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Glenny AM, Walsh T, Iwasaki M, Kateeb E, Braga MM, Riley P, Melo P. Development of Tooth Brushing Recommendations Through Professional Consensus. Int Dent J 2024; 74:526-535. [PMID: 38052700 PMCID: PMC11123540 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2023.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite being a largely preventable disease, untreated caries of permanent teeth is estimated to affect almost 2 billion people worldwide, which is followed by severe periodontal disease. The aim of this work was to provide a professional consensus on tooth brushing methods and associated oral hygiene behaviours and develop evidence-informed recommendations. METHODS An initial scoping search was undertaken to identify systematic reviews of relevance and key questions. This was followed by comprehensive evidence mapping of the literature focussing on systematic reviews and clinical guidelines. Electronic searches of several databases including MEDLINE (via Ovid), Embase (via Ovid), Epistemonikos, and The Cochrane Library were undertaken from 2000 to May 2022, alongside a guideline repository search. Considered Judgement Forms were developed detailing the underpinning evidence, balance between benefits and harms, potential impact on the population, and feasibility of implementation. An online survey comprising 22 draft recommendations was distributed to international members of all FDI committees, including the FDI Council. Participants were asked to indicate to what level they agreed or disagreed with for each recommendation and to provide feedback. The Considered Judgement Forms were provided for reference. RESULTS Three hundred ten records were identified and mapped to different aspects of tooth brushing methods and associated behaviours. Research literature informed 7 Considered Judgement Forms comprising 12 questions with draft recommendations. Twenty-five participants from Asia, Europe, North and South America, Africa, and Australia provided feedback on the recommendations. More than 70% of respondents showed agreement with 21 of the 22 draft recommendations. Final recommendations were drafted with associated strength of recommendation. CONCLUSION Using a robust methodology and an international professional consensus, a set of evidence-informed recommendations was developed. These recommendations provide clinicians with practical guidance to facilitate communications with patients that may help to reinforce individual-level preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Glenny
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, UK.
| | - Tanya Walsh
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, UK.
| | | | - Elham Kateeb
- Oral Health Research and Promotion Unit, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, State of Palestine
| | | | - Philip Riley
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Paulo Melo
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, Portugal
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2
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Garrido L, Lyra P, Rodrigues J, Viana J, Mendes JJ, Barroso H. Revisiting Oral Antiseptics, Microorganism Targets and Effectiveness. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1332. [PMID: 37763100 PMCID: PMC10532628 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13091332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A good oral health status is mostly dependent on good oral hygiene habits, which knowingly impacts systemic health. Although controversial, chemical oral antiseptics can be useful in adjunct use to mechanical dental plaque control techniques in the prevention and management of local and overall health and well-being. This review aims to revisit, gather and update evidence-based clinical indications for the use of the most popular oral antiseptics, considering different types, microorganism targets and effectiveness in order to establish updated clinical recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Helena Barroso
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, Caparica, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal (P.L.); (J.V.); (J.J.M.)
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Sun C, Zhang T, Zhou Y, Liu ZF, Zhang Y, Bian Y, Feng XS. Triclosan and related compounds in the environment: Recent updates on sources, fates, distribution, analytical extraction, analysis, and removal techniques. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 870:161885. [PMID: 36731573 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) has been widely used in daily life because of its broad-spectrum antibacterial activities. The residue of TCS and related compounds in the environment is one of the critical environmental safety problems, and the pandemic of COVID-19 aggravates the accumulation of TCS and related compounds in the environment. Therefore, detecting TCS and related compound residues in the environment is of great significance to human health and environmental safety. The distribution of TCS and related compounds are slightly different worldwide, and the removal methods also have advantages and disadvantages. This paper summarized the research progress on the source, distribution, degradation, analytical extraction, detection, and removal techniques of TCS and related compounds in different environmental samples. The commonly used analytical extraction methods for TCS and related compounds include solid-phase extraction, liquid-liquid extraction, solid-phase microextraction, liquid-phase microextraction, and so on. The determination methods include liquid chromatography coupled with different detectors, gas chromatography and related methods, sensors, electrochemical method, capillary electrophoresis. The removal techniques in various environmental samples mainly include biodegradation, advanced oxidation, and adsorption methods. Besides, both the pros and cons of different techniques have been compared and summarized, and the development and prospect of each technique have been given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Sun
