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Ridha MR, Marlinae L, Zubaidah T, Fadillah NA, Widjaja J, Rosadi D, Rahayu N, Ningsih M, Desimal I, Sofyandi A. Control methods for invasive mosquitoes of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Indonesia. Vet World 2023; 16:1952-1963. [PMID: 37859959 PMCID: PMC10583872 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1952-1963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The two invasive mosquito species in Indonesia are Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus. These mosquitoes are a serious nuisance to humans and are also the primary vectors of several foreign pathogens, such as dengue, Zika, and chikungunya viruses. Efforts must be made to reduce the possibility of mosquito bites and the potential for disease transmission. Given the invasion of these two Aedes species, this approach should be considered as part of an integrated strategy to manage them. This review discusses existing and developing control techniques for invasive Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus, with an emphasis on those that have been and are being used in Indonesia. Environmental, mechanical, biological (e.g., Bacillus thuringiensis and Wolbachia), and chemical (e.g., insect growth regulators and pyrethroids) approaches are discussed in this review, considering their effectiveness, sustainability, and control methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rasyid Ridha
- Vector-borne and Zoonotic Diseases Research Group, Research Center for Public Health and Nutrition, Cibinong Science Center, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM.46, Bogor, West Java, 16915, Indonesia
| | - Lenie Marlinae
- Department of Environmental Health, Public Health Study Program, Medical Faculty, Universitas Labung Mangkurat, Jl. A. Yani, Km. 36 Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Tien Zubaidah
- Environmental Health Program, Banjarmasin Health Polytechnic, Jl. H. Mistar Cokrokusumo No.1A, Kemuning, Banjar Baru, South Kalimantan, 70714, Indonesia
| | - Noor Ahda Fadillah
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health Study Program, Medical Faculty, Universitas Labung Mangkurat, Jl. A. Yani, Km. 36 Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Junus Widjaja
- Vector-borne and Zoonotic Diseases Research Group, Research Center for Public Health and Nutrition, Cibinong Science Center, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM.46, Bogor, West Java, 16915, Indonesia
| | - Dian Rosadi
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health Study Program, Medical Faculty, Universitas Labung Mangkurat, Jl. A. Yani, Km. 36 Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Nita Rahayu
- Vector-borne and Zoonotic Diseases Research Group, Research Center for Public Health and Nutrition, Cibinong Science Center, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM.46, Bogor, West Java, 16915, Indonesia
| | - Murtiana Ningsih
- Public Health Study Program, Sports Sciences and Public Health Faculty, Universitas Pendidikan Mataram, Jl. Pemuda No. 59 A Mataram West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
| | - Iwan Desimal
- Public Health Study Program, Sports Sciences and Public Health Faculty, Universitas Pendidikan Mataram, Jl. Pemuda No. 59 A Mataram West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
| | - Arif Sofyandi
- Public Health Study Program, Sports Sciences and Public Health Faculty, Universitas Pendidikan Mataram, Jl. Pemuda No. 59 A Mataram West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
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Florez D, Young AJ, Bernabé KJ, Hyman JM, Qu Z. Modeling Sustained Transmission of Wolbachia among Anopheles Mosquitoes: Implications for Malaria Control in Haiti. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:tropicalmed8030162. [PMID: 36977163 PMCID: PMC10056903 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8030162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Wolbachia infection in Anopheles albimanus mosquitoes can render mosquitoes less capable of spreading malaria. We developed and analyzed a mechanistic compartmental ordinary differential equation model to evaluate the effectiveness of Wolbachia-based vector control strategies among wild Anopheles mosquitoes in Haiti. The model tracks the mosquito life stages, including egg, larva, and adult (male and female). It also accounts for critical biological effects, such as the maternal transmission of Wolbachia through infected females and cytoplasmic incompatibility, which effectively sterilizes uninfected females when they mate with infected males. We derive and interpret dimensionless numbers, including the basic reproductive number and next-generation numbers. The proposed system presents a backward bifurcation, which indicates a threshold infection that needs to be exceeded to establish a stable Wolbachia infection. The sensitivity analysis ranks the relative importance of the epidemiological parameters at baseline. We simulate different intervention scenarios, including prerelease mitigation using larviciding and thermal fogging before the release, multiple releases of infected populations, and different release times of the year. Our simulations show that the most efficient approach to establishing Wolbachia is to release all the infected mosquitoes immediately after the prerelease mitigation process. Moreover, the model predicts that it is more efficient to release during the dry season than the wet season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Florez
- Department of Mathematics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA; (D.F.); (J.M.H.)
