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Reetz M. Witnessing the Birth of Directed Evolution of Stereoselective Enzymes as Catalysts in Organic Chemistry. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Tian K, Li Z. A Simple Biosystem for the High‐Yielding Cascade Conversion of Racemic Alcohols to Enantiopure Amines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyuan Tian
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore 117585 Singapore
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore 117585 Singapore
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Tian K, Li Z. A Simple Biosystem for the High-Yielding Cascade Conversion of Racemic Alcohols to Enantiopure Amines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:21745-21751. [PMID: 32776678 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The amination of racemic alcohols to produce enantiopure amines is an important green chemistry reaction for pharmaceutical manufacturing, requiring simple and efficient solutions. Herein, we report the development of a cascade biotransformation to aminate racemic alcohols. This cascade utilizes an ambidextrous alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) to oxidize a racemic alcohol, an enantioselective transaminase (TA) to convert the ketone intermediate to chiral amine, and isopropylamine to recycle PMP and NAD+ cofactors via the reversed cascade reactions. The concept was proven by using an ambidextrous CpSADH-W286A engineered from (S)-enantioselective CpSADH as the first example of evolving ambidextrous ADHs, an enantioselective BmTA, and isopropylamine. A biosystem containing isopropylamine and E. coli (CpSADH-W286A/BmTA) expressing the two enzymes was developed for the amination of racemic alcohols to produce eight useful and high-value (S)-amines in 72-99 % yield and 98-99 % ee, providing with a simple and practical solution to this type of reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyuan Tian
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
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Qu G, Li A, Acevedo‐Rocha CG, Sun Z, Reetz MT. Die zentrale Rolle der Methodenentwicklung in der gerichteten Evolution selektiver Enzyme. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201901491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ge Qu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area Tianjin 300308 China
| | - Aitao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology College of Life Sciences Hubei University 368 Youyi Road Wuchang Wuhan 430062 China
| | | | - Zhoutong Sun
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area Tianjin 300308 China
| | - Manfred T. Reetz
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area Tianjin 300308 China
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim Deutschland
- Department of Chemistry, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 Philipps-Universität 35032 Marburg Deutschland
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Qu G, Li A, Acevedo‐Rocha CG, Sun Z, Reetz MT. The Crucial Role of Methodology Development in Directed Evolution of Selective Enzymes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:13204-13231. [PMID: 31267627 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201901491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ge Qu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area Tianjin 300308 China
| | - Aitao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology College of Life Sciences Hubei University 368 Youyi Road Wuchang Wuhan 430062 China
| | | | - Zhoutong Sun
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area Tianjin 300308 China
| | - Manfred T. Reetz
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area Tianjin 300308 China
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 Philipps-University 35032 Marburg Germany
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Islam S, Laaf D, Infanzón B, Pelantová H, Davari MD, Jakob F, Křen V, Elling L, Schwaneberg U. KnowVolution Campaign of an Aryl Sulfotransferase Increases Activity toward Cellobiose. Chemistry 2018; 24:17117-17124. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shohana Islam
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials Forckenbeckstraße 50 52056 Aachen Germany
- Institute of BiotechnologyRWTH Aachen University Worringerweg 3 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Dominic Laaf
- Laboratory for BiomaterialsInstitute of Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical EngineeringRWTH Aachen University Pauwelsstraße 20 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Belén Infanzón
- Institute of BiotechnologyRWTH Aachen University Worringerweg 3 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Helena Pelantová
- Institute of MicrobiologyCzech Academy of Sciences Vídeňská 1083 14220 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Mehdi D. Davari
- Institute of BiotechnologyRWTH Aachen University Worringerweg 3 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Felix Jakob
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials Forckenbeckstraße 50 52056 Aachen Germany
- Institute of BiotechnologyRWTH Aachen University Worringerweg 3 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Institute of MicrobiologyCzech Academy of Sciences Vídeňská 1083 14220 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Lothar Elling
- Laboratory for BiomaterialsInstitute of Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical EngineeringRWTH Aachen University Pauwelsstraße 20 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Ulrich Schwaneberg
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials Forckenbeckstraße 50 52056 Aachen Germany
- Institute of BiotechnologyRWTH Aachen University Worringerweg 3 52074 Aachen Germany
