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Bernal A, Bechler AJ, Mohan K, Rizzino A, Mathew G. The Current Therapeutic Landscape for Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:351. [PMID: 38543137 PMCID: PMC10974045 DOI: 10.3390/ph17030351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
In 2024, there will be an estimated 1,466,718 cases of prostate cancer (PC) diagnosed globally, of which 299,010 cases are estimated to be from the US. The typical clinical approach for PC involves routine screening, diagnosis, and standard lines of treatment. However, not all patients respond to therapy and are subsequently diagnosed with treatment emergent neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC). There are currently no approved treatments for this form of aggressive PC. In this review, a compilation of the clinical trials regimen to treat late-stage NEPC using novel targets and/or a combination approach is presented. The novel targets assessed include DLL3, EZH2, B7-H3, Aurora-kinase-A (AURKA), receptor tyrosine kinases, PD-L1, and PD-1. Among these, the trials administering drugs Alisertib or Cabozantinib, which target AURKA or receptor tyrosine kinases, respectively, appear to have promising results. The least effective trials appear to be ones that target the immune checkpoint pathways PD-1/PD-L1. Many promising clinical trials are currently in progress. Consequently, the landscape of successful treatment regimens for NEPC is extremely limited. These trial results and the literature on the topic emphasize the need for new preventative measures, diagnostics, disease specific biomarkers, and a thorough clinical understanding of NEPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Bernal
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68106, USA; (A.B.); (A.J.B.); (K.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Alivia Jane Bechler
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68106, USA; (A.B.); (A.J.B.); (K.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Kabhilan Mohan
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68106, USA; (A.B.); (A.J.B.); (K.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Angie Rizzino
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68106, USA; (A.B.); (A.J.B.); (K.M.); (A.R.)
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68106, USA
| | - Grinu Mathew
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68106, USA; (A.B.); (A.J.B.); (K.M.); (A.R.)
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68106, USA
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Liu Y, Wang C. An efficient 3D reconstruction method based on WT-TV denoising for low-dose CT images. Technol Health Care 2023; 31:463-475. [PMID: 37038798 DOI: 10.3233/thc-236040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to reduce the impact of CT radiation, low-dose CT is often used, but low-dose CT will bring more noise, affecting image quality and subsequent 3D reconstruction results. OBJECTIVE The study presents a reconstruction method based on wavelet transform-total variation (WT-TV) for low-dose CT. METHODS First, the low-dose CT images were denoised using WT and TV denoising methods. The WT method could preserve the features, and the TV method could preserve the edges and structures. Second, the two sets of denoised images were fused so that the features, edges, and structures could be preserved at the same time. Finally, FBP reconstruction was performed to obtain the final 3D reconstruction result. RESULTS The results show that The WT-TV method can effectively denoise low-dose CT and improve the clarity and accuracy of 3D reconstruction models. CONCLUSION Compared with other reconstruction methods, the proposed reconstruction method successfully addressed the issue of low-dose CT noising by further denoising the CT images before reconstruction. The denoising effect of low-dose CT images and the 3D reconstruction model were compared via experiments.
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Ultrasonography in diagnostic dermatology: a primer for clinicians. Arch Dermatol Res 2023; 315:1-6. [PMID: 34999934 PMCID: PMC8742881 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-021-02307-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound has long been a diagnostic staple throughout medicine, with extensive use in orthopaedics and obstetrics. In this review, we find there are a range of versatile uses for diagnostic ultrasound in dermatology, with particular clinical relevance in the imaging of skin tumours. Our review outlines that diagnostic ultrasound can play an important role as an adjunct, but shortfalls remain with inter- and intra-operator discrepancies in aptitude and accuracy.