| | - Alyssa J. Young
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (A.J.Y.); (K.J.B.)
| | - Kerlly J. Bernabé
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (A.J.Y.); (K.J.B.)
| | - James M. Hyman
- Department of Mathematics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA; (D.F.); (J.M.H.)
| | - Zhuolin Qu
- Department of Mathematics, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
- Correspondence:
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Mechan F, Bartonicek Z, Malone D, Lees RS. Unmanned aerial vehicles for surveillance and control of vectors of malaria and other vector-borne diseases. Malar J 2023; 22:23. [PMID: 36670398 PMCID: PMC9854044 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-022-04414-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) has expanded rapidly in ecological conservation and agriculture, with a growing literature describing their potential applications in global health efforts including vector control. Vector-borne diseases carry severe public health and economic impacts to over half of the global population yet conventional approaches to the surveillance and treatment of vector habitats is typically laborious and slow. The high mobility of UAVs allows them to reach remote areas that might otherwise be inaccessible to ground-based teams. Given the rapidly expanding examples of these tools in vector control programmes, there is a need to establish the current knowledge base of applications for UAVs in this context and assess the strengths and challenges compared to conventional methodologies. This review aims to summarize the currently available knowledge on the capabilities of UAVs in both malaria control and in vector control more broadly in cases where the technology could be readily adapted to malaria vectors. This review will cover the current use of UAVs in vector habitat surveillance and deployment of control payloads, in comparison with their existing conventional approaches. Finally, this review will highlight the logistical and regulatory challenges in scaling up the use of UAVs in malaria control programmes and highlight potential future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Mechan
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, L3 5QA UK
| | - Zikmund Bartonicek
- Innovative Vector Control Consortium (IVCC), Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, L3 5QA UK
| | - David Malone
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF), 500 5th Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109 USA
| | - Rosemary Susan Lees
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, L3 5QA UK
- Innovation to Impact (I2I), Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, L3 5QA UK
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Hilton Boon M, Thomson H, Shaw B, Akl EA, Lhachimi SK, López-Alcalde J, Klugar M, Choi L, Saz-Parkinson Z, Mustafa RA, Langendam MW, Crane O, Morgan RL, Rehfuess E, Johnston BC, Chong LY, Guyatt GH, Schünemann HJ, Katikireddi SV. Challenges in applying the GRADE approach in public health guidelines and systematic reviews: a concept article from the GRADE Public Health Group. J Clin Epidemiol 2021; 135:42-53. [PMID: 33476768 PMCID: PMC8352629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE This article explores the need for conceptual advances and practical guidance in the application of the GRADE approach within public health contexts. METHODS We convened an expert workshop and conducted a scoping review to identify challenges experienced by GRADE users in public health contexts. We developed this concept article through thematic analysis and an iterative process of consultation and discussion conducted with members electronically and at three GRADE Working Group meetings. RESULTS Five priority issues can pose challenges for public health guideline developers and systematic reviewers when applying GRADE: (1) incorporating the perspectives of diverse stakeholders; (2) selecting and prioritizing health and "nonhealth" outcomes; (3) interpreting outcomes and identifying a threshold for decision-making; (4) assessing certainty of evidence from diverse sources, including nonrandomized studies; and (5) addressing implications for decision makers, including concerns about conditional recommendations. We illustrate these challenges with examples from public health guidelines and systematic reviews, identifying gaps where conceptual advances may facilitate the consistent application or further development of the methodology and provide solutions. CONCLUSION The GRADE Public Health Group will respond to these challenges with solutions that are coherent with existing guidance and can be consistently implemented across public health decision-making contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Hilton Boon
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, Berkeley Square, 99 Berkeley Street, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G3 7HR, UK.