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Takeda R, Kawamura A, Kawashima A, Sato T, Moriwaki H, Izawa K, Akaji K, Wang S, Liu H, Aceña JL, Soloshonok VA. Chemical Dynamic Kinetic Resolution andS/R Interconversion of Unprotected α-Amino Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201407944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Takeda R, Kawamura A, Kawashima A, Sato T, Moriwaki H, Izawa K, Akaji K, Wang S, Liu H, Aceña JL, Soloshonok VA. Chemical dynamic kinetic resolution and S/R interconversion of unprotected α-amino acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:12214-7. [PMID: 25244328 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201407944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Reported herein is the first purely chemical method for the dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) of unprotected racemic α-amino acids (α-AAs), a method which can rival the economic efficiency of the enzymatic reactions. The DKR reaction principle can be readily applied for S/R interconversions of α-AAs, the methodological versatility of which is unmatched by biocatalytic approaches. The presented process features a virtually complete stereochemical outcome, fully recyclable source of chirality, and operationally simple and convenient reaction conditions, thus allowing its ready scalability. A quite unique and novel mode of the thermodynamic control over the stereochemical outcome, including an exciting interplay between axial, helical, and central elements of chirality is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Takeda
- Hamari Chemicals Ltd. 1-4-29 Kunijima, Higashi-Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 533-0024 (Japan)
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Struck AW, Thompson ML, Wong LS, Micklefield J. S-Adenosyl-Methionine-Dependent Methyltransferases: Highly Versatile Enzymes in Biocatalysis, Biosynthesis and Other Biotechnological Applications. Chembiochem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201200556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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10
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Reetz MT. Laboratory evolution of stereoselective enzymes as a means to expand the toolbox of organic chemists. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.05.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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11
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Zhang ZG, Parra LP, Reetz MT. Protein Engineering of Stereoselective Baeyer-Villiger Monooxygenases. Chemistry 2012; 18:10160-72. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Charles Stark Draper Prize: F. H. Arnold / Heinz-Maier-Leibnitz-Preis: C. P. R. Hackenberger / Franklin Institute Award: K. C. Nicolaou / Frontiers of Knowledge Award: G. A. Somorjai / Wilhelm-Manchot-Forschungsprofessur: H. Waldmann. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201102245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Charles Stark Draper Prize: F. H. Arnold / Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Prize: C. P. R. Hackenberger / Franklin Institute Award: K. C. Nicolaou / Frontiers of Knowledge Award: G. A. Somorjai / Wilhelm Manchot Prize: H. Waldmann. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201102245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Samland AK, Rale M, Sprenger GA, Fessner WD. The transaldolase family: new synthetic opportunities from an ancient enzyme scaffold. Chembiochem 2011; 12:1454-74. [PMID: 21574238 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201100072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Aldol reactions constitute a powerful methodology for carbon-carbon bond formation in synthetic organic chemistry. Biocatalytic carboligation by aldolases offers a green, uniquely regio- and stereoselective tool with which to perform these transformations. Recent advances in the field, fueled by both discovery and protein engineering, have greatly improved the synthetic opportunities for the atom-economic asymmetric synthesis of chiral molecules with potential pharmaceutical relevance. New aldolases derived from the transaldolase scaffold (based on transaldolase B and fructose-6-phosphate aldolase from Escherichia coli) have been shown to be unusually flexible in their substrate scope; this makes them particularly valuable for addressing an expanded molecular range of complex polyfunctional targets. Extensive knowledge arising from structural and molecular biochemical studies makes it possible to address the remaining limitations of the methodology by engineering tailored biocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne K Samland
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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Reetz MT. Gerichtete Evolution stereoselektiver Enzyme: Eine ergiebige Katalysator‐Quelle für asymmetrische Reaktionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201000826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manfred T. Reetz
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser‐Wilhelm‐Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr (Deutschland), Fax: (+49) 208‐306‐2985 http://www.mpi‐muelheim.mpg.de/mpikofo_home.html
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Reetz MT. Laboratory Evolution of Stereoselective Enzymes: A Prolific Source of Catalysts for Asymmetric Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 50:138-74. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201000826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 441] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manfred T. Reetz
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser‐Wilhelm‐Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr (Germany), Fax: (+49) 208‐306‐2985 http://www.mpi‐muelheim.mpg.de/mpikofo_home.html