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Intra-Abdominal Malignant Melanoma: Challenging Aspects of Epidemiology, Clinical and Paraclinical Diagnosis and Optimal Treatment—A Literature Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12092054. [PMID: 36140455 PMCID: PMC9498106 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12092054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
According to European consensus-based interdisciplinary guidelines for melanoma, cutaneous melanoma (CM) is the most deadly form of dermatological malignancy, accounting for 90% of the deaths of skin cancer patients. In addition to cutaneous melanoma, mucosal melanoma occurs in four major anatomical sites, including the upper respiratory tract, the conjunctiva, the anorectal region, and the urogenital area. As this cancer type metastasizes, a classification used in the current medical literature is the distinction between secondary lesions and primary malignant melanoma of the abdominal cavity. Given that malignant melanoma is the most common cancer that spreads to the gastrointestinal tract, different imaging modalities compete to diagnose the phenomenon correctly and to measure its extension. Treatment is primarily surgery-based, supported by immunotherapy, and prolongs survival, even when performed at stage IV illness. In the end, special forms of malignant melanoma are discussed, such as melanoma of the genito-urinary tract and amelanotic/achromic melanoma. The importance of this present literature review relies on yielding and grouping consistent and relevant, updated information on the many aspects and challenges that a clinician might encounter during the diagnosis and treatment of a patient with intra-abdominal melanoma.
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Xeroderma Pigmentosum: A Genetic Condition Skin Cancer Correlated—A Systematic Review. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:8549532. [PMID: 35898688 PMCID: PMC9313971 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8549532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of UV radiation-induced damage repair that is characterized by photosensitivity and a propensity for developing, among many others, skin cancers at an early age. This systematic review focused on the correlation between the clinical, pathological, and genetic aspects of XP and skin cancer. Methods. A systematic review was conducted through a literature search of online databases PubMed, Cochrane Library, SciELO, and Google Scholar. Search terms were “Xeroderma pigmentosum”, “XP”, “XPC”, “Nucleotide excision repair”, “NER”, “POLH”, “Dry pigmented skin”, and “UV sensitive syndrome” meshed with the terms “Skin cancer”, “Melanoma”, and “NMSC”. Results. After 504 abstracts screening, 13 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility, and 3 of them were excluded. Ten articles were selected for qualitative assessment. Conclusions. Patients with XP usually suffer shorter lives due to skin cancer and neurodegenerative disease. Deletion/alteration of a distinct gene allele can produce different types of cancer. The XPC and XP-E variants are more likely to have skin cancer than patients in other complement groups, and the most common cause of death for these patients is skin cancer (metastatic melanoma or invasive SCC). Still, aggressive preventative measures to minimize UV radiation exposure can retard the course of the disease and improve the quality of life.
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Busch J, Schmidt S, Albers P, Heinzelbecker J, Kliesch S, Lackner J, Pfister D, Ruf C, Winter C, Zengerling F, Beyersdorff D. Can magnetic resonance imaging replace conventional computerized tomography for follow-up of patients with testicular cancer? A systematic review. World J Urol 2022; 40:2843-2852. [PMID: 35037965 PMCID: PMC9712293 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-022-03931-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Follow-up protocols for patients with testicular cancer (TC) have significantly reduced the number of cross-sectional imaging studies to reduce radiation exposure. At present, it is unclear whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could replace conventional computerized tomography (CT) imaging. The objective of this study is to summarize the scientific evidence on this topic and to review guideline recommendations with regard to the use of MRI. METHODS A systematic literature review was performed searching Medline and Cochrane databases for prospective studies on patients with TC in the follow-up care (last search in February 2021). Additionally, guideline recommendations for TC were screened. Data extraction and quality assessment of included studies were performed and used for a descriptive presentation of results. RESULTS A total of four studies including two ongoing trials were identified. Overall, the scientific evidence of prospective comparative studies is based on 102 patients. Data suggest that abdominal imaging with MRI can replace conventional CT for detection of lymph node metastasis of the retroperitoneum to spare radiation exposure and contrast media application. However, experienced radiologists are needed. Clinical guidelines are aware of the risk of diagnosis-induced secondary malignancy due to CT imaging and some have adapted their recommendations accordingly. Results of the two ongoing trials on 738 patients are expected soon to provide more reliable results on this topic. CONCLUSIONS There is growing evidence that abdominopelvic MRI imaging can replace CT imaging during follow-up of patients with TC in order to reduce radiation exposure and diagnosis-induced secondary malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Busch