| | - Hilary Thomson
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, Berkeley Square, 99 Berkeley Street, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G3 7HR, UK
| | - Beth Shaw
- Center for Evidence-based Policy, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201 USA
| | - Elie A Akl
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street W, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada; Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Stefan K Lhachimi
- Department for Health Services Research, Institute of Public Health and Nursing Research, University of Bremen, Grazer Straße 4, 28359 Bremen, Germany; Health Sciences Bremen, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Jesús López-Alcalde
- Department of Paediatrics, Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Preventative Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria (UFV)-Madrid; Clinical Biostatistics Unit, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS); CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health; Cochrane Associate Centre of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miloslav Klugar
- Faculty of Medicine, Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, The Czech Republic Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare; JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czechia
| | - Leslie Choi
- The Department of Vector Biology, Partnership for Increasing the Impact of Vector Control, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Reem A Mustafa
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street W, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada; Departments of Medicine and Biomedical & Health Informatics, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 66160 USA
| | - Miranda W Langendam
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Olivia Crane
- National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), Level 1A, City Tower, Piccadilly Plaza, Manchester M1 4BT, UK
| | - Rebecca L Morgan
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street W, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Eva Rehfuess
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Pettenkofer School of Public Health, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Lee Yee Chong
- Cochrane Public Health and Health Systems Network, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gordon H Guyatt
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street W, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Holger J Schünemann
- Department of Health Research Methods, Michael G DeGroote Cochrane Canada and McMaster GRADE Centres, and WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Diseases, Research Methods and Recommendations, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, Berkeley Square, 99 Berkeley Street, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G3 7HR, UK
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Space spraying is the dispersal of a liquid fog of insecticide into an outdoor area to kill adult insects. It has been regularly used in public health and pest control programmes, including use as an emergency response to malaria epidemics. This Cochrane Review aims to assist the decision-making of malaria vector control programmes by summarizing the evidence of the impact of space spraying on malaria transmission. OBJECTIVES The review's primary objective was to evaluate the impact of space spraying on malaria transmission, or the incremental impact when applied in combination with other malaria control methods, in comparison to equivalent conditions with no space spraying intervention.To guide future evaluations of space spraying, a secondary objective was to identify and summarize the range of space spraying strategies that have been trialled, those which were promising and warrant further evaluation, and those which appear unlikely to warrant further evaluation (for example, if they were not feasible to implement, or were unacceptable to the population). SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group Specialized Register; the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), published in the Cochrane Library; PubMed (MEDLINE); Embase (OVID), CAB Abstracts (Web of Science), LILACS (BIREME), the World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and ClinicalTrials.gov up to 18 April 2018. We contacted organizations for ongoing and unpublished trials, and checked the reference lists of all included studies for relevant studies. SELECTION CRITERIA We included cluster-randomized controlled trials, interrupted time series (ITS) studies, randomized cross-over studies, and controlled before-and-after (CBA) studies comparing space spraying with no space spraying that met the inclusion criteria for the review. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently assessed trials for eligibility and risk of bias, and extracted the data. For ITS studies, we present findings graphically, and estimated the effect of space spraying on the step change and the slope change. We assessed the certainty of evidence using the GRADE approach. MAIN RESULTS Two ITS studies, conducted between 1972 and 1984, met our inclusion criteria for the primary objective, and one study contributed to the quantitative analysis. This study was conducted in India, reported the incidence of malaria in four separate sites, and covered a total population of 18,460 people. In the pooled analysis across sites, there was no step effect for the incidence of uncomplicated malaria (step rate ratio 1.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.51 to 1.92). There was an effect on the slope: the number of cases was reduced by 15% per month (slope rate ratio 0.85, 95% CI 0.79 to 0.91). Using these ratios, we estimated the effect of 12 months of space spraying on malaria incidence to be a reduction from 6 cases to 1 case per month per 1000 population (95% CI 0 to 2 cases, very low-certainty evidence). The second study reported the impact of space spraying on malaria incidence and adult mosquito density in a population of 15,106 in Haiti, but it did not provide data from previous years. Thus, we could not estimate an effect of space spraying that was independent from temporal trends.For the review's secondary objective, we identified a further two studies in addition to the two ITS studies; both used a CBA design and were conducted between 1973 and 2000. The four studies used a range of delivery methods including handheld, vehicle-mounted, and aircraft-mounted spraying equipment. A variety of insecticides, doses, and spraying times were also used, with methods typically determined based on environmental factors and vector profiles. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Evidence from one state in India conducted over 30 years ago suggests an effect of space spraying on the incidence of malaria, but the certainty of the evidence is very low. Reliable research in a variety of settings will help establish whether and when this intervention may be worthwhile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Pryce