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Reetz MT, Kahakeaw D, Sanchis J. Shedding light on the efficacy of laboratory evolution based on iterative saturation mutagenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 5:115-22. [DOI: 10.1039/b814862g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Reetz MT, Sanchis J. Constructing and Analyzing the Fitness Landscape of an Experimental Evolutionary Process. Chembiochem 2008; 9:2260-7. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200800371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Reetz MT, Kahakeaw D, Lohmer R. Addressing the Numbers Problem in Directed Evolution. Chembiochem 2008; 9:1797-804. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200800298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Becker S, Höbenreich H, Vogel A, Knorr J, Wilhelm S, Rosenau F, Jaeger KE, Reetz M, Kolmar H. Einzelzellbasierte Hochdurchsatz-Durchmusterung zur Identifizierung enantioselektiver hydrolytischer Enzyme. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200705236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Becker S, Höbenreich H, Vogel A, Knorr J, Wilhelm S, Rosenau F, Jaeger KE, Reetz M, Kolmar H. Single-Cell High-Throughput Screening To Identify Enantioselective Hydrolytic Enzymes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:5085-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200705236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Taglieber A, Schulz F, Hollmann F, Rusek M, Reetz MT. Light-driven biocatalytic oxidation and reduction reactions: scope and limitations. Chembiochem 2008; 9:565-72. [PMID: 18288667 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200700435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The quest for practical regeneration concepts for nicotinamide-dependent oxidoreductases continues. Recently we proposed the use of visible light to promote the direct reductive regeneration of a flavin-dependent monooxygenase. With this enzyme (PAMO-P3) light-driven enantioselective Baeyer-Villiger oxidations were performed. In spite of the significant reduction in the complexity achieved, catalytic performance of the novel approach did not meet the requirements for an efficient biocatalytic oxygenation system. Driven by this ultimate goal, we further investigated the limiting factors of our particular system. We discovered that oxidative uncoupling of the flavin-regeneration reaction from enzymatic O2-activation accounts for the futile consumption of approximately 95% of the reducing equivalents provided by the sacrificial electron donor, EDTA. Furthermore, it was found that the apparent turnover frequency (TOF) for PAMO-P3 in the present setup is approximately two orders of magnitude lower than in conventional setups that use NADPH as reductant. This finding was traced to sluggish electron transfer kinetics that arose from an impeded interaction between PAMO-P3-bound FAD and the reducing catalyst. The limiting factors and potential approaches for their circumvention are discussed. Furthermore, we broadened the light-driven regeneration approach to the class of flavin-dependent reductases. By using the Old Yellow Enzyme homologue YqjM as a model system, a significantly higher catalytic turnover for the enzyme catalyst was achieved, which we assign to a higher accessibility of the prosthetic group as well as to the absence of oxidative uncoupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Taglieber
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
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Reetz MT, Rentzsch M, Pletsch A, Taglieber A, Hollmann F, Mondière RJG, Dickmann N, Höcker B, Cerrone S, Haeger MC, Sterner R. A Robust Protein Host for Anchoring Chelating Ligands and Organocatalysts. Chembiochem 2008; 9:552-64. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200700413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Kahakeaw D, Reetz M. A Cell-Based Adrenaline Assay for Automated High-Throughput Activity Screening of Epoxide Hydrolases. Chem Asian J 2008; 3:233-8. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.200700325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Taglieber A, Höbenreich H, Carballeira JD, Mondière RJG, Reetz MT. Alternate-site enzyme promiscuity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 46:8597-600. [PMID: 17912724 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200702751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Taglieber
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
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Taglieber A, Höbenreich H, Carballeira J, Mondière R, Reetz M. Alternate-Site Enzyme Promiscuity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200702751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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de Vries JG, Lefort L. The combinatorial approach to asymmetric hydrogenation: phosphoramidite libraries, ruthenacycles, and artificial enzymes. Chemistry 2007; 12:4722-34. [PMID: 16502451 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200500819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
For a more general implementation of asymmetric catalysis in the production of fine chemicals, the screening for new catalysts and ligands must be dramatically accelerated. This is possible with a high-throughput experimentation (HTE) approach. However, implementation of this technology requires the rapid preparation of libraries of ligands/catalysts and consequently dictates the use of simple ligands that can be readily synthesised in a robot. In this concept article, we describe how the development of new ligands based on monodentate phosphoramidites enabled the development of an integral HTE protocol for asymmetric hydrogenation. This "instant ligand library" protocol makes it possible to synthesise 96 ligands in one day and screen them the next day. Further diversity is possible by using mixtures of monodentate ligands. This concept has already led to an industrial application. Other concepts, still under development, are based on chiral ruthenacycles as new transfer hydrogenation catalysts and the use of enzymes as ligands for transition-metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes G de Vries
- DSM Research, Life Sciences - Advanced Synthesis, Catalysis & Development, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands.