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Department of Urology, Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany ,grid.433867.d0000 0004 0476 8412Department of Urology, Vivantes Klinikum Am Urban, Dieffenbachstr. 1, 10967 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Peter Albers
- grid.14778.3d0000 0000 8922 7789Department of Urology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia Heinzelbecker
- grid.411937.9Department of Urology and Paediatric Urology, Saarland University Medical Centre and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg, Saar Germany
| | - Sabine Kliesch
- grid.16149.3b0000 0004 0551 4246Department of Clinical and Surgical Andrology, Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University Hospital, Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Julia Lackner
- UroEvidence@Deutsche Gesellschaft Für Urologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Pfister
- grid.411097.a0000 0000 8852 305XDepartment of Urology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Ruf
- Department of Urology, Bundeswehrkrankenhaus (German Federal Armed Forces Hospital), Koblenz, Germany
| | | | - Friedemann Zengerling
- grid.410712.10000 0004 0473 882XDepartment of Urology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Dirk Beyersdorff
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Clinic and Polyclinic for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Vale L, Kunonga P, Coughlan D, Kontogiannis V, Astin M, Beyer F, Richmond C, Wilson D, Bajwa D, Javanbakht M, Bryant A, Akor W, Craig D, Lovat P, Labus M, Nasr B, Cunliffe T, Hinde H, Shawgi M, Saleh D, Royle P, Steward P, Lucas R, Ellis R. Optimal surveillance strategies for patients with stage 1 cutaneous melanoma post primary tumour excision: three systematic reviews and an economic model. Health Technol Assess 2021; 25:1-178. [PMID: 34792018 DOI: 10.3310/hta25640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant melanoma is the fifth most common cancer in the UK, with rates continuing to rise, resulting in considerable burden to patients and the NHS. OBJECTIVES The objectives were to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of current and alternative follow-up strategies for stage IA and IB melanoma. REVIEW METHODS Three systematic reviews were conducted. (1) The effectiveness of surveillance strategies. Outcomes were detection of new primaries, recurrences, metastases and survival. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's Risk-of-Bias 2.0 tool. (2) Prediction models to stratify by risk of recurrence, metastases and survival. Model performance was assessed by study-reported measures of discrimination (e.g. D-statistic, Harrel's c-statistic), calibration (e.g. the Hosmer-Lemeshow 'goodness-of-fit' test) or overall performance (e.g. Brier score, R 2). Risk of bias was assessed using the Prediction model Risk Of Bias ASsessment Tool (PROBAST). (3) Diagnostic test accuracy of fine-needle biopsy and ultrasonography. Outcomes were detection of new primaries, recurrences, metastases and overall survival. Risk of bias was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2) tool. Review data and data from elsewhere were used to model the cost-effectiveness of alternative surveillance strategies and the value of further research. RESULTS (1) The surveillance review included one randomised controlled trial. There was no evidence of a difference in new primary or recurrence detected (risk ratio 0.75, 95% confidence interval 0.43 to 1.31). Risk of bias was considered to be of some concern. Certainty of the evidence was low. (2) Eleven risk prediction models were identified. Discrimination measures were reported for six models, with the area under the operating curve ranging from 0.59 to 0.88. Three models reported calibration measures, with coefficients of ≥ 0.88. Overall performance was reported by two models. In one, the Brier score was slightly better than the American Joint Committee on Cancer scheme score. The other reported an R 2 of 0.47 (95% confidence interval 0.45 to 0.49). All studies were judged to have a high risk of bias. (3) The diagnostic test accuracy review identified two studies. One study considered fine-needle biopsy and the other considered ultrasonography. The sensitivity and specificity for fine-needle biopsy were 0.94 (95% confidence interval 0.90 to 0.97) and 0.95 (95% confidence interval 0.90 to 0.97), respectively. For ultrasonography, sensitivity and specificity were 1.00 (95% confidence interval 0.03 to 1.00) and 0.99 (95% confidence interval 0.96 to 0.99), respectively. For the reference standards and flow and timing domains, the risk of bias was rated as being high for both studies. The cost-effectiveness results suggest that, over a lifetime, less intensive surveillance than recommended by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence might be worthwhile. There was considerable uncertainty. Improving the diagnostic performance of cancer nurse specialists and introducing a risk prediction tool could be promising. Further research on transition probabilities between different stages of melanoma and on improving diagnostic accuracy would be of most value. LIMITATIONS Overall, few data of limited quality were available, and these related to earlier versions of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging. Consequently, there was considerable uncertainty in the economic evaluation. CONCLUSIONS Despite adoption of rigorous methods, too few data are available to justify changes to the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence recommendations on surveillance. However, alternative strategies warrant further research, specifically on improving estimates of incidence, progression of recurrent disease; diagnostic accuracy and health-related quality of life; developing and evaluating risk stratification tools; and understanding patient preferences. STUDY REGISTRATION This study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42018086784. FUNDING This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol 25, No. 64. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Vale