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Zhi-Fei Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Yu Bian
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Xue-Song Feng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
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Avenetti DM, Martin MA, Gansky SA, Ramos-Gomez FJ, Hyde S, Van Horn R, Jue B, Rosales GF, Cheng NF, Shiboski CH. Calibration and reliability testing of a novel asynchronous photographic plaque scoring system in young children. J Public Health Dent 2023; 83:108-115. [PMID: 36781405 PMCID: PMC10329468 DOI: 10.1111/jphd.12557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Simplified Oral Hygiene Index for Maxillary Incisors (OHI-MIS) is a novel plaque scoring system adapted for young children. This study describes calibration training and testing used to establish the inter- and intra-rater reliability for OHI-MIS measured from clinical photographs. METHODS Two raters from the Coordinated Oral Health Promotion Chicago (CO-OP) and one from the Behavioral EConomics for Oral health iNnovation (BEECON) randomized controlled trials (RCTs) underwent calibration with gold standard raters, followed by annual re-calibration. Raters from CO-OP also completed inter-rater reliability testing; all three raters completed intra-rater reliability testing rounds. Photographs were obtained from children aged 9-39 months. RESULTS All three raters achieved greater than 0.77 Lin's Concordance Correlation (LCC) versus gold standard consensus during calibration. All three raters had LCC ≥0.83 at recalibration 1 year later. CO-OP trial raters scored 604 photos (151 sets of 4 photographs); mostly both raters were somewhat/very confident in their scoring (≥89%), describing the most photos as "clear" (90% and 81%). The CO-OP inter-rater LCC for total OHI-MIS score was 0.86, changing little when low quality or confidence photos were removed. All three raters demonstrated high intra-rater reliability (≥0.83). CONCLUSIONS The OHI-MIS plaque scoring system on photos had good reliability within and between trials following protocol training and calibration. OHI-MIS provides a novel asynchronous plaque scoring system for use in young children. Non-clinicians in field or clinical settings can obtain photographs, offering new opportunities for research and clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Avenetti
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Molly A. Martin
- Department of Pediatrics, UIC College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Stuart A. Gansky
- Department Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, UCSF School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Francisco J. Ramos-Gomez
- Division of Preventative and Restorative Sciences, Section of Pediatric Dentistry, UCLA School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Susan Hyde
- Department Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, UCSF School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rebecca Van Horn
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Bonnie Jue
- Department Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, UCSF School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Genesis F. Rosales
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nancy F. Cheng
- Department Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, UCSF School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Caroline H. Shiboski
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, UCSF School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Kanouté A, Dieng SN, Diop M, Dieng A, Sene AK, Diouf M, Lo CM, Faye D, Carrouel F. Chemical vs. natural toothpaste: which formulas for which properties? A scoping review. J Public Health Afr 2022; 13:1945. [PMID: 36277937 PMCID: PMC9585602 DOI: 10.4081/jphia.2022.1945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The proliferation of the oral care industry has made it more challenging for shoppers to zero in on the best possible toothpaste for their preventative requirements. It also makes the toothpaste’s various components safer. Objective The researchers set out to evaluate the state of information about the biological properties and cytotoxicity of adult toothpaste so that they might make some informed recommendations. Methods A scoping review of research published between 2015 and 2020 according to PRISMA guidelines was performed. Results In vitro clinical trials account for 44% of the papers, in vivo clinical trials for 25%, systematic reviews for 19%, and metaanalyses for 12%. They have active chemical components that have been shown to be antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, or desensitizing. Herbal toothpaste has these characteristics and is very secure to use. Toothpaste with sodium lauryl sulfate has been found to be harmful. Conclusions Scientists have investigated the biological effects of a wide range of chemically active compounds and plant extracts. Herbal toothpaste, it has been discovered, is both efficient and secure. Companies making toothpaste should be required to clearly label the product’s qualities, active ingredients, and potentially harmful ingredients on the packaging.
