502 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Hugues Gauchez
- Centre de Kinésithérapie Respiratoire et Fonctionnelle du Nord in Marcq en Baroeul, 59700 Marcq-en-Barœul, France
| | - Marek Boberski
- Institute of Respiratory and Neurodevelopmental Support for Children in Szczecin, 71-502 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Stangret
- Department of Medical Biology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
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Bokov P, Gerardin M, Brialix G, Da Costa Noble E, Juif R, Foucher AV, Le Clainche L, Houdouin V, Mauroy B, Delclaux C. Beneficial short-term effect of autogenic drainage on peripheral resistance in childhood cystic fibrosis disease. BMC Pulm Med 2022; 22:241. [PMID: 35729620 PMCID: PMC9210656 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-022-02039-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Airway clearance techniques are supposed to be a necessary adjunct for the enhancement of impaired peripheral clearance in cystic fibrosis (CF). The objective was to assess the effect of one physiotherapy session (autogenic drainage: AD) on mucus clearance (sputum wet weight) and impulse oscillometry system (IOS) indices, including those obtained from extended Resistance-Inertance-Compliance (eRIC) modelling, considering the degree of bronchial congestion. Methods Thirty children with CF (median age: 12.7 years) in a stable condition prospectively underwent IOS measurements at baseline and after AD. They were divided in two groups: with (visual analog scale of bronchial congestion by the physiotherapist ≥ 5/10) and without (scale < 5/10) bronchial congestion. Paired-comparison of the effects of AD on airway resistance measurements was done with Wilcoxon test. Results The congestion scale correlated with the wet weight of sputum production during the session (Pearson test: p < 0.0001, R = 0.66). Ten children had bronchial congestion and 20 were without congestion. In the whole group, R5–20 Hz significantly decreased after AD (P = 0.049), which was related to a decrease in the children with congestion (P = 0.025), whereas it was not significantly modified in the children without congestion (P = 0.327). The eRIC model allowed the calculation of the peripheral resistance of the respiratory system, which also decreased in the children with congestion (P = 0.037), however, not modified in the children without congestion (P = 0.390). Conclusion One session of autogenic drainage has the ability to decrease peripheral resistance obtained from IOS measurements, more specifically in children with CF with moderate to severe bronchial congestion. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04094441.
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Affiliation(s)
- Plamen Bokov
- Service de Physiologie Pédiatrique-Centre du Sommeil, INSERM NeuroDiderot, Université de Paris, Hôpital Robert Debré, AP-HP, 48, boulevard Sérurier, 75019, Paris, France
| | - Michèle Gerardin
- Service de Pneumopédiatrie, Centre de Ressources et de Compétences de la Mucoviscidose, Hôpital Robert Debré, AP-HP, 75019, Paris, France
| | - Géraldine Brialix
- Service de Pneumopédiatrie, Centre de Ressources et de Compétences de la Mucoviscidose, Hôpital Robert Debré, AP-HP, 75019, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Da Costa Noble
- Service de Pneumopédiatrie, Centre de Ressources et de Compétences de la Mucoviscidose, Hôpital Robert Debré, AP-HP, 75019, Paris, France
| | - Romain Juif
- Service de Pneumopédiatrie, Centre de Ressources et de Compétences de la Mucoviscidose, Hôpital Robert Debré, AP-HP, 75019, Paris, France
| | - Antonia Vital Foucher
- Service de Pneumopédiatrie, Centre de Ressources et de Compétences de la Mucoviscidose, Hôpital Robert Debré, AP-HP, 75019, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Le Clainche
- Service de Pneumopédiatrie, Centre de Ressources et de Compétences de la Mucoviscidose, Hôpital Robert Debré, AP-HP, 75019, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Houdouin
- Service de Pneumopédiatrie, Centre de Ressources et de Compétences de la Mucoviscidose, Hôpital Robert Debré, AP-HP, 75019, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Mauroy
- Laboratoire JA Dieudonné, CNRS, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, 06108, Nice, France
| | - Christophe Delclaux
- Service de Physiologie Pédiatrique-Centre du Sommeil, INSERM NeuroDiderot, Université de Paris, Hôpital Robert Debré, AP-HP, 48, boulevard Sérurier, 75019, Paris, France.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Autogenic drainage is an airway clearance technique that was developed by Jean Chevaillier in 1967. The technique is characterised by breathing control using expiratory airflow to mobilise secretions from smaller to larger airways. Secretions are cleared independently by adjusting the depth and speed of respiration in a sequence of controlled breathing techniques during exhalation. The technique requires training, concentration and effort from the individual but it has previously been shown to be an effective treatment option for those who are seeking techniques to support and promote independence. However, at a time where the trajectory and demographics of the disease are changing, it is important to systematically review the evidence demonstrating that autogenic drainage is an effective intervention for people with cystic fibrosis. OBJECTIVES To compare the clinical effectiveness of autogenic drainage in people with cystic fibrosis with other physiotherapy airway clearance techniques. