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O'Sullivan OT, Zdilla MJ. Properties and Promise of Catenated Nitrogen Systems As High-Energy-Density Materials. Chem Rev 2020; 120:5682-5744. [PMID: 32543838 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The properties of catenated nitrogen molecules, molecules containing internal chains of bonded nitrogen atoms, is of fundamental scientific interest in chemical structure and bonding, as nitrogen is uniquely situated in the periodic table to form kinetically stable compounds often with chemically stable N-N bonds but which are thermodynamically unstable in that the formation of stable multiply bonded N2 is usually thermodynamically preferable. This unique placement in the periodic table makes catenated nitrogen compounds of interest for development of high-energy-density materials, including explosives for defense and construction purposes, as well as propellants for missile propulsion and for space exploration. This review, designed for a chemical audience, describes foundational subjects, methods, and metrics relevant to the energetic materials community and provides an overview of important classes of catenated nitrogen compounds ranging from theoretical investigation of hypothetical molecules to the practical application of real-world energetic materials. The review is intended to provide detailed chemical insight into the synthesis and decomposition of such materials as well as foundational knowledge of energetic science new to most chemists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen T O'Sullivan
- ASEE Fellow, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Indian Head Division (NSWC IHD), 4005 Indian Head Hwy, Indian Head, Maryland 20640, United States
| | - Michael J Zdilla
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th St. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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Synthesis, characterization and crystal structure of four new asymmetric triazene ligands: An example of linear HgII complex with Hg... π secondary bonding interactions. J CHEM SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-015-0979-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Attar Gharamaleki J, Goodarzi A, Bolouhari HS, Hooshmand S, Rofouei MK, Notash B. Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Solution Study and In Silico ADME Profiling of Various Asymmetric Functionalized Triazenes. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-015-0185-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Ghoulipour V, Hosseinzadeh F, Farazi S, Attar Gharamaleki J, Notash B, Rofouei M. Mercury(II) complexes containing new ortho-functionalized asymmetric triazene ligands: synthesis, crystal structures, and solution studies. J COORD CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2014.931573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Ghoulipour
- Faculty of Chemistry, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - S. Farazi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - B. Notash
- Department of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - M.K. Rofouei
- Faculty of Chemistry, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
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Rofouei MK, Ghalami Z, Attar Gharamaleki J, Ghoulipour V, Bruno G, Rudbari HA. Synthesis, Structure, and Solution Study of a Mercury(II) Complex with the Ligand [1-(2-Methoxyphenyl)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)]triazene. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201100557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Rofouei MK, Attar Gharamaleki J, Fereyduni E, Aghaei A, Bruno G, Rudbari HA. Structural and Solution Studies of two Mercury(II) Complexes with [1,3-Bis(2-ethoxy)benzene]triazene. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201100350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Hauber SO, Woo Seo J, Niemeyer M. Halogenomercury Salts of Sterically Crowded Triazenides - Convenient Starting Materials for Redox-Transmetallation Reactions. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200900482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Beck J, Hörner M, Dittmann G. A Macrocyclic Bistriazene and its Complexes with Divalent Metal Ions. Eur J Inorg Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200900470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Beck
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard‐Domagk‐Str. 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany, Fax: +49‐228‐73‐5660
| | - Manfredo Hörner
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de Química, Caixa Postal 5031, 97.105‐970 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil, Fax: +55‐3220‐8031
| | - Gertrud Dittmann
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard‐Domagk‐Str. 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany, Fax: +49‐228‐73‐5660
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Deacon GB, Forsyth CM, Junk PC, Ness TJ, Izgorodina E, Baldamus J, Meyer G, Pantenburg I, Hitzbleck J, Ruhlandt-Senge K. The Supramolecular Architecture of Arene Complexes of Bis(polyfluorophenyl)mercurials. Eur J Inorg Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200800615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Hörner M, Broch F, do Canto Visentin L. Synthesis and Crystal Structure of {[Hg(RNNNR′)2]2}∞ [R = 4-C2H5OC(O)C6H4, R′ = 2-FC6H4] – an Asymmetric 1,3-Diaryltriazenide Complex of Mercury(II) with 1D Supramolecular Arrangement through Hg-η2,η2′-Areneπ–Interactions. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200700015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Sarazin Y, Wright JA, Bochmann M. Synthesis and crystal structure of [C6H5Hg(H2NSiMe3)][H2N{B(C6F5)3}2], a phenyl–mercury(II) cation stabilised by a non-coordinating counter-anion. J Organomet Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2006.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Hörner M, Manzoni de Oliveira G, do Canto Visentin L, Cezar RS. Dimerization and polymeric self-arrangement of [HgII(Py)2(PhN2C6H4NNNC6H4R)2] (Py=pyridine; R=NO2) through reciprocal metal-η2-arene π-interactions and non-classical C–H⋯O bonding: Synthesis and X-ray characterization of a polyaryl asymmetric-substituted triazenide complex polymer of Hg(II). Inorganica Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2006.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Hörner M, de Oliveira GM, Giglio VF, do Canto Visentin L, Broch F, Beck J. Bidimensional self-assembling of [HgII(RPhNNNPhR′)2] (R = acetyl, R′ = F) through metal-η4-arene π-interactions and non classical C–H⋯O bonding: Synthesis and X-ray characterization of a bis diaryl asymmetric-substituted triazenide complex polymer of Hg(II). Inorganica Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2006.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Polymeric bidimensional self-assembling of [HgII(RC6H4NNNC6H4R)2Py] (R=m-acetyl) through metal-η2,η2-arene π-interactions and non classical C–H⋯O bonding: Synthesis and X-ray characterization of a bis diaryl symmetric-substituted triazenide complex of Hg(II). J Organomet Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2005.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Hörner M, Manzoni de Oliveira G, Boneberger Behm M, Fenner H. Unidimensional Self-assembling of {HgII[NNN(PhBr)2]2} through Metal-η4-arene π-Interactions: Synthesis and X-Ray Characterization of a Bis Diaryl Symmetric-substituted Triazenide Complex Polymer of Mercury(II). Z Anorg Allg Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200500460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Hörner M, de Oliveira GM, Naue JA, Daniels J, Beck J. Polymeric assembling through reciprocal metal-η2-arene π-interactions: Synthesis and X-ray characterization of [HgII(RPhNNNPhR′)2Py]2 (R=NO2, R′=F), an asymmetric bis diaryl-substituted triazenide–pyridinyl complex of Hg(II). J Organomet Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2005.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Hörner M, de Oliveira GM, Bonini JS, Fenner H. Supramolecular assemblages through metal-η4-arene π-interactions: Synthesis and X-ray characterization of {HgII[NNN(PhR)2]2}n (R=NO2, F), a bis diaryl-substituted triazenide complex polymer of Hg(II). J Organomet Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2005.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hörner M, de Oliveira GM, de Oliveira JS, Teles WM, Filgueiras CAL, Beck J. Stabilization of the (η4-COD)Pt-fragment (COD=η2,η2-cyclo-octa-1,5-diene) by a bistriazenide: Synthesis and X-ray structural characterization of [(η4-COD)Pt(NNN-Ph)2C6H4], a neutral 1,2-bis(phenyltriazenido)benzene complex of platinum(II). J Organomet Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2005.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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