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Reetz MT, Rentzsch M, Pletsch A, Maywald M, Maiwald P, Peyralans JJP, Maichele A, Fu Y, Jiao N, Hollmann F, Mondière R, Taglieber A. Directed evolution of enantioselective hybrid catalysts: a novel concept in asymmetric catalysis. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.03.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Reetz MT, Carballeira JD, Vogel A. Iterative saturation mutagenesis on the basis of B factors as a strategy for increasing protein thermostability. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 45:7745-51. [PMID: 17075931 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200602795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 369] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manfred T Reetz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany.
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Reetz MT, Puls M, Carballeira JD, Vogel A, Jaeger KE, Eggert T, Thiel W, Bocola M, Otte N. Learning from directed evolution: Further lessons from theoretical investigations into cooperative mutations in lipase enantioselectivity. Chembiochem 2007; 8:106-12. [PMID: 17133645 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200600359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
An earlier experimental study, which involved the directed evolution of enantioselective lipase variants from Pseudomonas aeruginosa as catalysts in the hydrolytic kinetic resolution of 2-methyl-decanoic acid p-nitrophenyl ester, provided a mutant with six mutations. Consequently, the selectivity factor was found to increase from E = 1.1 for the wild-type to E = 51 for the best mutant. Only one of the amino acid exchanges in this mutant was found to occur next to the binding pocket, the other mutations being remote. Our previous theoretical analysis with molecular-dynamics simulations helped to unveil the source of enhanced enantioselectivity: a relay mechanism that involves two of the six mutations was shown to induce strong cooperativity. In this investigation, single, double, and triple mutants were constructed and tested as enantioselective catalysts. This study supports our original postulate regarding the relay mechanism, offers further mechanistic insight into the role of individual mutations, and provides mutants that display even higher enantioselectivity (E of up to 64).
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred T Reetz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany.
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Reetz MT, Carballeira JD. Iterative saturation mutagenesis (ISM) for rapid directed evolution of functional enzymes. Nat Protoc 2007; 2:891-903. [PMID: 17446890 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2007.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 582] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Iterative saturation mutagenesis (ISM) is a new and efficient method for the directed evolution of functional enzymes. It reduces the necessary molecular biological work and the screening effort drastically. It is based on a Cartesian view of the protein structure, performing iterative cycles of saturation mutagenesis at rationally chosen sites in an enzyme, a given site being composed of one, two or three amino acid positions. The basis for choosing these sites depends on the nature of the catalytic property to be improved, e.g., enantioselectivity, substrate acceptance or thermostability. In the case of thermostability, sites showing highest B-factors (available from X-ray data) are chosen. The pronounced increase in thermostability of the lipase from Bacillus subtilis (Lip A) as a result of applying ISM is illustrated here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred T Reetz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany.
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Letondor C, Ward TR. Artificial metalloenzymes for enantioselective catalysis: recent advances. Chembiochem 2007; 7:1845-52. [PMID: 17004276 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200600264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Letondor
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Neuchâtel, Avenue Bellevaux 51, CP 158, 2009 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Reetz MT, Carballeira JD, Peyralans J, Höbenreich H, Maichele A, Vogel A. Expanding the substrate scope of enzymes: combining mutations obtained by CASTing. Chemistry 2007; 12:6031-8. [PMID: 16789057 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200600459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In a previous paper, the combinatorial active-site saturation test (CAST) was introduced as an effective strategy for the directed evolution of enzymes toward broader substrate acceptance. CASTing comprises the systematic design and screening of focused libraries around the complete binding pocket, but it is only the first step of an evolutionary process because only the initial libraries of mutants are considered. In the present study, a simple method is presented for further optimization of initial hits by combining the mutational changes obtained from two different libraries. Combined lipase mutants were screened for hydrolytic activity against six notoriously difficult substrates (bulky carboxylic acid esters) and improved mutants showing significantly higher activity were identified. The enantioselectivity of the mutants in the hydrolytic kinetic resolution of two substrates was also studied, with the best mutant-substrate combination resulting in a selectivity factor of E=49. Finally, the catalytic profile of the evolved mutants in the hydrolysis of simple nonbranched carboxylic acid esters, ranging from acetate to palmitate, was studied for theoretical reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred T Reetz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany.