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Cystic Fibrosis Trials Register, compiled from electronic database searches and handsearching of journals and conference abstract books. We also searched the reference lists of relevant articles and reviews, as well as two ongoing trials registers (02 February 2021). Date of most recent search of the Cochrane Cystic Fibrosis Trials Register: 06 July 2021. SELECTION CRITERIA We identified randomised and quasi-randomised controlled studies comparing autogenic drainage to another airway clearance technique or no therapy in people with cystic fibrosis for at least two treatment sessions. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Data extraction and assessments of risk of bias were independently performed by three authors. The authors assessed the quality of the evidence using the GRADE system. The authors contacted seven teams of investigators for further information pertinent to their published studies. MAIN RESULTS Searches retrieved 64 references to 37 individual studies, of which eight (n = 212) were eligible for inclusion. One study was of parallel design with the remaining seven being cross-over in design; participant numbers ranged from 4 to 75. The total study duration varied between four days and two years. The age of participants ranged between seven and 63 years with a wide range of disease severity reported. Six studies enrolled participants who were clinically stable, whilst participants in two studies received treatment whilst hospitalised with an infective exacerbation. All studies compared autogenic drainage to one (or more) other recognised airway clearance technique. Exercise is commonly used as an alternative therapy by people with cystic fibrosis; however, there were no studies identified comparing exercise with autogenic drainage. The certainty of the evidence was generally low or very low. The main reasons for downgrading the level of evidence were the frequent use of a cross-over design, outcome reporting bias and the inability to blind participants. The review's primary outcome, forced expiratory volume in one second, was the most common outcome measured and was reported by all eight studies; only three studies reported on quality of life (also a primary outcome of the review). One study reported on adverse events and described a decrease in oxygen saturation levels whilst performing active cycle of breathing techniques, but not with autogenic drainage. Seven of the eight included studies measured forced vital capacity and three of the studies used mid peak expiratory flow (per cent predicted) as an outcome. Six studies reported sputum weight. Less commonly used outcomes included oxygen saturation levels, personal preference, hospital admissions, intravenous antibiotics and pseudomonas gene expression. There were no statistically significant differences found between any of the techniques used with respect to the outcomes measured except when autogenic drainage was described as being the preferred technique of the participants in one study over postural drainage and percussion. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Autogenic drainage is a challenging technique that requires commitment from the individual. As such, this intervention merits systematic review to ensure its effectiveness for people with cystic fibrosis, particularly in an era where treatment options are changing rapidly. From the studies assessed, autogenic drainage was not found to be superior to any other form of airway clearance technique. Larger studies are required to better evaluate autogenic drainage in comparison to other airway clearance techniques in view of the relatively small number of participants in this review and the complex study designs. The studies recruited a range of participants and were not powered to assess non-inferiority. The varied length and design of the studies made the analysis of pooled data challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Burnham
- Servicio de Medicina Fisica y Rehabilitacion, Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Stanford
- Department of Cystic Fibrosis, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- National Heart and Lung Insititute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ruth Stewart
- Royal Hospital for Children and Young People, Edinburgh, UK
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CIUBEAN AD, CIORTEA VM, UNGUR RA, BORDA IM, DOGARU BG, POPA T, IRSAY Laszlo. Occupational therapy interventions in pulmonary rehabilitation – an update in the COVID-19 ERA. BALNEO AND PRM RESEARCH JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.12680/balneo.2021.476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. As symptoms of COVID-19 infection are varying in severity and type, the long-term disability is yet to be established due to a short time-window since the pandemic started. Most survivors will have persistent pulmonary symptoms even after the infection, which raises the awareness of the importance of pulmonary rehabilitation in these patients, as they are mostly young, with severely diminished quality of life as they are unable to perform their basic activities of daily living as before. Occupational therapy is a form of rehabilitation treatment aimed at maximizing functionality and independence in performing activities of daily living, improvement of the patient’s autonomy and prevention of further functional decline.