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Lima DDC, Pitorro TEA, Santiago MB, Franco RR, Silva TDC, Prado DG, Cunha LCS, Espindola FS, Tavares DC, Nicolella HD, Martins CHG, Novais VR. In vitro evaluation of the antibacterial and cytotoxic activities of the Euclea natalensis crude extract and fractions against oral infection agents. Arch Oral Biol 2022; 143:105546. [PMID: 36162339 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed (i) to evaluate the antibacterial and cytotoxic activities of the crude extract and fractions obtained from Euclea natalensis A.D.C. roots against bacteria that cause periodontal disease and caries and (ii) to identify the isolated compounds. DESIGN The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the extract and fractions were determined by the microplate dilution assay. The cytotoxicity of the extract and fractions was evaluated by using the XTT colorimetric assay and normal human fibroblast cells (GM07492A, lung fibroblasts). The compounds present in the most promising fraction were determined by qualitative analysis through liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS-ESI). RESULTS The MIC results ranged from 25 to > 400 μg/mL for the extract and from 1.56 to > 400 μg/mL for the fractions. To evaluate cytotoxicity, the tested concentrations of the extract and fractions ranged from 19.5 to 2500 μg/mL; IC50 values between 625 and 1250 μg/mL were obtained. Analysis of the main bioactive fraction by HPLC-MS-ESI identified phenolic acids, coumarins, naphthoquinones, lignans, and fatty acids. CONCLUSIONS The E. natalensis root extract and fractions displayed good antibacterial activity against periodontal pathogenic and cariogenic bacteria. The antibacterial activity may be due to compounds present in the extract and fractions, which also showed low cytotoxicity to normal human cells. These data are relevant and encourage further research into this plant species, which may contribute to the discovery of new herbal medicines that will help to mitigate the problems caused by oral pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mariana Brentini Santiago
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Tiara da Costa Silva
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Diego Godina Prado
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Foued Salmen Espindola
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Effect of dental antiseptic agents on the viability of human periodontal ligament cells. Saudi Dent J 2021; 33:904-911. [PMID: 34938032 PMCID: PMC8665172 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2021.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell viability is key for tissue regeneration. Dental antiseptics were cytotoxic in periodontal ligament cells. Real-time impedimetry proved to be a non-invasive method to monitor cell viability.
Objectives We aimed to study whether or not various dental antiseptic agents affect the viability and proliferation of human periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs). Materials and methods Human PDLCs were isolated from a total of 10 surgically extracted impacted third molars and were. cultured in-vitro. The cells were exposed to commonly used dental antiseptics, including chlorhexidine, cetylpyridinium chloride, triclosan, povidone-iodine and sodium bicarbonate for ultra-short-term (10, 20, 30 sec), short-term (10, 20, 30 min) and long-term (24, 48 h) at various concentrations. Cell morphology was observed with light microscopy. Cell viability was studied with impedimetric real-time xCELLigence and resazurin-based alamarBlue® assays. We used one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s and Bonferroni test (p < 0.05) for statistical analysis. Results Both alamarBlue® and xCELLigence analysis results were in agreement that ultra-short-term contact with cetylpyridinium chloride ≥ 0.01 mg/ml, chlorhexidine ≥ 1 mg/ml, triclosan ≥ 1 mg/ml and povidone-iodine ≥ 1 mg/ml as well as long-term exposure to cetylpyridinium chloride ≥ 0.001 mg/ml, chlorhexidine ≥ 0.01 mg/ml, triclosan ≥ 1 mg/ml, povidone-iodine ≥ 1 mg/ml and sodium bicarbonate ≥ 10 mg/ml was able to reduce the viability of human PDLCs significantly. According to the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) the rank of cytotoxicity was cetylpyridinium chloride > chlorhexidine > triclosan > povidone-iodine > sodium bicarbonate. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the tested antiseptic agents were cytotoxic to human PDLCs at lower than practically applied concentrations in dental interventions.
