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Cui L, Chen H, Yuan Y, Zhu F, Nie J, Han S, Fu Y, Hou H, Hu Q, Chen Z. Tracing the geographical origin of tobacco at two spatial scales by stable isotope and element analyses with chemometrics. Food Chem X 2023; 18:100716. [PMID: 37397212 PMCID: PMC10314160 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tobacco is a widely cultivated cash crop, but it is often smuggled and sold illegally. Unfortunately, there is currently no way to verify the origin of tobacco in China. In an effort to address this issue, we conducted a study using stable isotopes and elements from 176 tobacco samples at both provincial and municipal scales. Our findings revealed significant differences in δ13C, K, Cs, and 208/206Pb at the provincial-level, and Sr, Se, and Pb at the municipal level. We created a heat map at the municipal level, which showed a similar cluster classification to geographic grouping and provided an initial assessment of tobacco origins. Using OPLS-DA modeling, we achieved a 98.3% accuracy rate for the provincial scale and 97.6% for the municipal scale. It is worth noting that the importance of rankings of variables varied depending on the spatial scale of the evaluation. This study offers the first traceability fingerprint dataset of tobacco and has the potential to combat mislabeling and fraudulent conduct by identifying the geographical origin of tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Cui
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects and Biosynthesis, Beijing 100101, China
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Huan Chen
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects and Biosynthesis, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yuwei Yuan
- Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
- Key Laboratory of Information Traceability for Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Fengpeng Zhu
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jing Nie
- Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
- Key Laboratory of Information Traceability for Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Shulei Han
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects and Biosynthesis, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ya'ning Fu
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects and Biosynthesis, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hongwei Hou
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects and Biosynthesis, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qingyuan Hu
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects and Biosynthesis, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zengping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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The nAChR Chaperone TMEM35a (NACHO) Contributes to the Development of Hyperalgesia in Mice. Neuroscience 2021; 457:74-87. [PMID: 33422618 PMCID: PMC7897319 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Pain is a major health problem, affecting over fifty million adults in the US alone, with significant economic cost in medical care and lost productivity. Despite evidence implicating nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in pathological pain, their specific contribution to pain processing in the spinal cord remains unclear given their presence in both neuronal and non-neuronal cell types. Here we investigated if loss of neuronal-specific TMEM35a (NACHO), a novel chaperone for functional expression of the homomeric α7 and assembly of the heteromeric α3, α4, and α6-containing nAChRs, modulates pain in mice. Mice with tmem35a deletion exhibited thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia. Intrathecal administration of nicotine and the α7-specific agonist, PHA543613, produced analgesic responses to noxious heat and mechanical stimuli in tmem35a KO mice, respectively, suggesting residual expression of these receptors or off-target effects. Since NACHO is expressed only in neurons, these findings indicate that neuronal α7 nAChR in the spinal cord contributes to heat nociception. To further determine the molecular basis underlying the pain phenotype, we analyzed the spinal cord transcriptome. Compared to WT control, the spinal cord of tmem35a KO mice exhibited 72 differentially-expressed genes (DEGs). These DEGs were mapped onto functional gene networks using the knowledge-based database, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, and suggests increased neuroinflammation as a potential contributing factor for the hyperalgesia in tmem35a KO mice. Collectively, these findings implicate a heightened inflammatory response in the absence of neuronal NACHO activity. Additional studies are needed to determine the precise mechanism by which NACHO in the spinal cord modulates pain.
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Newhouse PA. Therapeutic Applications of Nicotinic Stimulation: Successes, Failures, and Future Prospects. Nicotine Tob Res 2019; 21:345-348. [PMID: 30203054 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/nty189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Newhouse
- Center for Cognitive Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.,US Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Systems, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Nashville, TN
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Decreased pain tolerance before surgery and increased postoperative narcotic requirements in abstinent tobacco smokers. Addict Behav 2018; 78:9-14. [PMID: 29121531 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The clinical influence of smoking cessation on pain tolerance before surgery and postoperative pain perception is not fully understood. This clinical study investigated the effect of smoking cessation on pain threshold during the perioperative period in patients undergoing hepatic resection. METHODS We enrolled 148 male patients (68 non-smokers and 80 abstinent smokers) who underwent hepatic resection and received postoperative patient-controlled intravenous analgesia. Patients were tested for preoperative pain thresholds in response to electrical stimuli. We recorded the cumulative amount of extra morphine equivalent required during the first 48h after surgery. Pain intensity was evaluated at 1h, 6h, 24h and 48h after surgery using the visual analogue scale (VAS). Additionally, button-pressing consumption was recorded by a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump. RESULTS The groups did not differ with respect to baseline clinical characteristics. Compared with non-smokers, abstinent smokers exhibited lower pain thresholds before surgery and demanded a larger quantity of extra morphine equivalent during the first 48h after surgery. Abstinent smokers also exhibited more severe postoperative pain than non-smokers. Postoperative complications, such as nausea, vomiting, dizziness, sedation, and respiratory depression, did not significantly differ between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS In this study, smokers deprived of cigarettes exhibited decreased pain tolerance before surgery and required a larger quantity of postoperative extra morphine equivalent than non-smokers. Health care providers must be aware of the potential for increased narcotic requirements in smokers.