Objective. The purpose of the current work is to review the most important occupational therapy interventions applicable during a pulmonary rehabilitation program for chronic pulmonary pathologies, that can also be applied in COVID-19 survivors with persistent respiratory symptoms.
Discussion. The main objectives of occupational therapy in pulmonary rehabilitation are training using breathing techniques at rest and during task performance, upper limbs training to increase exercise tolerance, programming and simplifying daily activities, informing patients of the importance of asking for help, planning the day/week, organizing the environment, educating the patient. All these objectives can be achieved in a simple way and at low-cost.
Conclusions. Occupational therapy intervention during comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation must be promoted to specifically evaluate and solve problems related to respiratory disability. Occupational tasks should be related to symptoms occurring during specific activities. Standardized protocols and definition of outcomes during occupational therapy intervention are lacking.
Keywords: occupational therapy, pulmonary rehabilitation, COVID-19, activities of daily living, quality of life,
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Viorela Mihaela CIORTEA
- 1. University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hațieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania 2. Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Rodica Ana UNGUR
- 1. University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hațieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania 2. Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ileana Monica BORDA
- 1. University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hațieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania 2. Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Bombonica Gabriela DOGARU
- 1. University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hațieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania 2. Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Theodor POPA
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - IRSAY Laszlo
- 1. University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hațieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania 2. Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Methods Used to Evaluate the Immediate Effects of Airway Clearance Techniques in Adults with Cystic Fibrosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10225280. [PMID: 34830562 PMCID: PMC8625729 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10225280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review reports on methods used to evaluate airway clearance techniques (ACT) in adults with CF and examined data for evidence of any effect. Sixty-eight studies described ACT in adequate detail and were included in this review. Frequently reported outcomes were sputum expectoration (72%) and spirometric lung function (60%). Compared with cough alone, following any ACT, there was a trend for greater sputum wet weight, however FEV1 was not different. The mean (95% CI) within-group effect for sputum wet weight following any ACT was 12.43 g (9.28 to 15.58) (n = 30 studies) and for FEV1 was 0.03 L (−0.17 to 0.24) (n = 14 studies). Meta-regression demonstrated that, when compared with cough alone, greater sputum wet weight was reported in groups that received additional ACT by between 2.45 and 3.94 g (F3,66 = 2.97, p = 0.04). These data suggest the addition of ACT to cough alone may optimise sputum clearance; however, FEV1 lacked sensitivity to detect this change. Importantly, this review highlights the lack of appropriate measures to assess ACT efficacy.