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Patience Kunonga
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Diarmuid Coughlan
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Margaret Astin
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Fiona Beyer
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Catherine Richmond
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Dor Wilson
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Dalvir Bajwa
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mehdi Javanbakht
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Andrew Bryant
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Wanwuri Akor
- Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Shields, UK
| | - Dawn Craig
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Penny Lovat
- Institute of Translation and Clinical Studies, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Marie Labus
- Business Development and Enterprise, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Batoul Nasr
- Dermatological Sciences, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Timothy Cunliffe
- Dermatology Department, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Helena Hinde
- Dermatology Department, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Mohamed Shawgi
- Radiology Department, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Daniel Saleh
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Princess Alexandra Hospital Southside Clinical Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Pam Royle
- Patient representative, ITV Tyne Tees, Gateshead, UK
| | - Paul Steward
- Patient representative, Dermatology Department, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Rachel Lucas
- Patient representative, Dermatology Department, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Robert Ellis
- Institute of Translation and Clinical Studies, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough, UK
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Wright CL, Miller ED, Contreras C, Knopp MV. Precision Nuclear Medicine: The Evolving Role of PET in Melanoma. Radiol Clin North Am 2021; 59:755-772. [PMID: 34392917 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The clinical management of melanoma patients has been rapidly evolving with the introduction of new targeted immuno-oncology (IO) therapeutics. The current diagnostic paradigms for melanoma patients begins with the histopathologic confirmation of melanoma, initial staging of disease burden with imaging and surgical approaches, treatment monitoring during systemic cytotoxic chemotherapy or IO therapeutics, restaging after completion of adjuvant systemic, surgical, and/or external radiation therapy, and the detection of recurrent malignancy/metastatic disease following therapy. New and evolving imaging approaches with positron-emission tomography (PET) imaging technologies, imaging methodologies, image reconstruction, and image analytics will likely continue to improve tumor detection, tumor characterization, and diagnostic confidence, enabling novel precision nuclear medicine practices for managing melanoma patients. This review will examine current concepts and challenges with existing PET imaging diagnostics for melanoma patients and introduce exciting new opportunities for PET in the current era of IO therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chadwick L Wright
- Department of Radiology, Wright Center of Innovation in Biomedical Imaging, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 395 W. 12th Avenue, Suite 460, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Eric D Miller
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 460 W. 10th Avenue, 2nd Floor, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Carlo Contreras
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 2050 Kenny Road, Tower 4th Floor, Columbus, OH 43221, USA
| | - Michael V Knopp
- Department of Radiology, Wright Center of Innovation in Biomedical Imaging, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 395 W. 12th Avenue, Suite 460, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Canadian Melanoma Conference Recommendations on High-Risk Melanoma Surveillance: A Report from the 14th Annual Canadian Melanoma Conference; Banff, Alberta; 20-22 February 2020. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 28:2040-2051. [PMID: 34072050 PMCID: PMC8161801 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28030189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: There are a lack of established guidelines for the surveillance of high-risk cutaneous melanoma patients following initial therapy. We describe a novel approach to the development of a national expert recommendation statement on high-risk melanoma surveillance (HRS). Methods: A consensus-based, live, online voting process was undertaken at the 13th and 14th annual Canadian Melanoma Conferences (CMC) to collect expert opinions relating to “who, what, where, and when” HRS should be conducted. Initial opinions were gathered via audience participation software and used as the basis for a second iterative questionnaire distributed online to attendees from the 13th