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Chau DF, Reddy A, Breheny P, Young AR, Ashford E, Song M, Zhang C, Taylor T, Younes A, Vazifedan T. Revisiting the applicability of adult early post-operative nausea and vomiting risk factors for the paediatric patient: A prospective study using cotinine levels in children undergoing adenotonsillectomies. Indian J Anaesth 2017; 61:964-971. [PMID: 29307901 PMCID: PMC5752782 DOI: 10.4103/ija.ija_303_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Post-operative vomiting (POV) in children remains a significant clinical problem. This prospective study aims to investigate the applicability of well-established adult early post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) risk factors on paediatric POV after adenotonsillectomies under regulated anaesthetic conditions. Methods: After Institutional Review Board approval, 213 children aged 3–10-year-old were enrolled. The participants had pre-operative questionnaires completed, followed protocolised anaesthetic plans and had saliva analysed for cotinine. The primary outcomes were POV as correlated with age, gender, family or personal history of PONV, motion sickness history, opioid use, surgical time, anaesthetic time and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure, as assessed by cotinine levels and questionnaire reports. Data on analgesics, antiemetics and POV incidence before post-anaesthesia care unit discharge were collected. Statistical analysis was done through multiple logistic regression. Results: A total of 200 patients finalised the study. Early POV occurred in 32%. Family history of PONV (odds ratio [OR] = 5.3, P < 0.01) and motion sickness history (OR = 4.4, P = 0.02) were highly significant risk factors. Age reached borderline statistical significance (OR = 1.4, P = 0.05). None of the other factors reached statistical significance. Conclusion: Early POV occurs frequently in paediatric patients undergoing adenotonsillectomies. In this paediatric-aged group, the incidence of POV was affected by the family history of PONV, and history of motion sickness. Age, female gender, opioid use, surgical and anaesthetic times did not affect the incidence of POV. ETS exposure, as assessed by cotinine levels and questionnaire reports, had no protective effect on early paediatric POV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Destiny F Chau
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Arundathi Reddy
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Patrick Breheny
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Anna Rebecca Young
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Eric Ashford
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Megan Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Christina Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Tammy Taylor
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Abbas Younes
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Turaj Vazifedan
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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Chang EHE, Braith A, Hitsman B, Schnoll RA. Treating Nicotine Dependence and Preventing Smoking Relapse in Cancer Patients. EXPERT REVIEW OF QUALITY OF LIFE IN CANCER CARE 2016; 2:23-39. [PMID: 28808692 PMCID: PMC5553981 DOI: 10.1080/23809000.2017.1271981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the well-documented harmful effects of smoking, many cancer patients continue to smoke. Smoking cessation is critical to address in this population given the associated increase in treatment toxicity, risk of second primary tumors, decrease in treatment response and higher disease-specific and all-cause mortality with continued smoking following a cancer diagnosis. This review seeks to summarize the latest recommendations and guidelines on smoking cessation treatment for patients diagnosed with cancer, and the evidence behind those recommendations. AREAS COVERED We reviewed the latest evidence for smoking cessation treatments for cancer patients and the clinical guidelines and recommendation available for oncologists and health care providers. The unique aspects of nicotine dependence among patients diagnosed with cancer, and key challenges and barriers that cancer survivors and health care providers experience when considering smoking cessation treatments, and available clinical resources, are also discussed. Lastly, the authors summarize future directions in the field of smoking cessation treatment for cancer patients. EXPERT COMMENTARY While there are areas of improvement in research of smoking cessation treatment for cancer patients, critical under-explored areas remain. Nonetheless, providers should adhere to the NCCN guidelines and offer a brief counseling intervention to motivate patients to quit smoking when appropriate resources are not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Hae Estelle Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 981225 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-1225, Phone 402-559-8007 Fax 402-559-8490
| | - Andrew Braith
- College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 42 Street and Emile Street, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Brian Hitsman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine & Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, 680 N Lake Shore Drive, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL 60611, Phone 312-503-2074
| | - Robert A Schnoll
- Department of Psychiatry and Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, 4 Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19104, Phone 215-746-7143 Fax 215-746-7140
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