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Stanford G, Davies JC, Usmani O, Banya W, Charman S, Jones M, Simmonds NJ, Bilton D. Investigating outcome measures for assessing airway clearance techniques in adults with cystic fibrosis: protocol of a single-centre randomised controlled crossover trial. BMJ Open Respir Res 2020; 7:7/1/e000694. [PMID: 33020113 PMCID: PMC7537140 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2020-000694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Airway clearance techniques (ACTs) are a gold standard of cystic fibrosis management; however, the majority of research evidence for their efficacy is of low standard; often attributed to the lack of sensitivity from outcome measures (OMs) used historically. This randomised controlled trial (RCT) investigates these standard OMs (sputum weight, forced expiratory volume in 1 s) and new OMs (electrical impedance tomography (EIT), multiple breath washout (MBW) and impulse oscillometry (IOS)) to determine the most useful measures of ACT. Methods and analysis This is a single-centre RCT with crossover design. Participants perform MBW, IOS and spirometry, and then are randomised to either rest or supervised ACT lasting 30–60 min. MBW, IOS and spirometry are repeated immediately afterwards. EIT and sputum are collected during rest/ACT. On a separate day, the OMs are performed with the other intervention. Primary endpoint is difference in change in OMs before and after ACT/rest. Sample size was calculated with 80% power and significance of 5% for each OM (target n=64). Ethics and dissemination Ethics approval was gained from the London–Chelsea Research Ethics Committee (reference 16/LO/0995, project ID 154635). Dissemination will involve scientific conference presentation and publication in a peer-reviewed journal. Trial registration numbers ISRCTN11220163 and NCT02721498.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Stanford
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK.,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jane C Davies
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Omar Usmani
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Research and Development, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Winston Banya
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Research and Development, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Mandy Jones
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Scientists, Brunel University London, London, UK
| | - Nicholas J Simmonds
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK .,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Diana Bilton
- Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
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8
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Chest physiotherapy is widely prescribed to assist the clearance of airway secretions in people with cystic fibrosis. Oscillating devices generate intra- or extra-thoracic oscillations orally or external to the chest wall. Internally they create variable resistances within the airways, generating controlled oscillating positive pressure which mobilises mucus. Extra-thoracic oscillations are generated by forces outside the respiratory system, e.g. high frequency chest wall oscillation. This is an update of a previously published review. OBJECTIVES To identify whether oscillatory devices, oral or chest wall, are effective for mucociliary clearance and whether they are equivalent or superior to other forms of airway clearance in the successful management of secretions in people with cystic fibrosis. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders Group Trials Register comprising references identified from comprehensive electronic database searches and hand searches of relevant journals and abstract books of conference proceedings. Latest search of the Cystic Fibrosis Trials Register: 29 July 2019. In addition we searched the trials databases ClinicalTrials.gov and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. Latest search of trials databases: 15 August 2019. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled studies and controlled clinical studies of oscillating devices compared with any other form of physiotherapy in people with cystic fibrosis. Single-treatment interventions (therapy technique used only once in the comparison) were excluded. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently applied the inclusion criteria to publications, assessed the quality of the included studies and assessed the evidence using GRADE. MAIN RESULTS The searches identified 82 studies (330 references); 39 studies (total of 1114 participants) met the inclusion criteria. Studies varied in duration from up to one week to one year; 20 of the studies were cross-over in design. The studies also varied in type of intervention and the outcomes measured, data were not published in sufficient detail in most of these studies, so meta-analysis was limited. Few studies were considered to have a low risk of bias in any domain. It is not possible to blind participants and clinicians to physiotherapy interventions, but 13 studies did blind the outcome assessors. The quality of the evidence across all comparisons ranged from low to very low. Forced expiratory volume in one second was the most frequently measured outcome and while many of the studies reported an improvement in those people using a vibrating device compared to before the study, there were few differences when comparing