CMC and to identified melanoma specialists from across Canada. A third questionnaire was disseminated in a similar fashion to conduct a final vote on HRS that could be implemented. Results: The majority of respondents from the first two iterative surveys agreed on stages IIB to IV as high risk. Surveillance should be conducted by an appropriate specialist, irrespective of association to a cancer centre. Frequency and modality of surveillance favoured biannual visits and Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography (PET/CT) with brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) among the systemic imaging modalities available. No consensus was initially reached regarding the frequency of systemic imaging and ultrasound of nodal basins (US). The third iterative survey resolved major areas of disagreement. A 5-year surveillance schedule was voted on with 92% of conference members in agreement. Conclusion: This final recommendation was established following 92% overall agreement among the 2020 CMC attendees.
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Zhu Y, Lesch A, Li X, Lin TE, Gasilova N, Jović M, Pick HM, Ho PC, Girault HH. Rapid Noninvasive Skin Monitoring by Surface Mass Recording and Data Learning. JACS AU 2021; 1:598-611. [PMID: 34056635 PMCID: PMC8154208 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.0c00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Skin problems are often overlooked due to a lack of robust and patient-friendly monitoring tools. Herein, we report a rapid, noninvasive, and high-throughput analytical chemical methodology, aiming at real-time monitoring of skin conditions and early detection of skin disorders. Within this methodology, adhesive sampling and laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry are coordinated to record skin surface molecular mass in minutes. Automated result interpretation is achieved by data learning, using similarity scoring and machine learning algorithms. Feasibility of the methodology has been demonstrated after testing a total of 117 healthy, benign-disordered, or malignant-disordered skins. Remarkably, skin malignancy, using melanoma as a proof of concept, was detected with 100% accuracy already at early stages when the lesions were submillimeter-sized, far beyond the detection limit of most existing noninvasive diagnosis tools. Moreover, the malignancy development over time has also been monitored successfully, showing the potential to predict skin disorder progression. Capable of detecting skin alterations at the molecular level in a nonsurgical and time-saving manner, this analytical chemistry platform is promising to build personalized skin care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingdi Zhu
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Lesch
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", Universita degli Studi di Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Xiaoyun Li
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, Université de Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Université de Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Tzu-En Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, 30010 Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Natalia Gasilova
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Milica Jović
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Horst Matthias Pick
- Environmental Engineering Institute, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ping-Chih Ho
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, Université de Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Université de Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Hubert H Girault
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Kordt M, Trautmann I, Schlie C, Lindner T, Stenzel J, Schildt A, Boeckmann L, Bekeschus S, Kurth J, Krause BJ, Vollmar B, Grambow E. Multimodal Imaging Techniques to Evaluate the Anticancer Effect of Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2483. [PMID: 34069689 PMCID: PMC8161248 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin cancer is the most frequent cancer worldwide and is divided into non-melanoma skin cancer, including basal cell carcinoma, as well as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and malignant melanoma (MM). METHODS This study evaluates the effects of cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAP) on SCC and MM in vivo, employing a comprehensive approach using multimodal imaging techniques. Longitudinal MR and PET/CT imaging were performed to determine the anatomic and metabolic tumour volume over three-weeks in vivo. Additionally, the formation of reactive species after CAP treatment was assessed by non-invasive chemiluminescence imaging of L-012. Histological analysis and immunohistochemical staining for Ki-67, ApopTag®, F4/80, CAE, and CD31, as well as protein expression of PCNA, caspase-3 and cleaved-caspase-3, were performed to study proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, and angiogenesis in CAP-treated tumours. RESULTS As the main result, multimodal in vivo imaging revealed a substantial reduction in tumour growth and an increase in reactive species after CAP treatment, in comparison to untreated tumours. In contrast, neither the markers for apoptosis, nor the metabolic activity of both tumour entities was affected by CAP. CONCLUSIONS These findings propose CAP as a potential adjuvant therapy option to established standard therapies of skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Kordt
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute of Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (I.T.); (C.S.); (B.V.); (E.G.)