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8
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Costa S, Coppola F, Pretti C, Intorre L, Meucci V, Soares AMVM, Solé M, Freitas R. Biochemical and physiological responses of two clam species to Triclosan combined with climate change scenario. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 724:138143. [PMID: 32408439 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification and warming are among the man-induced factors that most likely impact aquatic wildlife worldwide. Besides effects caused by temperature rise and lowered pH conditions, chemicals of current use can also adversely affect aquatic organisms. Both climate change and emerging pollutants, including toxic impacts in marine invertebrates, have been investigated in recent years. However, less information is available on the combined effects of these physical and chemical stressors that, in nature, occur simultaneously. Thus, this study contrasts the effects caused by the antimicrobial agent and plastic additive, Triclosan (TCS) in the related clams Ruditapes philippinarum (invasive) and Ruditapes decussatus (native) and evaluates if the impacts are influenced by combined temperature and pH modifications. Organisms were acclimated for 30 days at two conditions (control: 17 °C; pH 8.1 and climate change scenario: 21 °C, pH 7.7) in the absence of the drug (experimental period I) followed by a 7 days exposure under the same water physical parameters but either in absence (unexposed) or presence of TCS at 1 μg/L (experimental period II). Biochemical responses covering metabolic, oxidative defences and damage-related biomarkers were contrasted in clams at the end of experimental period II. The overall picture showed a well-marked antioxidant activation and higher TCS bioaccumulation of the drug under the forecasted climate scenario despite a reduction on respiration rate and unaltered metabolism in the exposed clams. Since clams are highly consumed shellfish, the consequences for higher tissue bioaccumulation of anthropogenic chemicals to final consumers should be alerted not only at present conditions but more significantly under predicted climatic conditions for humans but also for other components of the marine trophic chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Costa
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Francesca Coppola
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Carlo Pretti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Italy; Consorzio per il Centro Interuniversitario di Biologia Marina ed Ecologia Applicata "G. Bacci" (CIBM), Livorno, Italy
| | - Luigi Intorre
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Montserrat Solé
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar ICM-CSIC, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Freitas
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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9
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Ledder RG, Latimer J, Forbes S, Penney JL, Sreenivasan PK, McBain AJ. Visualization and Quantification of the Oral Hygiene Effects of Brushing, Dentifrice Use, and Brush Wear Using a Tooth Brushing Simulator. Front Public Health 2019; 7:91. [PMID: 31192180 PMCID: PMC6517784 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Approaches that reproduce dental hygiene regimens under controlled conditions have applications in preclinical research. We have applied standardized, reproducible brushing regimes to typodonts coated in simulated or biological plaques to assess the effects on tooth cleaning of toothbrush/dentifrice regimens. Replicated typodonts were coated with OccludeTM or GlogermTM indicators to simulate plaque, and brushed reproducibly using a mechanical brushing simulator to compare the cleaning of occlusal surfaces before and after brushing with water or a dentifrice. An in vitro model using salivary inocula to cultivate oral biofilms on typodont surfaces was then developed to evaluate removal of disclosed plaque by new toothbrushes in comparison to toothbrushes with wear equivalent to 3 months of use. Analyses of typodonts brushed under controlled conditions significantly (p < 0.01) distinguished between brushed and unbrushed surfaces and between the use of water vs. dentifrice for the removal of simulated interproximal plaque (p < 0.05). New toothbrushes removed significantly (p < 0.05) more biological plaque from typodont surfaces than brushes that had been worn by repeated brushing. Through controlled and defined brushing of typodonts with simulated and biological plaques, the effectiveness of dental hygiene regimens was compared under reproducible conditions. Data indicate that the cleaning effectiveness of brushing was augmented by the addition of dentifrice and that new brushes were significantly more effective than brushes with substantial wear from previous use. Whilst we have focussed on the occlusal surfaces of molars and worn brushes, the method could be applied to a range of other tooth surfaces and oral hygiene regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth G Ledder
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Joe Latimer
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Forbes
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jodie L Penney
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Prem K Sreenivasan
- Colgate-Palmolive Company, Piscataway, NJ, United States.,Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States
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Stewart B, Shibli JA, Araujo M, Figueiredo LC, Panagakos F, Matarazzo F, Mairink R, Onuma T, Faveri M, Retamal-Valdes B, Feres M. Effects of a toothpaste containing 0.3% triclosan in the maintenance phase of peri-implantitis treatment: 2-Year randomized clinical trial. Clin Oral Implants Res 2018; 29:973-985. [DOI: 10.1111/clr.13363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernal Stewart
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division; Guarulhos University; Guarulhos São Paulo Brazil
- Colgate-Palmolive Technology Center; Piscataway New Jersey
| | - Jamil Awad Shibli
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division; Guarulhos University; Guarulhos São Paulo Brazil
| | - Mauricio Araujo