- Liverpool School of Tropical MedicineDepartment of Clinical SciencesPembroke PlaceLiverpoolUKL3 5QA
| | - Leslie Choi
- Liverpool School of Tropical MedicineDepartment of Clinical SciencesPembroke PlaceLiverpoolUKL3 5QA
| | - Marty Richardson
- Liverpool School of Tropical MedicineCochrane Infectious Diseases GroupPembroke PlaceLiverpoolUKL3 5QA
| | - David Malone
- Liverpool School of Tropical MedicineIVCCPembroke PlaceLiverpoolUKL3 5QA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Adult female Anopheles mosquitoes can transmit Plasmodium parasites that cause malaria. Some fish species eat mosquito larvae and pupae. In disease control policy documents, the World Health Organization (WHO) includes biological control of malaria vectors by stocking ponds, rivers, and water collections near where people live with larvivorous fish to reduce Plasmodium parasite transmission. In the past, the Global Fund has financed larvivorous fish programmes in some countries, and, with increasing efforts in eradication of malaria, policymakers may return to this option. Therefore, we assessed the evidence base for larvivorous fish programmes in malaria control. OBJECTIVES To evaluate whether introducing larvivorous fish to anopheline larval habitats impacts Plasmodium parasite transmission. We also sought to summarize studies that evaluated whether introducing larvivorous fish influences the density and presence of Anopheles larvae and pupae in water sources. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group Specialized Register; the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), published in the Cochrane Library; MEDLINE (PubMed); Embase (Ovid); CABS Abstracts; LILACS; and the metaRegister of Controlled Trials (mRCT) up to 6 July 2017. We checked the reference lists of all studies identified by the search. We examined references listed in review articles and previously compiled bibliographies to look for eligible studies. Also we contacted researchers in the field and the authors of studies that met the inclusion criteria for additional information regarding potential studies for inclusion and ongoing studies. This is an update of a Cochrane Review published in 2013. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs, including controlled before-and-after studies, controlled time series, and controlled interrupted time series studies from malaria-endemic regions that introduced fish as a larvicide and reported on malaria in the community or the density of the adult anopheline population. In the absence of direct evidence of an effect on transmission, we performed a secondary analysis on studies that evaluated the effect of introducing larvivorous fish on the density or presence of immature anopheline mosquitoes (larvae and pupae forms) in water sources to determine whether this intervention has any potential that may justify further research in the control of malaria vectors. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently screened each article by title and abstract, and examined potentially relevant studies for inclusion using an eligibility form. At least two review authors independently extracted data and assessed risk of bias of included studies. If relevant data were unclear or were not reported, we contacted the study authors for clarification. We presented data in tables, and we summarized studies that evaluated the effects of introducing fish on anopheline immature density or presence, or both. We used the GRADE approach to summarize the certainty of the evidence. We also examined whether the included studies reported any possible adverse impact of introducing larvivorous fish on non-target native species. MAIN RESULTS We identified no studies that reported the effects of introducing larvivorous fish on the primary outcomes of this review: malaria infection in nearby communities, entomological inoculation rate, or on adult Anopheles density.For the secondary analysis, we examined the effects of introducing larvivorous fish on the density and presence of anopheline larvae and pupae in community water sources, and found 15 small studies with a follow-up period between 22 days and five years. These studies were undertaken in Sri Lanka (two studies), India (three studies), Ethiopia (one study), Kenya (two studies), Sudan (one study), Grande Comore Island (one study), Korea (two studies), Indonesia (one study), and Tajikistan (two studies). These studies were conducted in a variety of settings, including localized water bodies (such as wells, domestic water containers, fishponds, and pools (seven studies); riverbed pools below dams (two studies)); rice field plots (five studies); and water canals (two studies). All included studies were at high risk of bias. The research was insufficient to determine whether larvivorous fish reduce the density of Anopheles larvae and pupae (12 studies, unpooled data, very low certainty evidence). Some studies with high stocking levels of fish seemed to arrest the increase in immature anopheline populations, or to reduce the number of immature anopheline mosquitoes, compared with controls. However, this finding was not consistent, and in studies that showed a decrease in immature anopheline populations, the effect was not always consistently sustained. In contrast, some studies reported larvivorous fish reduced the number of water sources withAnopheles larvae and pupae (five studies, unpooled data, low certainty evidence).None of the included studies reported effects of larvivorous fish on local native fish populations or other species. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS We do not know whether introducing larvivorous fish reduces malaria transmission or the density of adult anopheline mosquito populations.In research studies that examined the effects on immature anopheline stages of introducing fish to potential malaria vector larval habitats, high stocking levels of fish may reduce the density or presence of immature anopheline mosquitoes in the short term. We do not know whether this translates into impact on malaria transmission. Our interpretation of the current evidence is that countries should not invest in fish stocking as a stand alone or supplementary larval control measure in any malaria transmission areas outside the context of research using carefully controlled field studies or quasi-experimental designs. Such research should examine the effects on native fish and other non-target species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre P Walshe
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, UK, L3 5QA
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