| | - Isabell Trautmann
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute of Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (I.T.); (C.S.); (B.V.); (E.G.)
| | - Christin Schlie
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute of Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (I.T.); (C.S.); (B.V.); (E.G.)
| | - Tobias Lindner
- Core Facility Multimodal Small Animal Imaging, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (T.L.); (J.S.); (A.S.); (B.J.K.)
| | - Jan Stenzel
- Core Facility Multimodal Small Animal Imaging, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (T.L.); (J.S.); (A.S.); (B.J.K.)
| | - Anna Schildt
- Core Facility Multimodal Small Animal Imaging, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (T.L.); (J.S.); (A.S.); (B.J.K.)
| | - Lars Boeckmann
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venereology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Sander Bekeschus
- Center for innovation competence (ZIK) plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), 17489 Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Jens Kurth
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, 18055 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Bernd J. Krause
- Core Facility Multimodal Small Animal Imaging, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (T.L.); (J.S.); (A.S.); (B.J.K.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, 18055 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Brigitte Vollmar
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute of Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (I.T.); (C.S.); (B.V.); (E.G.)
| | - Eberhard Grambow
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute of Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (I.T.); (C.S.); (B.V.); (E.G.)
- Department for General, Visceral-, Vascular- and Transplantation Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
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12
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Preoperative Screening CT and PET/CT Scanning for Acral Melanoma: Is it Necessary? J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10040811. [PMID: 33671347 PMCID: PMC7921989 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10040811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of preoperative imaging for acral melanoma (AM) has not been fully evaluated. We examined the accuracy of imaging modalities in the detection of nodal and distant metastases in patients with AM. A retrospective review of 109 patients with AM was performed. All patients had no clinical signs suggestive of distant metastases, and underwent preoperative screening computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET)/CT scans. Of 100 patients without lymphadenopathy, 17 patients were suspected of having nodal metastasis in CT and PET/CT, but only two of them were confirmed on histopathological analysis. On the other hand, 12 out of 83 negatively imaged patients showed histopathological signs of nodal metastasis; thus, the sensitivity and specificity of nodal detection were 14.3% and 82.6%, respectively. Regard to the detection of distant metastases, four patients were suspected of having metastasis, but this was later ruled out. The remaining 96 negatively imaged patients were confirmed to have no metastasis at the time of CT and PET/CT by the follow-up. In contrast, distant metastases were found by CT and PET/CT in four of nine patients (44.4%) with lymphadenopathy. Routine preoperative CT and PET/CT for AM patients without lymphadenopathy may not be warranted because of low sensitivity and specificity, but it can be considered for those with lymphadenopathy.