- School of Dentistry; State University of Maringa; Maringa Paraná Brazil
| | | | | | - Flavia Matarazzo
- School of Dentistry; State University of Maringa; Maringa Paraná Brazil
| | - Renata Mairink
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division; Guarulhos University; Guarulhos São Paulo Brazil
| | - Tatiana Onuma
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division; Guarulhos University; Guarulhos São Paulo Brazil
| | - Marcelo Faveri
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division; Guarulhos University; Guarulhos São Paulo Brazil
| | - Belén Retamal-Valdes
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division; Guarulhos University; Guarulhos São Paulo Brazil
| | - Magda Feres
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division; Guarulhos University; Guarulhos São Paulo Brazil
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11
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Hyde S, Dupuis V, Mariri BP, Dartevelle S. Prevention of tooth loss and dental pain for reducing the global burden of oral diseases. Int Dent J 2017; 67 Suppl 2:19-25. [DOI: 10.1111/idj.12328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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12
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Zhou Z, Yang J, Chan KM. Toxic effects of triclosan on a zebrafish (Danio rerio) liver cell line, ZFL. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 191:175-188. [PMID: 28843737 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS, 5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) phenol) is an antimicrobial agent widely used in personal care products. It has been detected in surface water, soil, aquatic species, and even humans. In this study, we used zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model to test the hypothesis that TCS exhibits toxic effects by interacting with thyroid hormone receptor β (TRβ) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and by inducing the transcription of thyroid hormone (TH)-associated genes and affecting phase I and phase II enzymes. The median lethal concentrations (LC50) of TCS in zebrafish embryos/larvae and a zebrafish liver cell line (ZFL) were first determined. Hatched larvae were most sensitive to TCS exposure, with LC50 values ranging from 1.26 to 1.46μM for 96h after hatching exposure. The major effect of TCS was delayed hatching which occurred from 1.13μM. The constructed GFP-zfTRβ fusion protein revealed the subcellular location of zfTRβ as the nucleus in both T3-induced and uninduced states, adding to the difficulty of studying TCS action on thyroid hormone receptors in ZFL cells. TCS had neither agonistic nor antagonistic effects on zfTRβLBD or AhR from the reporter gene systems. Ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (EROD) assay suggested that TCS is a weak P4501a (Cyp1a) agonist at 5μM and that it inhibits cytochrome Cyp1a activity induced by benzo(a)pyrene (BaP). In time course-based mRNA profiling in ZFL cells, 4-h exposure to TCS caused a significant (up to 37.5-fold) inhibition of Cyp1a at 2.5μM. An overall inhibition of liver phase I and II gene transcription at 4h exposure indicates the possible quick catabolism of TCS. Our findings suggest that TCS is not a TH mimic that affects TH-related gene expression. The impairment of Cyp1a mRNA expression could be due to stimulation by other stressors such as oxidative stress, warranting further investigation into the underlying mechanism in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Jie Yang
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - King Ming Chan
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, N.T., Hong Kong, China.
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13
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Bright R, Marchant C, Bartold PM. The effect of triclosan on posttranslational modification of proteins through citrullination and carbamylation. Clin Oral Investig 2017; 22:487-493. [PMID: 28589473 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2137-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was evaluate the effect of triclosan on citrullination and carbamylation, two important protein posttranslational modifications associated with inflammatory conditions such as periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A range of triclosan concentrations were incubated in the presence of appropriate substrates used for the generation of either citrullinated or carbamylated proteins. The effect of triclosan on protein citrullination and carbamylation in macrophages was also assessed. RESULTS Citrullination and carbamylation were both significantly decreased by triclosan at concentrations six times lower than the 0.3% triclosan approved by the FDA to use in mouthwash and toothpaste. When macrophages were exposed to triclosan, carbamylation was significantly deceased (p = 0.01), and while citrullination also decreased, this reduction was not statistically significant (p = 0.06). CONCLUSION Triclosan reduced the generation of protein citrullination and carbamylation in vitro. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Triclosan may be useful as an adjunct therapy in the management of inflammatory periodontal diseases and help to reduce posttranslational protein modification citrullination and carbamylation) in these tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Bright
- Colgate Australian Clinical Dental Research Centre, Department of Dentistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia.
| | - C Marchant
- Colgate Australian Clinical Dental Research Centre, Department of Dentistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - P M Bartold
- Colgate Australian Clinical Dental Research Centre, Department of Dentistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
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Reduced plaque formation between brushing. Br Dent J 2016. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2016.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Triclosan could boost fluoride in toothpastes. Br Dent J 2014; 216:104. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2014.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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