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Reetz MT, Carballeira JD, Vogel A. Iterative Saturation Mutagenesis on the Basis of B Factors as a Strategy for Increasing Protein Thermostability. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200602795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Reetz MT, Peyralans JJP, Maichele A, Fu Y, Maywald M. Directed evolution of hybrid enzymes: Evolving enantioselectivity of an achiral Rh-complex anchored to a protein. Chem Commun (Camb) 2006:4318-20. [PMID: 17047853 DOI: 10.1039/b610461d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The concept of utilizing the methods of directed evolution for tuning the enantioselectivity of synthetic achiral metal-ligand centers anchored to proteins has been implemented experimentally for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred T Reetz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, D-45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany.
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Reetz MT, Wang LW, Bocola M. Directed Evolution of Enantioselective Enzymes: Iterative Cycles of CASTing for Probing Protein-Sequence Space. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200502746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Reetz MT, Wang LW, Bocola M. Directed Evolution of Enantioselective Enzymes: Iterative Cycles of CASTing for Probing Protein-Sequence Space. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 45:1236-41. [PMID: 16411254 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200502746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manfred T Reetz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany.
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Krebs G, Hugonet L, Sutherland JD. Substrate Ambiguity and Catalytic Promiscuity Within a Bacterial Proteome Probed by an Easy Phenotypic Screen for Aldehydes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200503031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Krebs G, Hugonet L, Sutherland JD. Substrate Ambiguity and Catalytic Promiscuity Within a Bacterial Proteome Probed by an Easy Phenotypic Screen for Aldehydes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 45:301-5. [PMID: 16315331 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200503031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Krebs
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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Reetz MT, Bocola M, Carballeira JD, Zha D, Vogel A. Expanding the Range of Substrate Acceptance of Enzymes: Combinatorial Active-Site Saturation Test. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005; 44:4192-6. [PMID: 15929154 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200500767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manfred T Reetz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany.
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Expanding the Range of Substrate Acceptance of Enzymes: Combinatorial Active-Site Saturation Test. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200500767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Bocola M, Schulz F, Leca F, Vogel A, Fraaije M, Reetz M. Converting Phenylacetone Monooxygenase into Phenylcyclohexanone Monooxygenase by Rational Design: Towards Practical Baeyer-Villiger Monooxygenases. Adv Synth Catal 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200505069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Woodhall T, Williams G, Berry A, Nelson A. Creation of a Tailored Aldolase for the Parallel Synthesis of Sialic Acid Mimetics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005; 44:2109-12. [PMID: 15742315 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200462733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Woodhall
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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Woodhall T, Williams G, Berry A, Nelson A. Creation of a Tailored Aldolase for the Parallel Synthesis of Sialic Acid Mimetics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200462733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Bocola M, Otte N, Jaeger KE, Reetz MT, Thiel W. Learning from Directed Evolution: Theoretical Investigations into Cooperative Mutations in Lipase Enantioselectivity. Chembiochem 2004; 5:214-23. [PMID: 14760743 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200300731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Molecular modeling with classical force-fields has been used to study the reactant complex and the tetrahedral intermediate in lipase-catalyzed ester hydrolysis in 20 enzyme/substrate combinations. The R and S enantiomers of alpha-methyldecanoic acid ester served as substrates for the wild-type lipase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and nine selected mutants. After suitable preparation of initial structures from an available wild-type crystal structure, each system was subjected to 1 ns CHARMM force-field molecular dynamics simulations. The resulting geometric and energetic changes allow interpretation of some experimentally observed effects of mutations, particularly with regard to the "hot spots" at residues 155 and 162. The replacement S155F enhances S enantiopreference through a steric relay involving Leu162. The double mutation S53P + L162G improves S enantioselectivity by creating a new binding pocket for the S enantiomer with an additional stabilizing hydrogen bond to His83. The simulations provide insight into remote and cooperative effects of mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bocola
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred T Reetz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim An Der Ruhr, Germany
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Zha D, Eipper A, Reetz MT. Assembly of designed oligonucleotides as an efficient method for gene recombination: a new tool in directed evolution. Chembiochem 2003; 4:34-9. [PMID: 12512074 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200390011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A new and practical method for gene recombination with formation of libraries of mutant genes is presented. The method is based on the assembly of appropriately prepared oligonucleotides whose design is guided by sequence information. High recombination frequency with formation of full-length products is achieved by controlled overlapping of the designed oligomers. This process (ADO) minimizes self-hybridization of parental genes, which constitutes a significant advantage over conventional family shuffling as used in the directed evolution of functional enzymes. ADO was applied to the recombination of two lipase family genes from Bacillus subtilis (LipA and LipB). In a library of 3000 lipase variants created by this method, several were found that display increased enantioselectivity in a model reaction involving the hydrolysis of a meso-diacetate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxing Zha
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
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