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Ito T, Tanaka Y, Murata M, Kaku-Ito Y, Furue K, Furue M. BRAF Heterogeneity in Melanoma. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2021; 22:20. [PMID: 33558987 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-021-00818-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT In the era of molecular targeted therapy, the accurate detection of BRAF mutation in melanoma has become increasingly important. With the advances of molecular analyses and immunohistochemistry, the presence of BRAF mutational heterogeneity in melanoma has been widely recognized. Although most patients with melanoma have a homogeneous BRAF mutation status because the BRAF mutation occurs at an early stage of melanoma development and acts as a driver gene mutation, BRAF mutational heterogeneity does exist, among different tumor sites of a single patient (intertumor heterogeneity) and/or even within a single tumor (intratumor heterogeneity). To summarize the published reports, about 10% of melanoma patients may show intertumorally discordant BRAF status and about 15% of BRAF-mutated melanomas may have intratumor BRAF heterogeneity, although the reported results vary strikingly among the studies and methods used. Considering the BRAF heterogeneity of melanoma, a single biopsy from a single tumor may not be sufficient to uncover the entire BRAF status of a patient. Multiple samples from different sites may be preferable to assess the indication of BRAF/MEK inhibitors, as recommended by the current clinical guidelines. The impact of BRAF heterogeneity on patient survival or the response to treatment with BRAF/MEK inhibitors is an interesting issue, but requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamichi Ito
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashiku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Yuka Tanaka
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashiku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Maho Murata
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashiku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yumiko Kaku-Ito
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashiku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Furue
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashiku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masutaka Furue
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashiku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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14
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Zhang Y, Huang J, Huang Y, Zhang S, Wu W, Long H, Duan X, Lai Y, Wu W. Tanshinone I and simvastatin inhibit melanoma tumour cell growth by regulating poly (ADP ribose) polymerase 1 expression. Mol Med Rep 2020; 23:40. [PMID: 33179075 PMCID: PMC7684874 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most aggressive forms of skin tumour with poor prognosis; no effective therapy has been established for melanoma at the metastatic stage. The present study aimed to investigate the role of poly (ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPis) and PARP1 expression in melanoma progression. In addition, whether high PARP1 expression was associated with poor overall survival in melanoma, and whether a combination effect existed between PARPis and other anti-tumour compounds (e.g., sunitinib) was analysed. The PARP1 expression was detected using western blot analysis and the proliferation of cells was detected with a colony formation assay. In addition, cell viability assays and xenograft tumor experiments were conducted. The results of the present study demonstrated that sunitinib reduced PARP1 expression and proliferation of melanoma cells. Notably, one of the PARPis, veliparib, reversed the inhibitory effect of sunitinib on PARP1 expression and proliferation, indicating that inhibition of PARP1 enzyme activity by PARPi may be different from the inhibition of PARP1 expression in melanoma cell biological function. To further confirm the relationship between PARP1 expression and tumour cell proliferation, seven compounds, including common approved drugs and natural Chinese medicine monomers, were screened, and the results demonstrated that simvastatin and tanshinone I exerted an inhibitory effect on PARP1 expression and melanoma cell proliferation, and their combination was more effective than simvastatin alone in vivo. The results indicated that simvastatin and tanshinone I inhibited melanoma and renal tumour cells by regulating PARP1 expression, and in addition to the enzyme activity of PARP1, the expression of PARP1 protein may serve a role in tumour progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
| | - Jiusui Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
| | - Yapeng Huang
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, Guangzhou Urology Research Institute, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, P.R. China
| | - Shike Zhang
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, Guangzhou Urology Research Institute, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, P.R. China
| | - Weizhou Wu
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, Guangzhou Urology Research Institute, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, P.R. China
| | - Hui Long
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolu Duan
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, Guangzhou Urology Research Institute, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, P.R. China
| | - Yongchang Lai
- Department of Urology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China
| | - Wenqi Wu
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, Guangzhou Urology Research Institute, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, P.R. China
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