the different devices to each other or to other airway clearance techniques. One study identified an increase in frequency of exacerbations requiring antibiotics whilst using high frequency chest wall oscillation when compared to positive expiratory pressure (low-quality evidence). There were some small but significant changes in secondary outcome variables such as sputum volume or weight, but not wholly in favour of oscillating devices and due to the low- or very low-quality evidence, it is not clear whether these were due to the particular intervention. Participant satisfaction was reported in 13 studies but again with low- or very low-quality evidence and not consistently in favour of an oscillating device, as some participants preferred breathing techniques or techniques used prior to the study interventions. The results for the remaining outcome measures were not examined or reported in sufficient detail to provide any high-level evidence. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There was no clear evidence that oscillation was a more or less effective intervention overall than other forms of physiotherapy; furthermore there was no evidence that one device is superior to another. The findings from one study showing an increase in frequency of exacerbations requiring antibiotics whilst using an oscillating device compared to positive expiratory pressure may have significant resource implications. More adequately-powered long-term randomised controlled trials are necessary and outcomes measured should include frequency of exacerbations, individual preference, adherence to therapy and general satisfaction with treatment. Increased adherence to therapy may then lead to improvements in other parameters, such as exercise tolerance and respiratory function. Additional evidence is needed to evaluate whether oscillating devices combined with other forms of airway clearance is efficacious in people with cystic fibrosis.There may also be a requirement to consider the cost implication of devices over other forms of equally advantageous airway clearance techniques. Using the GRADE method to assess the quality of the evidence, we judged this to be low or very low quality, which suggests that further research is very likely to have an impact on confidence in any estimate of effect generated by future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Morrison
- West of Scotland Adult CF Unit, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital (The Southern General Hospital), Glasgow, UK
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Patterson KD, Walsh A, McCormack P, Southern KW. Exercise versus airway clearance techniques for people with cystic fibrosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katie D Patterson
- Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust; Department of Respiratory Paediatrics; Royal Liverpool University Hospital Prescot Street Liverpool UK L7 8XP
| | - Adam Walsh
- Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust; Physiotherapy Department; Eaton Road Liverpool UK L12 2AP
| | - Pamela McCormack
- Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust; Department of Respiratory Physiotherapy; Eaton Road Liverpool UK L12 2AP
| | - Kevin W Southern
- University of Liverpool; Department of Women's and Children's Health; Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust Eaton Road Liverpool Merseyside UK L12 2AP
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Wilson LM, Morrison L, Robinson KA. Airway clearance techniques for cystic fibrosis: an overview of Cochrane systematic reviews. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019; 1:CD011231. [PMID: 30676656 PMCID: PMC6353051 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd011231.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic fibrosis is a life-limiting genetic condition in which thick mucus builds up in the lungs, leading to infections, inflammation, and eventually, deterioration in lung function. To clear their lungs of mucus, people with cystic fibrosis perform airway clearance techniques daily. There are various airway clearance techniques, which differ in terms of the need for assistance or equipment, and cost. OBJECTIVES To summarise the evidence from Cochrane Reviews on the effectiveness and safety of various airway clearance techniques in people with cystic fibrosis. METHODS For this overview, we included Cochrane Reviews of randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials (including cross-over trials) that evaluated an airway clearance technique (conventional chest physiotherapy, positive expiratory pressure (PEP) therapy, high-pressure PEP therapy, active cycle of breathing techniques, autogenic drainage, airway oscillating devices, external high frequency chest compression devices and exercise) in people with cystic fibrosis.We searched the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews on 29 November 2018.Two review authors independently evaluated reviews for eligibility. One review author extracted data from included reviews and a second author checked the data for accuracy. Two review authors independently graded the quality of reviews using the ROBIS tool. We used the GRADE approach for assessing the overall strength of the evidence for each primary outcome (forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), individual preference and quality of life). MAIN RESULTS We included six Cochrane Reviews, one of which compared any type of chest physiotherapy with no chest physiotherapy or coughing alone and the remaining five reviews included head-to-head comparisons of different airway clearance techniques. All the reviews were considered to have a low risk of bias. However, the individual trials included in the reviews often did not report sufficient information to adequately assess risk of bias. Many trials did not sufficiently report on outcome measures and had a high risk of reporting bias.We are unable to draw definitive conclusions for comparisons of airway clearance techniques in terms of FEV1, except for reporting no difference between PEP therapy and oscillating devices after six months of treatment, mean difference -1.43% predicted (95% confidence interval -5.72 to 2.87); the quality of the body of evidence was graded as moderate. The quality of the body of evidence comparing different airway clearance techniques for other outcomes was either low or very low. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is little evidence to support the use of one airway clearance technique over another. People with cystic fibrosis should choose the airway clearance technique that best meets their needs, after considering comfort, convenience, flexibility, practicality, cost, or some other factor. More long-term, high-quality randomised controlled trials comparing airway clearance techniques among people with cystic fibrosis are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Wilson
- Johns Hopkins UniversityEvidence‐based Practice CenterHampton House, 6th Floor624 North BroadwayBaltimoreMDUSA21205‐1901
| | - Lisa Morrison
- Queen Elizabeth University Hospital (The Southern General Hospital)West of Scotland Adult CF Unit1345 Govan RoadGlasgowUKG51 4TF
| | - Karen A Robinson
- Johns Hopkins UniversityDepartment of Medicine1830 E. Monument St., Suite 8068BaltimoreMDUSA21287
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Wallaert E, Perez T, Prevotat A, Reychler G, Wallaert B, Le Rouzic O. The immediate effects of a single autogenic drainage session on ventilatory mechanics in adult subjects with cystic fibrosis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195154. [PMID: 29596479 PMCID: PMC5875810 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to gain insight into the physiological changes occurring in subjects with cystic fibrosis (CF) after autogenic drainage (AD). Changes in respiratory system resistance (Rrs), reactance (Xrs), and spirometry were analyzed in adult CF subjects after a single AD physiotherapy session. METHODS This prospective observational study was conducted during the annual check-up of adult CF subjects in stable condition. Spirometry and Rrs and Xrs measurements using the forced oscillations technique at 5, 11, and 19 hertz (Hz) were performed before and 30 min after a 20-min AD session. Control CF subjects were tested at baseline and 50 min without AD. Results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation or median [interquartile range]. RESULTS Thirty subjects were included in the physiotherapy group (age 29 [25-34] years, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) 40.3 [30.1-57.9]% predicted) and 11 in the control group (age 31 [28.5-36.5] years, FEV1 43.6 [31.1-51.9] % predicted). No significant changes in any parameter were observed in the control group. AD modestly but significantly increased the forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1 (p<0.001). Inspiratory resistance was also significantly improved by AD: Rrs5 from 5.74±2.39 to 5.24±2.17 cmH2O/L/s, p<0.05; Rrs11 from 4.83±1.98 to 4.32±1.7 cmH2O/L/s, p = 0.003; and Rrs19 from 4.18 [3.46-5.07] to 3.86 [2.76-4.98] cmH2O/L/s, p<0.001. In contrast, AD had no significant effects on frequency dependence of resistance (Rrs5-Rrs19) or expiratory resistance. Inspiratory Xrs5, but not ΔXrs5 (expiratory-inspiratory Xrs), was improved by AD (p<0.05). Moderate correlations were detected between the improvement in FEV1 and FVC and inspiratory resistance (r = 0.53, p = 0.005 and r = 0.44, p = 0.02, respectively). CONCLUSION A single session of AD improved inspiratory airway resistance, except in the distal airways. The forced oscillations technique provides a new tool for understanding the pathophysiological effects of airway clearance physiotherapy in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot Wallaert
- Faculté des Sciences de la Motricité, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Thierry Perez
- CHU-Lille, Centre de Ressource et de Compétence pour la Mucoviscidose, Service de Pneumologie et Immuno-allergologie, Hôpital Calmette and Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Anne Prevotat
- CHU-Lille, Centre de Ressource et de Compétence pour la Mucoviscidose, Service de Pneumologie et Immuno-allergologie, Hôpital Calmette and Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Gregory Reychler
- Service de Médecine Physique et Réadaptation, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc and Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pôle de Pneumologie, ORL et Dermatologie, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benoit Wallaert
- CHU-Lille, Centre de Ressource et de Compétence pour la Mucoviscidose, Service de Pneumologie et Immuno-allergologie, Hôpital Calmette and Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Olivier Le Rouzic
- CHU-Lille, Centre de Ressource et de Compétence pour la Mucoviscidose, Service de Pneumologie et Immuno-allergologie, Hôpital Calmette and Univ. Lille, Lille, France
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